高考英語(yǔ)第二輪專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

1、高考英語(yǔ)第二輪專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 短 文 改 錯(cuò)（1） “短文改錯(cuò)”題是各類考試中的一個(gè)重要題型。盡管該題難度不大，但仍有一些同學(xué)在做此類題目時(shí)不得要領(lǐng)，因而得分甚少。結(jié)合高考試題，對(duì)“短文改錯(cuò)”題中的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤加以分析，從中找出命題者設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤的規(guī)律并介紹一些解題技巧。 一、“短文改錯(cuò)”題中的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類型 (一) 名詞方面的錯(cuò)誤 名詞方面的錯(cuò)誤多指名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯(cuò)誤，名詞所有格中“s”的誤置等。例如: 1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 2. In summer, the sea under the

2、blue skies is even more beautiful. 3. . youve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life. 4. . but she marked strictly on students actual performance . (二) 動(dòng)詞方面的錯(cuò)誤 動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯(cuò)誤包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤；易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤；動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤；動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，以及動(dòng)詞的句型搭配錯(cuò)誤等。在改錯(cuò)題中，動(dòng)詞方面的考查比例較大。例如: 1

3、. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . 2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. 3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill. 4. Ill send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport. (三) 形容詞、副詞方面的錯(cuò)誤 這類錯(cuò)誤多指誤用形容詞修飾形容詞，誤用副詞修飾名

4、詞，誤用形容詞修飾動(dòng)詞，誤用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等，特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級(jí)而未用的“暗中比較”。例如: 1. They came back lately and had some tea. 2. you always gave me specially attention . 3. . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. 4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different f

5、rom . 5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights. 6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school. (四) 連詞方面的錯(cuò)誤 短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性一致問(wèn)題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and, or, but, not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither

6、nor, as well as等，though不與but連用，because不與so連用等。 1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 2. I became very active but made new friends. 3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite. 4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down im

7、mediately. 5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again. (五) 代詞方面的錯(cuò)誤 這類錯(cuò)誤主要包括形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用，關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用，代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用，代詞單數(shù)與代詞復(fù)數(shù)的誤用，各個(gè)不定代詞之間的誤用，反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用，代詞的指代錯(cuò)誤，定語(yǔ)從句中多用代詞等。 1. . the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves. 2. a lot of white birds come to my city fo

8、r food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long . 3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry. 4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted . 5. I just smiled to me and thought . 6. your li

9、fe in your country is quite different from me. 7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. Key: 1. histheir 2. IThey 3. theyhe 4. theywe 5. memyself 6. memine 7. thatwhich (六) 介詞方面的錯(cuò)誤 這類錯(cuò)誤多指漏掉介詞、多用介詞或介詞與其他詞語(yǔ)搭配的錯(cuò)誤等。例如: 1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised . 2.

10、 He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves . 4. . he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes . 5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street. 6. Could you share your experience for us? 7. My moth

11、er was a career woman and had her own problems to take care. (七) 冠詞方面的錯(cuò)誤 這類錯(cuò)誤多指a(n)與the的誤用，a與an的誤用。有時(shí)也表現(xiàn)為:單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面該用冠詞的地方缺少冠詞，不該用冠詞的地方多了冠詞。例如: 1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784. 2. the popular teacher is at same time the one who

12、 should be strict with . 3. And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go to the prison. 4. so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun. (八) 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的錯(cuò)誤 這類錯(cuò)誤主要為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的誤用。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)注意把握文中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律，注意把握諸個(gè)并列動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律。例如: 1. We had guests last night who have not s

13、tayed in a B&B hotel before. 2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college. 3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “Were having dinner .” 4. sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on. 5. Ill send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arriv

14、ed. (九) 主謂一致方面的錯(cuò)誤 這類錯(cuò)誤主要指主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的錯(cuò)誤。因此做題時(shí)，要注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要和句子主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如: 1. “I just want to know what the sign say.” 2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. 3. Here are the information about Manchester University. 4. What may surprise you are that Im going to . (十) 短語(yǔ)、句型固定搭配錯(cuò)誤 主要考查介詞

15、與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞，英語(yǔ)中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。 1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. 2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. 3. I thought that was dull to watch a game 二、解題技巧 要想做好“短文改錯(cuò)”題，不妨試試分成“四步走”，遵循“四原則”，實(shí)施“四查法”。具體做法如下: (一) 分成“四步走” 1. 通讀全文，了解大意。注意語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)和行文

16、邏輯。不能在不了解文章大意的情況下，逐字逐行地進(jìn)行修改。 2. 先易后難，縮小范圍。在通讀全文的過(guò)程中，可以先把文中明顯的錯(cuò)誤找出來(lái)改正，然后再根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境，仔細(xì)分析判斷，將注意力集中在較難的句子上。 3. 把握句意，逐行判斷?？梢罁?jù)“動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)，注意形和副；非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記??；句子結(jié)構(gòu)多分析，邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注”的口訣。 4. 再次通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。把大部分錯(cuò)誤改正之后，如果還有拿不準(zhǔn)的地方，就應(yīng)再次通讀全文，并利用語(yǔ)感來(lái)做最后的判斷。 縱觀近幾年的“短文改錯(cuò)”題，多詞和缺詞的地方約有2處；用錯(cuò)詞的地方一般有8個(gè)。這種比例或許也能幫助你做出最后判斷。 (二) 遵循“四原則” 1.

17、改動(dòng)處以最少為原則?！岸涛母腻e(cuò)”題要求每行只能改動(dòng)一處，改動(dòng)的方法可以是增詞、刪詞或換詞，但無(wú)論作何種改動(dòng)，只能是增加一詞、減少一詞或把一個(gè)詞改成另一個(gè)詞。當(dāng)然，沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的行無(wú)需改動(dòng)。也就是說(shuō)，每行改動(dòng)之處不能超過(guò)一個(gè)。 2. 實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則。在“短文改錯(cuò)”題中，一般只是改變實(shí)詞的形式，而不能改變實(shí)詞的詞義，也不能將其改換成另一個(gè)實(shí)詞，更不能隨便增刪。例如: The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . Yes, it is clearly that your life in your countr

18、y is quite different from . 3. 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則。歷年的“短文改錯(cuò)”題中需要添加或刪除的地方差不多有3至4處。這些需要添、刪的詞一般都是虛詞(如冠詞、介詞等)，不是實(shí)詞(如動(dòng)詞、名詞等)，否則會(huì)改變句子的原意。例如: They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early . He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 4. 以保持句子原意不變?yōu)樵瓌t。做“短文改錯(cuò)”題時(shí)，一般不應(yīng)改變句子原意。改錯(cuò)時(shí)，應(yīng)該針對(duì)短文中的用詞錯(cuò)誤、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤、邏輯錯(cuò)誤

19、加以改正，不應(yīng)更改作者的原意。做到換詞不改意，加詞不增意，去詞不減意。如有多種改法，應(yīng)以保持原意為條件，擇其佳者而從之。例如： But I have spent most my money, so I cannot(四川卷) 改正：在my前加of。也有同學(xué)去掉most，這種改法雖改正了語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，但改變了原意。作者想說(shuō)的是“花掉了大部分的錢(qián)，而不是全部”。2013遼寧高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解析：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞模擬單句演練：（1） In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.（2） Its very difficult for a forei

20、gner learn Chinese.（3） It was silly of you believe what he said.（4） He was made wash the bosss car once a day.（5） Ill let you to know as soon as I hear from her.（6） I waved to her but failed attract her attention.（7） I have already seen the film twice. I dont want see it any more.（8） What I want kno

21、w is when all this happened.（9） It was clear that he wanted be alone. （10） Most children are interested in listen to stories.（11） Walk quickly is difficult for an old man.（13） Be careful in cross the street.（14） The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice.（15） Find work is very difficult the

22、se days.（16） Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English.（17） Look， some of my classmates are practising speak English over there.（18） Teach a child to sing and dance is very interesting.（19） Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.（20） My friend Jim is very good at making t

23、hings and repair things.（21） He decided to go to the south， find a good job and living there.（22） It was very kind of you to buy us some much fruit and seeing us at the station.（23） Excuse me， would you to tell me the way to the zoo？2013遼寧高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解析：從句及并列連詞模擬單句演練：（1） He is the man his car was stol

24、en.（2） Thats the hotel which we were staying last summer.（3） Thats the palace where we visited last summer. （4） I suddenly woke up in mid-night. And it was a long time I got to sleep again.（5） In the past few years when weve planted thousands of trees along the river.（6） At the airport where all the

25、 baggage must be examined.（7） He wrote me a letter and asked I was getting on.（8） She stayed in France for 10 years. Thats she spoke French so well.（9） Its really a beautiful place， where everyone hopes to visit.（10） It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it.2013遼寧高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解析：代詞模擬單句演練：（

26、1） Here are some letters for you and he.（2） She loves swimming. It keeps she fit.（3） Here are the cats Auntie brought us. Take good care of it.（4） Everyone here gets up earlier than her does.（5） Here is my dog. Its name is Petty.（6） He opened mouth as if to say something.（7） Dont lose your heart. Tr

27、y again.（8） The Smiths have been married， but have no children of his own.（9） I tell him everything， for he is a good friend of me.（10） He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers.（11） When you are away from home， you should look after you.（12） If you have any question， put up hand.（13） Its a very im

28、portant thing. You must think over carefully.（14） I dont like these； please show me some other.（15） In order to catch the thief， the police did his best.（16） This is the book which you bought it for me ten years ago.（17） Im very sorry about all the whole thing.（18） When I got up， I found parents wer

29、e preparing breakfast for me.（19） Yes， money is very important， but it is not anything.（20） At the airport， all his baggage was stolen， but soon he got them back.2013遼寧高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞模擬單句演練：（1） I want to know how long the book can be keep.（2） Dont worry. Your child is well looking after here.（3） All

30、 the invitations must sent out today.（4） You are an expert on this. You might invited to speak at the meeting.（5） The public have a right to know what in the report.（6） What the English for this？ Can anyone tell me？（7） He says that he likes singing and that he wants to a singer.（8） He is a nice girl

31、. Youre certain to happy with her.（9） I use to play tennis a lot but I dont play very often now.（10） He has changed a lot. He is not what he was used to be.（11） It was very cold. The snow lied thick on the ground.（12） There will have an English film in the school hall tonight.（13） After that， the bo

32、y decided not to a sailor.（14） After supper， my father would go out for a walk and then come back to see newspapers. （15） Hear to me carefully. What Im saying is very important. 2013遼寧高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解析：多詞模擬單句演練：（1） I come from Zhongshan, and so I am currently a student at DSYSMMS.（2） My favorite pastime

33、is by listening to music, especially classical music.（3） I am majoring in educational psychology and to hope to be a teacher in the future.（4） My hobbies are reading books and travelling, in which I find very interesting.（5） Since that I am the only child in my family, I am quite independent獨(dú)立性強(qiáng)的.（6

34、） I deeply believe in that I can succeed in the near future.（7） Many interests as I have, English is what that I like most.（8） I want to keep on with learning new things to increase my ability and broaden my horizons（9） One hour in the morning is worth the two in the evening.（10）The number of people

35、 who has watched the game was not more than a hundred.（11） Susan doesnt feel quite well, for which she is having an ache in her heart.（12） How did you get on well with your study at school?（13） I used to get really sun burnt from playing outside all the day.（14） It is not known for certain whether s

36、he is still living on.（15） An important meeting was held, Mr Chen sat in the chair.（16） It is eight or nine chances out of ten for that he will win.（17） The shop has been changed hands.（18） The driver was in the charge of the car.（19） The merchant made money by his buying cheap and selling dear.（20）

37、 Would you like to check it over the proofs of this book?2013遼寧高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解析：冠詞模擬單句演練：（1） Her sister，who is nurse，will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.（2） It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.（3） It was raining hard， so I had to borrow a umbrella.（4） My friend Mary comes

38、 from an European country.（5） Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.（6） In small village like this，everybody knows everybody else.（7） Only few of the children can read such books.（8） For long time neither of us spoke to each other.（9） Look， a girl in blue is my cousin.（10） Look！

39、A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful.（11） She asked whether we came from a same city.（12） The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round.（13） You dont know what wonderful time weve had.（14） People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.（15） Soon the plane was out of the sight. （16） Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978.（17） In the word， he is a good student and all of us like him.（18） You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words， you stole it.2013遼寧