2014高考英語語法專項復習素材：第1講主謂一致]

1、第1章主謂一致一.概念:主謂一致是指:1）語法形式上要一致，即單復數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2）意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致。3）就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用動詞復數(shù)。例如:Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.但當不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如:Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.二.有關知識點精講1.并列結構作主語時謂語用復數(shù)，例如:Readingandwritingareveryimportant.

2、讀寫很重要。注意:當主語由and連結時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如:Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。典型例題TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor_askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案B.注:先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應用過去時，先排除A.，C。本題易誤選D，由于TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是兩

3、個人，但仔細辨別，monitor前沒有the，在英語中，當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。后面的職務用and相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應選B。2.主謂一致中的靠近原則1)當therebe句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.班上有二十個男孩，二十三個女孩。2）當eitheror與neithernor，連接兩個主語時

4、，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:Eitheryouorsheistogo.不是你去，就是她去。Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.給你筆、信封和紙。3.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致當主語有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等詞組成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.教

5、師和一些學生在參觀工廠。HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我想去劃船。4.謂語需用單數(shù)的情況1）代詞each以及由every,some,no,any等構成的復合代詞作主語時，或主語中含有each,every時,謂語需用單數(shù)。例如:Eachofushasatape-recorder.我們每人都有錄音機。Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表壞了。2）當主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.天方夜譚是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。3）表示金錢，

6、時間，價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如:Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.用三個星期來做準備。Tenyuanisenough.十元夠了。5.指代意義決定謂語的單復數(shù)1）代詞what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等詞的單復數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復數(shù)決定。例如:Allisright.一切順利。Allarepresent.人都到齊了。2）集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, c

7、rowd, class, company, committee等詞后，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式時強調(diào)這個集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時強調(diào)該集體的整體。例如：His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。His family are music lovers.他家個個都是音樂愛好者。但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復數(shù)形式。例如：Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎？3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority

8、 等有時看作單數(shù)，有時看作復數(shù)。例如：A number of +名詞復數(shù)+復數(shù)動詞。The number of +名詞復數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。Mo

9、st of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學生積極參與體育運動。2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報道了一連串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由mor

10、e than of 作主語時，動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如：Many a person has read the novel.許多人讀過這本書。More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學生來自這個城市。三.鞏固練習（ C ） 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were, was B. was, wasC. was, were D. were, w

11、ere（ A ） 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have playedC. are playing D. play（ C ） 3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, areC. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are（ B ） 4. Ten minutes _

12、a long time for one who waits.A. seem B. seemsC. seemed D. are seemed（ A ） 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a driving license.A. has B. haveC. is having D. are having（ B ） 6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbours.A. is B. are C. were D. be（ B ）7. In my opinion, some of the news _ unbelievab

13、le.A. are B. is C. has been D. have been（ C ）8. When _ the United Nations founded?A. is B. are C. was D. were（ B ）9. Every possible means _ .A. has tried B. has been triedC. was tried D. were tried（ C ） 10. What she says and does _ nothing to do with me.A. was B. were C. has D. have（ D ）11. There _

14、a dictionary and several books on the desk.A. are B. must C. have been D. is（ C ）12. Nobody _ seen the film. Its a pity.A. but Tom and Jack have B. except Tom and Jack haveC. but my friends has D. but I have（ B ）13. No teacher and no student _A. are admitted B. is admittedC. are admitting D. is admi

15、tting（ D ）14. All but one _ here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were（ A ）15. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided（ A ） 16. The writer and singer _ here.A. is B. are C. were D. do（ C ） 17. As I have a meeting at

16、 four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.A. are B. was C. is D. were（ C ） 18. In those days John with his classmates _ kept busy preparing for the exam.A. is B. areC. was D. were（ B ） 19. _ your clothes?No, mine _ hanging over there.A. Is it, is B. Are these, areC. Is it, are D. Ar

17、e these, is（ D ） 20. The Smiths family, which _ rather a large one, _ very fond of their old houses.A. were, were B. was, wasC. were, was D. was, were（B ） 21. What the teacher and the students want to say _ that either of the countries _ beautiful.A. are, are B. is, isC. are, is D. is, are（ D ） 22.

18、He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. areC. have been D. has been（ B ） 23. _ of my brothers are reporters. Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings _ their duty.A. Each, are B. Both, isC. Neither, are D. None, is（ C ） 24. What do you think of the _ of the coat? Its rather high. You can buy a cheaper one in that shop.A. value B. cost C. price D. use（ C） 25. Are the two answers correct? No, _ correct.A. no one is B. bot