賓語(yǔ)從句直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

1、賓語(yǔ)從句 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) 八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)備課組一、 明確三種類(lèi)型    賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)其引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類(lèi)型：    1. 由連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如：He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday.    2. 由連詞if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如：    Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week?3. 由 which, when等連接代詞或連接副

2、詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如：    I dont know how I can get there.二、 理順三個(gè)步驟    把兩個(gè)單句組成含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句時(shí)，合并變化應(yīng)遵循以下三個(gè)步驟：1. 確定引導(dǎo)詞    根據(jù)從句的句子類(lèi)型選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。若從句為陳述句，則引導(dǎo)詞為that(that在口語(yǔ)中常省略)；若從句是一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句或反意疑問(wèn)句，則引導(dǎo)詞為if或whether；若從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，則引導(dǎo)詞由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞。    2. 調(diào)整語(yǔ)序 

3、   賓語(yǔ)從句永遠(yuǎn)是陳述句語(yǔ)序。若原句是疑問(wèn)句式，則應(yīng)將它調(diào)整為陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：    1) Is he going to the shop?  I want to know.(改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)       I want to know if/whether he is going to the shop.    2) When does he get up?  Do you know?  (改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句) 

4、      Do you know when he gets up?    3. 變換時(shí)態(tài)    A. 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：    1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow.    2) I think (that) they have already gone to Beijing.  &

5、#160; B. 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式（如：一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等）。如：    1) She asked if/whether he was leaving for Shanghai soon.    2) He said (that) they had a very good journey.    另外，還需考慮標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用和人稱的變化。    A. 帶賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句來(lái)決定。若主句是

6、陳述句，則用句號(hào)；若主句是疑問(wèn)句，則用問(wèn)號(hào)。如：    1) When do we arrive?  We dont know.  (改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)       We dont know when we arrive.    2) What time does the ship leave?  Do you know?  (改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)       Do you k

7、now what time the ship leaves?    B. 需變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句的句子的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱，則隨主句的主語(yǔ)變（主句主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱，則賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榈趲兹朔Q）；如果是第二人稱，則隨主句的賓語(yǔ)變（主句賓語(yǔ)是第幾人稱，則賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榈趲兹朔Q）；如果是第三人稱，則不要變（賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)仍用第三人稱）。如：    1) Shall I go there? He asked me.   (改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)       

8、;He asked me if/whether he would go there.    2) Will you go there? He asked me. (改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)        He asked me if/whether I would go there.    3) Will she go there? He asked me. (改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)        He

9、asked me if/whether she would go there.三、加強(qiáng)三點(diǎn)注意    1. 時(shí)態(tài)不變    當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀事實(shí)或科學(xué)真理等時(shí)，不論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：    The earth goes around the sun.  The teacher said.  (改為賓語(yǔ)從句)    The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.

10、60;   2. “兩副面孔”    if和when等既能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。因此，碰到此種情況要認(rèn)真分析看它們屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一種。當(dāng)從句表示將來(lái)時(shí), 若引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，它們的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；若引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句，它們的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：     1) I dont know if/when he will come tomorrow.(賓語(yǔ)從句)    2) If/When he comes, hell tell you about it.(

11、狀語(yǔ)從句)    3. 從句的簡(jiǎn)化    A. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope, wish, decide, choose, agree等，且主句與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：    He agreed that he could help me with my English.     He agreed to help me with my English.    B. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hear, see, watch等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，

12、從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或v-ing形式。如：    I heard that some children sang / were singing some songs.    I heard some children sing/singing some songs.    C. 在疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)相一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：    I dont know what I shoul

13、d do.     I dont know what to do.1.Can you see_?  A. what hes reading B. what is he reading  C. what does he read D. he reads what2._What did your son say in the letter?  _He told me that he_ the Disney would the next day  A.will visit B. has vi

14、sited  C. is going to visit D. would visit  3.He didnt know_  A.whats the matter B.what the matter is  C. what was the matter D. what the matter was  4.Somebody called you just now,but I didnt know_  A.who were they B. who they were &#

15、160;C. who was it D. who it was  5.I want to know_  A.what is his name B. whats his name  C. that his name is D. what his name is   6.-Could you tell me _she is looking for?  -Her cousin,susan.  A.that B.whose C .who D.which  7.-W

16、hat are you searching the Internet for?  -Im trying to find out_.  A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU  B.How many persons have died in Iraq  C.How to protect our environment  D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea.  

17、【自主測(cè)評(píng)】一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3.There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _

18、 a meeting in five days.4.Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5. Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.I don't know _ he still _ in that street. 12. What's his name? I a

19、sked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.二 、運(yùn)用賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序的知識(shí)，完成下列選擇填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colo

20、r was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for t

21、he car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiti

22、ng for  D. where you live in( )6. I can't understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I don't know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.

23、 why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got( )9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is    D. what's the matter( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens   B. where did it happen C. how it happened &

24、#160;  D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do   B. what should we do C. how to do it       D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check  B. to check  C. h

25、ow to check  D. to how checking( )13.They don't know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, I've no idea. A./, bought   B. has, bought   C. did, buy   D. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has cha

26、nged a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another  B. what, more  C. how ,other  D. what, another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been    B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been

27、60;  D. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, we'll visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain      B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains     D. will you have/ rains( )18. I

28、really don't know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives    B. finds/ will arrive   C. will find/ will arrive   D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what( )20. He asked

29、me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be held( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if( )2

30、2. You must remember _.A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said( )23. I dont know _ . A. which room I can live B. which room can I liveC. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry

31、 , I dont . When he _back , Ill tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will comeC. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come( )25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone

32、 C. has never been D. had never been( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are ( )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that( )29.I don't know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( )30. Do

33、 you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how             五、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me wher

34、e the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he _ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ (swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he _ (finish) his work already.8. They thought they could _ (hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was

35、 glad that so many people _ (help) him.10. She doesnt know whether _ (go) or wait.直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)本課時(shí)重難點(diǎn)突破預(yù)案：（一）語(yǔ)法突破：語(yǔ)法：直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的方法。語(yǔ)法：引述某人的話一般采用兩種形式：一種是直接引語(yǔ)，直接引述別人的話；另一種是間接引語(yǔ)，即用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。 一、 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)（1）陳述句的間接引語(yǔ) 直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，引述動(dòng)詞通常是say, tell等。與此同時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和其

36、他方面也要相應(yīng)有所變化。1.人稱的變化：The foreigner said to me, “I like Beijing very much.”那老外告訴我：“我很喜歡北京?！?The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.那老外告訴我說(shuō)他（她）很喜歡北京。2時(shí)態(tài)的變化如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上要作相應(yīng)的變化。如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)則無(wú)需變化。時(shí)態(tài)變化的一般規(guī)律如下表：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去

37、將來(lái)時(shí)Cancouldmaymight3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化。見(jiàn)課本P100-101.（2） 疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ) 1一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用陳述語(yǔ)序，并要加連詞if 或 whether，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)，要改為asked。沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)的，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)（me,him或us），句末不用問(wèn)號(hào)。 My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music？” 我老師問(wèn)我：你喜歡美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)嗎？  My teacher asked me if/whether I liked A

38、merican country music. 我老師問(wèn)我是否喜歡美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)。 （3）特殊疑問(wèn)句：間接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，由相應(yīng)的連接詞who,what,whose,how,when,why,where等引導(dǎo)，注意從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用ask。 He asked, “How do you like it？” 他問(wèn)：你覺(jué)得怎樣？ He asked me how I liked it. 他問(wèn)我覺(jué)得它怎樣。  She asked me, “What's the matter with you？” 她問(wèn)我：你怎么啦？  She asked me what was the matter wit