高中必修一直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)詳解(共4頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)從句）1 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的定義。 直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人的話叫直接引語(yǔ)， 間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語(yǔ)。 直接引語(yǔ)前后加引號(hào)；間接引語(yǔ)不必加引號(hào)。 He said, “ Im a student.” （直接引語(yǔ) ）  He said that he was a student. （間接引語(yǔ)） 主句 從句 主句 從句2 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句變間接引語(yǔ)形成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，首先要注意用特殊疑問(wèn)詞，其后用陳述語(yǔ)序的句子，同時(shí)注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，連接詞，語(yǔ)序的變化.（一）人稱的變化規(guī)則：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。一隨

2、主引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人 稱變間引后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱保 持一致He says,” I like math very much .  He says that he likes math very much . 二隨賓引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主 句賓語(yǔ)的人稱保 持一致He said to Lily, “ you must get  up early” He told Lily that  she

3、 must get up  early 三不用變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人 稱在變間引后去人 稱不變She said to me , “ They want to help him”  She told me that  they wanted  help him（二）時(shí)態(tài)變化 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)則：主現(xiàn)從不限；主過(guò)從四

4、過(guò)（即4種過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)）； 客觀真理，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。1.主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。     2.主句過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)改成 一般過(guò)去時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)改成 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)； 一般將來(lái)時(shí)改成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí)。3.主句過(guò)去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。  Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth." Teache

5、r told us the moon moves round the earth.主句的時(shí)態(tài) 從句的時(shí)態(tài) 例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) He says所需的任何時(shí)態(tài) He says,” he likes math very much .  He says that he likes math very much 一般過(guò)去時(shí) He said 直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)He said, “ he is a student.” He said that he was a student現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)He said,“he is reading.”He said that he was

6、reading一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)He said,“he will go home”He said that he would go home一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)He said，“he went home”He said that he had gone home現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)He said，“he has gone home”He said that he had gone home過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)He said，“he had gone home”He said that he had gone home(三)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞thisthesethatthos

7、e時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next day/ the following daythe next week/ the following week地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞comebringgotake(四)連接詞   1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，

8、直接與主句相連。    2從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。    3從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問(wèn)代、副詞作連接詞。    注意：當(dāng)who為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句式為：who+謂語(yǔ)+其他直接引語(yǔ) 連接詞 例句注意事項(xiàng) 陳述句 that（常省略） He said to me, “ you can help her.” He said to me (that) I could help her.1. 連

9、接詞：that2.引述動(dòng)詞said, said to sbtold sb,等一般疑問(wèn)句if / whether.“是否”He asked her, “ Do you love me?” He asked her whether she loved him.1.改為“陳述語(yǔ)序”。2.引述動(dòng)詞asked3.去掉Do, Does, Did改變Are, Is, Will, Can位置特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞：what, who,why,how, which,when He asked his wife, “How are you?” He asked his wife how she

10、was.He asked me, “ What color do you like?” He asked me what color I liked.1.改為“陳述語(yǔ)序”2.去掉Do, Does, Did改變Are, Is, Will, Can位置祈使句肯定ask (tell) sb. to do sthHe shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.” He told Lily to close the door.1. 不用連接詞2. 不改變時(shí)態(tài)。3. 無(wú)須考慮語(yǔ)序否定ask (tell) sb. not to do sth. He said to

11、me, “Dont be late.” He asked me not to be late.注意：1. 語(yǔ)序不變的有：What the matter with you? Whats wrong with you? 但Whats the trouble with you?的語(yǔ)序要變 1）從句中有or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。2.只用 whether 2）與不定式to do 連用。例：I cant decide whether to tell him the news 3) 在介詞后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house 用法是有區(qū)別的，但當(dāng)if/whether同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中的時(shí)候，我們要選whether3.賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序：陳語(yǔ)述序，即：連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它。 或 連接詞（此時(shí)連接詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)）+謂語(yǔ)+其它。 陳述語(yǔ)序中： be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能提到主語(yǔ)前。例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (錯(cuò)） can you tell me where