人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、人教版必修一各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Unit One Friendship一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.go through 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受get through 通過(guò)；完成；接通電話2. set down 記下，放下3. a series of 一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 為了6. at dusk 傍晚，黃昏時(shí)刻7. face to face 面對(duì)面8. fall in love 愛(ài)上9. join in 參加（某個(gè)活動(dòng)）； take part in 參加（活動(dòng)）join 加入（組織，團(tuán)隊(duì)，并成為其中一員）10. calm down 冷靜下來(lái)11. suffer from

2、遭受12. be/get tired of對(duì) 感到厭倦13. be concerned about關(guān)心14. get on/along well with 與相處融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅長(zhǎng)于 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是 17. no longer / not any longer 不再 18. too much 太多（后接不可數(shù) n.）much too 太(后接 adj.)19. notuntil 直到 才20. itsno pleasure doing sth 做 并不開(kāi)心21. make sb. sth. 使某

3、人成為 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、語(yǔ)法 -直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)概念：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。 間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句且不要加引號(hào)。例： Mr. Black said, “Im busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.變化規(guī)則（一）陳述句的變化規(guī)則直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that（可省略）引導(dǎo)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。人稱的變化人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思例： 1. He said, “I like i

4、t very much. ” He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me,“ Ivleft my book in your room. ” He told me that he had left his book in my room.時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)例：“I dontwant to set down a series of facts in a diary,”said Anne. Anne said th

5、at she didntwant to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said, “Im using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife.注意：如果直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變，如：He said, “Light travels much faster than sound”.He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)thisthesenow

6、agotodayyesterdaytomorrowthe day after tomorrowcomeherethe day before yesterdaythatthosethenbefore/earlierthat daythe day beforethe next/following dayIn two days timegotheretwo days before/earlier(二 ) 祈使句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o 的不定式，并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order 等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面還要

7、加上not。例：The hostess said to us,“Please sit down”. The hostess asked us to sit down. He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑問(wèn)句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句， 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序， 句末用句號(hào)。一般疑問(wèn)句：如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 say 或 said 時(shí)，要改為 ask 或 asked,原問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛?if/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例 : “Do you think a diary can bec

8、ome your friend?”the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2) 特殊疑問(wèn)句：如果間接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)的引導(dǎo)詞，但疑問(wèn)句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍?。例：?What do you want?”he asked me. He asked me what I wantedUnit twoEnglish around the world一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. be different from 與 不同 be the same as與一樣2. one another

9、 相互，彼此（ =each other）3. official language 官方語(yǔ)言4. at the end of 在結(jié)束時(shí)5. because of 因?yàn)椋ê蠼用~或名詞性短語(yǔ)） because 因?yàn)椋ê蠼泳渥樱?. native speakers 說(shuō)母語(yǔ)的人7. be based on根據(jù)，依據(jù)8. at present 目前；當(dāng)今9. especially 特別，尤其 specially 專門地10. make use of 利用 make the best of 充分利用 11. a large number of 大量的，很多（作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）the number o

10、f 的數(shù)量（作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上13. believe it or not 信不信由你14. there is no such thing as 沒(méi)有這樣的事 15. be expected to被期待做某事16. play a part/role in 在起作用17. make lists of列清單18. included 包括（前面接包括的對(duì)象）Including 包括（后接包括的對(duì)象）19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事command + that 從句（

11、從句用 should+V 原）20. request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事request + that 從句 (從句用 should+V 原)二、語(yǔ)法 -英語(yǔ)中的命令（ command）語(yǔ)氣和請(qǐng)求 (request)語(yǔ)氣命令語(yǔ)氣 ：表示直接命令某人做某事，語(yǔ)氣比較重，不怎么禮貌，一般用于上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)例： 1. “Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open the window!請(qǐng)求語(yǔ)氣 ：表示請(qǐng)求某人做某事，語(yǔ)氣比較緩和，非常禮貌例： 1. “Would you like to see my flat?”She

12、asked.2. Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. travel-泛指旅行journey-指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)距離的陸上旅行voyage-指長(zhǎng)距離的水上旅行，也可以指乘飛機(jī)旅行 trip- 常指短時(shí)間短距離的旅行tour-指周游，巡回旅游，2. prefer to 更加喜歡，寧愿prefer A to B 比起 B ，更喜歡 Aprefer doing to doing 比起做 ，寧愿做 prefer to do rather than do 與其做 , 不如 3. flow through 流過(guò)，流經(jīng)4. ev

13、er since 自從5. persuade sb. to do sth.說(shuō)服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜歡7. insist on doing 堅(jiān)持做某事insist + that 從句（用 should+ V 原）8. care about 關(guān)心9. change ones mind 改變想法10. altitude 高度attitude 態(tài)度，看法11. make up ones mind to do 下定決心做某事= decide to do = make a decision to do12. give in 讓步，屈服give up 放棄13. be surprised

14、 to 對(duì) 感到驚奇to ones surprise 令某人驚訝的是 14. at last = finally = in the end 最終15. stop to do 停下來(lái)去做某事stop doing 停止做某事16. as usual 像往常一樣17. so that 如此 以至于 So + adj + a/an + n. + thatSuch + a/an +adj. + n. + that18. be familiar with 對(duì) 熟悉（人作主語(yǔ)）be familiar to 為 所熟悉（物作主語(yǔ)）二、語(yǔ)法 :現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)， 表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

15、，常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞有： come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等 .例： 1. Im coming. 我就來(lái)2. what are you doing next Sunday ?你下個(gè)星期天做什么？3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你將沿湄公河旅行4. Where are you staying at night? 你們晚上待在哪里 /Unit fourEarthquakes一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. right away 立刻，馬上（ = at o

16、nce = in no time）2. asleep 睡著的；熟睡地（ fall asleep 入睡） sleep 睡；睡眠sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/ as if 看來(lái)好像 ；似乎4. in ruins 成為廢墟5. the number of 的數(shù)量（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)） a number of 大量（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）6. rescue workers 營(yíng)救人員 Come to ones rescue 營(yíng)救某人7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間how often 多久，指平率how soon 還要多久（用于將來(lái)時(shí)當(dāng)中，用in+時(shí)間段回答）

17、9. hundreds of thousands of成千上萬(wàn)的10. dig out 挖出11. shake-泛指 “動(dòng)搖，震動(dòng) ”,常指左右、上下動(dòng)搖，也可以指人“震驚，顫抖”例： 1. She felt the earth shaking under him.2. She was shaken with anger.quake- 指較強(qiáng)烈的震動(dòng)，如地震例: The building quaked on its foundationTremble- 指人由于寒冷、恐懼、不安等引起的身體的抖動(dòng)或聲音的顫抖例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble a

18、nd tears begin to flow down hercheeks.Shiver- 多指寒冷引起的顫抖、哆嗦例： A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise (roserisen)- vi, 上升；升起，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； give rise to 引起Raise（raisedraised）- vt, 舉起；籌集；養(yǎng)育Arise ( arosearisen)-vt, 出現(xiàn)（常指問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象）13. injure- 常指因意外事故造成的損傷，也可以指感情上名譽(yù)上的傷害例： He was injured in a car accident.

19、harm- 泛指“傷害，損害” ，既可以指有生命的，也可以指無(wú)生命的例： 1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.2. His business was harmed for some reason. hurt- 既可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害例： 1. She hurt her leg when she fell.2. He felt hurt at your word.wound- 一般指槍傷、刀傷等在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受的傷例： The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepare

20、d for= make preparations for 為 做準(zhǔn)備15. in ones honor 向 表示敬意；為紀(jì)念Be/ feel honored to do 做 感到很榮幸16. make /give/ deliver a speech發(fā)言opening speech 開(kāi)幕詞17. give/ provide shelter to 向 提供庇護(hù)所seek shelter from 躲避18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，發(fā)生happen to do sth. 偶然；碰巧happen -指偶然發(fā)生take place-指事先計(jì)劃好的事情發(fā)生二、語(yǔ)法 -定語(yǔ)從句概

21、念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。成分：先行詞，即被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞； 關(guān)系代詞： that，which ，who(賓格為 whom,所有格為 whose)；或者關(guān)系副詞 where，when，why 等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起著連接主從句的作用。1. 關(guān)系代詞 that 的用法關(guān)系代詞 that 在定語(yǔ)從句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主語(yǔ)，也能做賓語(yǔ)例： 1）A plane is a machine that can fly. 指(物，作主語(yǔ) )2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 指(物，

22、作賓語(yǔ) )3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there?指(人，作主語(yǔ) )4）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人，作賓語(yǔ) )2. 關(guān)系代詞 which 的用法關(guān)系代詞 which 在定語(yǔ)從句中只能指物，但既可以做賓語(yǔ)也能作主語(yǔ)例： 1） They planted some trees which didntneed much water. 作(主語(yǔ) )2） The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (

23、作賓語(yǔ) )3. 關(guān)系代詞 who，whom 的用法關(guān)系代詞 who,whom 只能指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)例： 1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.作(主語(yǔ) )2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語(yǔ) )、4. 關(guān)系代詞 whose在的用法關(guān)系代詞 whose為關(guān)系代詞 who 的所有格形式， 其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物， whose 和它所修飾的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中既可以做主語(yǔ)也可以做賓語(yǔ)。例： 1） This is the scientist w

24、hose name is known all over the world. 指(人，作主語(yǔ) )2） The room whose window faces south is mine. 指(物，作主語(yǔ) )3） He has written a book whose nameI ve forgotten. (指物，作賓語(yǔ) )5. 關(guān)系副詞 when 的用法關(guān)系副詞 when 在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例：1）Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.2) Do you remember the afte

25、rnoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?6. 關(guān)系副詞 where 在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法關(guān)系副詞 where 在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)例： 1）This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasntvery clean.7. 關(guān)系副詞 why 在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法關(guān)系副詞 why 在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)例 : 1). I didntget a pay rise, but this wasntthe reason why(= for which) I left. 2). The reason why (=for which) he has late