浙江專用2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)模塊四第8講名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析新人教版

1、word 文檔- 1 - / 13 第 8 講名詞性從句. 語法填空1. (2020 某某高考 )over thousands of years, they began to depend less on whatcould be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 2. (2019 全國卷 )while they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence that they range all the

2、 way across the arctic, and as far south as james bay in canada. . 完成句子1. (2020 新高考全國卷)the tests show that the social environment is extremely influential(社會(huì)環(huán)境非常有影響) when were making decisions. 2. (2019 某某高考 )the opinion that learning is a lifelong process (學(xué)習(xí)是終生的過程)has been expressed by education e

3、xperts throughout the years. 3. (2018 全國卷 )i was afraid to speak in front of a large group of people(在一大群人面前講話 ). 4. (2017 全國卷 )when i look at this picture of myself, i realize how fast time flies(時(shí)間過得真快 ). 語法填空謹(jǐn)記第1步判斷是否屬于名詞性從句; 第2步判斷名詞性從句中的連接詞; word 文檔- 2 - / 13 若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語, 用連接代詞 ; 若缺少狀語就用連接副詞;

4、 如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句由不同的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo), 從句一般保持陳述語序。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為3 類: 1. that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that 只起連接主句和從句的作用, 在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分, 本身也沒有詞義。該從句作主語通常用 it 作形式主語 , 而將從句置于句末。(2019 某某高考 )scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way

5、into the human body. (同位語從句 ) it is suggested that we should limit the amount of cars and bicycles to improve our environment. (主語從句 ) 2. wh- 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句wh- 包括 who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, why 等連接副詞。wh- 詞既起連接作用, 還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等。從句作主語也常用it 作形式主語 , 而將

6、wh- 從句置于句末。word 文檔- 3 - / 13 (2020 某某高考 )the student pleted this experiment to make e true what professor joseph had said. it remains to be seen how these obstacles will help or hurt its economy. 【點(diǎn)津】(1)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what作連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句既可以表示一個(gè)問“什么? ”的問題 , 也可以表示相當(dāng)于“名詞 / 代詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的意思, 意思是“所的事 /

7、物” , 相當(dāng)于 the thing(s) that/which. . . 。 如: this is what (=the thing that)we have been looking forward to for years. (2)wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句, 又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句; 而 no matter wh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(2018某某高考 ) the gold medal will be awarded to whoever (anyone who)wins the first place in the bicycle race. no one is allowed

8、 to break the regulations, whoever (anyone who)he is. 3. if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí)一般用whether, 不用 if 。the question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master. (2)whether與 if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)大多數(shù)情況下可以互換, 但下列情況下只能用whether: 后面直接跟or not時(shí)用 whether they now have two weeks to decide

9、 whether or not to buy. 用于介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)用whether word 文檔- 4 - / 13 (2019 某某高考 ) but if he s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. 小題快練what struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. that you are ing to london is the best ne

10、ws i have heard this long time. people began looking across to see where the noise was ing from. i can t say whether he is ing or not. whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished. i didn t realize how heavy that shopping was going to be. whether they would support us was a p

11、roblem. it is important to check when the laboratory can do the tests. 主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句, 通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it 代替, 而本身放在句子末尾。【點(diǎn)津】it 作形式主語的句型有: it is+ 名詞 + 從句it is a fact that. . . 事實(shí)是it is good news that. . . 是好消息it is a question that. . . 是個(gè)問題it is mon knowledge that. . . 是常識(shí)類似的名詞還有: a pity; a

12、wonder; a good thing; no wonder; a surprise等。it is good news that our team has won the championship. word 文檔- 5 - / 13 it is a pity that i have missed a wonderful boxing match. it is+ 形容詞 + 從句it is necessary that. . . 有必要it is clear that. . . 很清楚it is likely that. . . 很可能it is important that. . . 重要

13、的是類似的形容詞還有: strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quiet; unusual; certain; evident; worthwhile; surprising; interesting; astonishing。it is likely that the goods have met with some accident on the way. it is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. it

14、is+ 過去分詞 + 從句it is said that. . . 據(jù)說it is reported that. . . 據(jù)報(bào)道it has been proved that. . . 已證明it must be proved that. . . 必須指出類似的過去分詞還有: known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out等。it is reported that the af

15、fected area is under further detailed investigation. it has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms. word 文檔- 6 - / 13 小題快練whoever wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet. it was a pity that you didnt go to the talk. wha

16、t shocked me was that all of these children had no parents. it is reported (report)that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days. 賓語從句賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語的作用, 既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語, 也可作介詞的賓語(作介詞的賓語時(shí)必須由wh- 疑問詞引導(dǎo) )。1. that的省略與否that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí), that 在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分, 在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去, 但如果從句是并列句時(shí), 第二個(gè)分句前的that 不可省略。如: h

17、e said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. 2. 句子的語序由 who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 應(yīng)注意句子的語序要用陳述語序。例如: can you explain why he didnt e to the party last sunday? 【點(diǎn)津】think, believe, imagine, suppos

18、e等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的否定性賓語從句中, 要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。word 文檔- 7 - / 13 i don t think the food here agrees with me. we dont believe he stole money from the stop. 動(dòng)詞doubt 用在疑問句或否定句中時(shí), 其后賓語從句常用that 作連接詞 ; 用在肯定句中時(shí), 連接詞用whether 或 if 皆可 , 而不用that 。do you doubt that he will win the match? i don t doubt that he

19、 can do a good job of it. he often doubts whether/if he is adequate as a father. 小題快練. 單句語法填空he is quite strange, for everything he does is opposite to what is considered normal behavior. before carrying out the plan, we must consider whether the new use of the drug needs further tests. i never doub

20、t that you can remember ten or more sentences a day, but without using them, they re not yours. . 單句翻譯we dont think he can operate this machine. 譯: 我們認(rèn)為他不能操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器。表語從句表語從句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引導(dǎo)外 , 還可由 because, as if(though)等引導(dǎo)。 that 引導(dǎo)表語從句 , 無詞義 , 只起連接作用 , 不可省略。(2018 高考 ) without h

21、is support, we wouldn t be where we are now. word 文檔- 8 - / 13 (2018 某某高考 )by boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. it looks as if a sandstorm is ing up. the fact of the matter is that most people consume far more protein than they actually need. 【點(diǎn)津】whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句, 但與之同義的if 不用于

22、引導(dǎo)表語從句。that is because. . . 指原因或理由。that is why. . . 指由于各種原因所造成的后果。the question is whether he will join us next time. he did not see the film last night. that is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. he had seen the film before. that is why he did not see it last night. 當(dāng)主語是reas

23、on時(shí), 表語從句要用that 引導(dǎo)而不是because 。the reason why i was late was that my car broke down on the way. 小題快練one of the glorious moments in my school life was when i was awarded the mayor s award. what we can learn from the story is that you mustnt blame children for the mistakes of their parents. that is whe

24、re our problems lie. my car goes faster than yours, which is why i want to keep it. 同位語從句word 文檔- 9 - / 13 同位語從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說明, 一般用連詞that 引導(dǎo)。由于名詞的意義不同, 也可用 whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引導(dǎo)。 常見的名詞有fact, idea, belief, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, order, problem, report,

25、decision, word等。例如 : we came to the decision that we must act at once. i have no idea when he will e back. we dont understand the problem why this is the best choice. 【點(diǎn)津】that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別: 同位語從句的that 不充當(dāng)句子成分, 且不可省略 ; that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句成分是殘缺的, that 代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語成分, 充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)可省略。we are glad at the new

26、s that he will e. 聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news 的內(nèi)容就是 that he will e, 故 that 引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句) we are glad at the news that he told us. 聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的 , 即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news 而不是其他的news, 故 that 從句為定語從句) 小題快練the question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. the manager put forw

27、ard a suggestion that we should have an assistant. there is too much work to do. he has an idea that he can finish his project better. i have no doubt that he will overe all these difficulties. word 文檔- 10 - / 13 學(xué)生用書 p208 . 語法填空nowadays, before we upload a photo of ourselves to social media, chance

28、s are that well use 1. _ app to smooth our skin, make our eyes bigger, eyelashes longer and lips fuller. with a couple of taps on our mobile phones, were able to get a quick fix and present our own best version to the world. 2. _, the problem is, when we 3. _(simple) edit our imperfections away, we

29、re also changing the way we look at 4. _(we). last month, 5. _(research) from the boston university 6. _(publish) an article which analyzed photo 7. _(edit) apps bad impacts on peoples self-esteem and their potential to cause appearance anxieties. they warned that such apps are blurring( 難 區(qū) 分 ) the

30、 lines between reality and fantasy. these apps allow one 8. _(change) his or her appearance in minutes and follow a(n) 9. _(realistic) standard of beauty. now weve got this daily parison of the real self with this intentional or unintentional self that we present on social media. this is 10. _ many

31、young people suffer an identity crisis when it es to how they look. 【文章大意】 這是一篇說明文。文章介紹目前人們將自己的照片上傳到社交媒體之前, 我們很有可能會(huì)使用一款應(yīng)用程序來美化我們的皮膚, 讓我們的眼睛更大, 睫毛更長 , 嘴唇更豐滿 , word 文檔- 11 - / 13 波士頓大學(xué) (boston university) 的研究人員發(fā)表了一篇文章, 分析了照片編輯應(yīng)用程序?qū)θ藗冏宰鸬呢?fù)面影響, 以及它們可能導(dǎo)致的外表焦慮。這就是許多年輕人在外貌問題上遭遇身份危機(jī)的原因。1. 【解析】 an ?？疾椴欢ü谠~。此處表

32、示“一款”應(yīng)用程序, app 為可數(shù)名詞表泛指, 故用不定冠詞 , 且 app 是以元音音素開頭的單詞。故填an 。2. 【解析】 however。考查副詞。設(shè)空處前一句句意: 在我們的手機(jī)上輕敲幾下, 我們就能快速解決問題, 向世界展示我們最好的版本。設(shè)空處后的句意: 問題是 , 當(dāng)我們簡單地編輯我們的缺點(diǎn)時(shí) , 我們也改變了我們看待自己的方式。可知前后句意為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填however 。3. 【解析】 simply ?？疾楦痹~。此處edit 是動(dòng)詞 , 由副詞修飾 , 所給詞 simple是形容詞 , 其副詞形式是simply 。故填 simply 。4. 【解析】 ourselves。

33、考查反身代詞。 根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用反身代詞。主語為 we, 故填 ourselves 。5. 【解析】 researchers?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。該空格處作句子主語, 指波士頓大學(xué)的“研究人員們” , 所以這里用名詞復(fù)數(shù), 故填 researchers。6. 【解析】published。 考查時(shí)態(tài)。 根據(jù) last month可知句子用一般過去時(shí), 故填 published。7. 【解析】 editing。考查形容詞。photo editing apps “照片編輯應(yīng)用程序”, editing意為“用于編輯的”。故填editing 。8. 【解析】 to change?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句

34、子的謂語是allow, change為非謂語 ; allow sb. to do sth. 是固定短語“允許某人做某事”。故填to change。9. 【解析】 unrealistic?？疾樾稳菰~。此處standard是名詞 , 由形容詞修飾, 結(jié)合句意 , 該空填 unrealistic。10. 【解析】 why 。考查表語從句。此處表示結(jié)果, 是 why 引導(dǎo)的表語從句。故填why 。. 語段填空word 文檔- 12 - / 13 hello, boys and girls! today, i am going to talk about what you should do (你應(yīng)該做什么) when a fire alarm goes o