初中英語副詞講義

1、初中英語副詞講義一、定義副詞（ adverb，簡寫為 adv.）是一種用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或全句的詞，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、 程度、方式等概念。二、句法功能副詞在句中主要用作狀語，表語，補(bǔ)語，定語。 （句子主干成分：主、謂、賓、系、表；修飾成分：定、狀、補(bǔ)）Eg. He works hard.（作狀語）You speak English very well.（作狀語）Food here is hardly to get.（作狀語）Is she in ? （作表語）Let him out! （作補(bǔ)語）三、常見的副詞類型1) 時(shí)間和頻度副詞： now, then, often, alwa

2、ys, usually, early, today, late, next, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday, once, twice2) 地點(diǎn)副詞： here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down,back, forward, home, upsta

3、irs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on3) 方式副詞： carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly4) 程度副詞： much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, s

4、lightly, hardly5) 疑問副詞： how, when, where, why6)關(guān)系副詞： when, where, why7) 連接副詞： therefore, moreover, however, otherwise, then四、修飾成分 修飾動(dòng)詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式、頻度等。一般位于動(dòng)詞之后，如果動(dòng)詞有賓語，則要位于賓語之后。頻度副詞通常放在行為動(dòng)詞前，be 動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞后面。例如： The boy is always asking his parents for money.1 / 3She never goes to the cinema.I hav

5、e never seen the film before. 修飾形容詞、副詞、介詞短語，一般前置，只有enough 例外，需要后置。例如： She seems quite happy.You've done rather badly in the test.The wind was right in our faces.This girl is not old enough to go to school.He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 用作表語，多為與介詞同形的副詞和表示方位的副詞。例如： Is anybody in

6、?Father is away.I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs.My friend is still abroad. 少數(shù)表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的副詞還可用作定語，一般位于名詞之后。例如： I hope you'll enjoy your stay here.希望你在這里過得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my way home.在我回家的路上，我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday?你覺得昨天的會(huì)開得怎樣？五、副詞的構(gòu)成從形態(tài)上看， 大多數(shù)副詞都是由

7、" 形容詞后綴 -ly" 構(gòu)成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。形容詞變副詞： 在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly 。如 :real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly; quiet-quietly 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y 為 i,然后再加 -ly 。如 :busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily 某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e 結(jié)尾和以 -ue 結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉e,然后再加 -y 或-ly

8、 。如 :terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently注意 : friendly; motherly; lovely， weekly ， lively 等詞是形容詞而非副詞。 英語中還有少數(shù)與形容詞同形的副詞，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight,well 等。請比較它們的詞義和用法：the high jump跳高項(xiàng)目（形容詞）to jump high跳得高（副詞）a fast car 行得快的汽車（形容詞）to drive fast開快車（副詞）an early riser

9、早起的人（形容詞）to get up early 起得早（副詞）a straight line 直線（形容詞）Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。（副詞）注意：兼有兩種形式的副詞 late 與 lately ：2 / 3late 意思是 "晚 " ； lately 意思是 "最近 "。例如：You have come too late. What have you beendoing lately? deep 與 deeply：deep 意思是 " 深" ，表示空間深度；deeply 時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，"深深地 "。例如： He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. high 與 highly ：high 表示空間高度； highly 表示程度，相當(dāng)于 much 。例如： The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opin