小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)大全及練習(xí)題

1、時(shí)間名詞前所用介詞的速記歌年月周前要用 in ，日子前面卻不行。遇到幾號(hào)要用 on，上午下午又是in。要說(shuō)某日上下午，用on 換 in 才能行。午夜黃昏須用 at，黎明用它也不錯(cuò)。at 也用在明分前，說(shuō)“差”可要用上to，說(shuō)“過”只可使用past，多說(shuō)多練牢牢記，莫讓歲月空蹉跎。下面就時(shí)間概念的介詞用法做一簡(jiǎn)要介紹和比較。1at 表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。 （在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等） 。 at 1：00（dawn， midnight ，noon）在一點(diǎn)鐘（黎明、午夜、中午）these are our chief tasks at the present stage這些就是我們現(xiàn)階段的主要任務(wù)。2

2、on1）表示具體日期。they arrived in shanghai on may25他們?cè)谖逶露迦盏竭_(dá)上海。注：（1）關(guān)于 "在周末 "的幾種表示法：at（on）the weekend在周末 - 特指at（on）weekends over the weekend during the weekend在周末 -泛指在整個(gè)周末在周末期間（ 2）在圣誕節(jié)，應(yīng)說(shuō)"at christmas而不說(shuō) "on christmas2）在（剛）的時(shí)候。on reaching the city he called up his parents一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)

3、電話。3in1）表示 "時(shí)段 "、" 時(shí)期 "，在多數(shù)情況下可以和 dur- ing 互換，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in（during）1988（december， the 20th century）在一九八八年（十二月、二十世紀(jì)）i returned to beijing in the middle of june 我是六月中回北京的。但如果表示 "在某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的期間 "，則只能用 during。during my military service （the trip）在我服役期間（在旅行期間）2）表示以說(shuō)話時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)的 &qu

4、ot;（若干時(shí)間）以后 "，常用作將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如這時(shí)要表示 "（若干時(shí)間）內(nèi) "，常用 within 。比較：the meeting will end in 30minutes（三十分鐘后）會(huì)議三十分鐘后結(jié)束。can you finish it within 30minutes？（三十分鐘內(nèi)）你能在三十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這件事嗎？但在過去時(shí)態(tài)中， in 可用于表 "在若干時(shí)間以內(nèi) "，這時(shí)不要誤用 during。 the job was done during a week（wrong）the job was done in a week

5、（right ）這工作在一星期內(nèi)就完成了。4after 表示 "在（某具體時(shí)間）以后 "，注意不要和 in 的 2）意混淆。after supper（ 8 oclock，the war）晚飯（八點(diǎn)、戰(zhàn)）后 比較： he will be back in two hours他將在兩個(gè)小時(shí)以后回來(lái)。he returned tohis hometown after the war戰(zhàn)后他回到了故鄉(xiāng)。5for 表示 "（動(dòng)作延續(xù)）若干時(shí)間 "，有時(shí)可省略。 i stayed in london（ for）two days on my way to new york在

6、去紐約的途中，我在倫敦呆了兩天。6since 表示 "自（某具體時(shí)間）以來(lái) "，常用作完成時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。since liberation（1980）自從解放（1980 年）以來(lái) they have been close friends since childhood他們從小就是好朋友。 注：（ 1） since the war 是指 "自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來(lái) "，若指 "自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開始以來(lái) " ，須說(shuō) "since the beginning of the war"。（ 2）不要將 since 與 after 混淆。

7、比較： he has worked here since 1965（指一段時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段）自從 1965 年以來(lái)，他一直在這兒工作。 he began to work here after 1965（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間， 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)）從 1965 年以后，他開始在這兒工作。7by 表示 "到的時(shí)候 "，其謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的用法：動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞常用完成時(shí)態(tài)；狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（ be）常用一般時(shí)態(tài)。比較：by noon，everybody had（will have ）arrived there by noon，everybody were（ will be ） there 到中午的時(shí)候，大家都（將）到那

8、兒了。 以上探討了介詞表示時(shí)間概念時(shí)的用法和比較， 上述介詞除表示時(shí)間概念外還有其他的用法， 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者必須掌握其各種用法，才能靈活運(yùn)用，提高自己的語(yǔ)言能力。小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)（一）一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加 -s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以 s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加 -es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3 以 “ 輔 音 字 母 +y ” 結(jié) 尾， 變 y 為 i, 再 加 -es ，如 ： family-families, str

9、awberry-strawberries4以“ f 或 fe”結(jié)尾，變 f 或 fe 為 v, 再加 -es，如： knife-knives5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _d

10、iary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 如：I get up at six every day我.每天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如： The earth goes around

11、the sun地.球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1. be 動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ) +be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ) +行為動(dòng)詞 (+其它 )。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù) (he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加 "-s" 或 "-es"。如：Mary likesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1. be 動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ) + be + not +其它。如： He is not a worker他.不是工人。一般疑問句： Be +主語(yǔ)

12、+其它。如： -Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞 +一般疑問句。如： Where is my bike?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ) + don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形 (+其它 )。如：I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑問句： Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形 +其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Y

13、es, I do. / No, I don't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞 +一般疑問句。如： How does your father go to work?動(dòng)詞 +s 的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加 -s，如： cook-cooks, milk-milks2以 s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加 -es，如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches,g

14、o-goes3以“輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i, 再加 -es，如： study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練 :一、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday

15、.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mik

16、e _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. I m staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su

17、 Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改寫句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.改(為否定句 )_2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答 )_3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答 )_4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答 )_5. We go to school e

18、very morning.改(為否定句 )_6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句 )_7. I like taking photos in the park.(對(duì)劃線部分提問 )_8. John comes from Canada對(duì).(劃線部分提問 )_9. She is always a good student改.(為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句 )_五、改錯(cuò) (劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1.Is your brother speak English?_

19、2.Does he likes going fishing?_3.He likes play games after class._4.Mr. Wu teachs us English._5. She don t do her homework on Sundays. _三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞 ing.3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be 后加 not。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞不達(dá)意+ be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 in

20、g?但疑問詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞不達(dá)意+ be + 動(dòng)詞 ing?動(dòng)詞加 ing 的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如： cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾，去 e 加 ing，如： make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如： run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_write_ _ski_read_ have_ sing_ dance_put_ see_ buy _

21、love_live_ take_ come _get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice foodnow.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.

22、Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. It s5o clock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .分(別改成一般疑問句和否定句 )_2The students are cleaning the classroom . 改(一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im

23、playing the football in the playground .(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問 )_4Tom is reading books in his study . 對(duì)(劃線部分進(jìn)行提問 )_四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)： be going to + do； will+ do.三、否定句：在 be 動(dòng)詞（ am, is, are）l 后加 no

24、t 或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 will 后加 not 成 won t。例如： Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑問句： be 或 will 提到句首， some改為 any, and改為 or，第一二人稱互換。例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、對(duì)劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情

25、況。1. 問人。 Who 例如： Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New Yorksoon.2. 問干什么。 What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 問什么時(shí)候。 When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she goingto bed?六、同義句： be going to

26、 = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天） . = I will go swimming tomorrow.填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。2. 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛 ? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. 你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes, she _. She _ _

27、 _ buy some fruit.4. 你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping（.改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定）7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow（.改一般疑問句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30（.改一般疑問句）_ _ meet at the

28、 bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school（.對(duì)劃線部分提問）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow同.(上 )_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon

29、.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He_ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and_(catch) insects?15. It sFriday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She_ (watch) TV and _ (catch) inse

30、cts.16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my study now.五、一般過去時(shí)1一般過去時(shí)表

31、示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2Be 動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化： am 和 is 在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)?was。（was not=wasn t） are 在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)?were。（were not=werent）帶有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和 is, am, are一樣，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑問句把 was 或 were 調(diào)到句首。3句中沒有 be 動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子否定句： didnt +動(dòng)詞原形，如： Jim didn t go home ye

32、sterday.一般疑問句：在句首加 did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。如： Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問句：疑問詞 +did+ 主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑問詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問詞+動(dòng)詞過去式？如： Who went to home yesterday?動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加 -ed，如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是 e 加 d，如： taste-tasted3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop-stop

33、ped4以“輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的，變 y 為 i ， 再加 -ed，如： study-studied 過去時(shí)練習(xí)寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do_Be 動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（ 1）一、 用 be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ at school just now.2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ag

34、o.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. It was exciting.否定句： _一般疑問句： _肯、否定回答： _2. All the students were very ex

35、cited.否定句： _一般疑問句： _肯、否定回答： _3. They were in his pocket.否定句： _一般疑問句： _肯、否定回答： _Be 動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（ 2）一、用 be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, ther

36、e _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _Children s Day. All the students _ very excited.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句： _一般疑問句： _肯、否定回答： _肯、否定回答： _三、 中譯英1我的故事書剛才還在手表旁邊。_2他們的外套上個(gè)禮拜放

37、在臥室里了。_3一會(huì)以前花園里有兩只小鳥。_行為動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）一、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom l

38、ast PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句： _一般疑問句： _肯、否定回答： _2. Nancy went to school early.否定句： _一般疑問句： _肯、否定回答： _3. We sang some English songs.否定句： _一般疑問句： _肯、否定回答： _行為

39、動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）Name _ No. _ Date _一、用 be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _(find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.