2021年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題及參考答案.doc

1、2021年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題及參考答案.doc 一 次 ， 他 在 核 實 數(shù) 據(jù) 時 ， 認 為 部 分 數(shù) 據(jù) 需 要 重 新 測 量 ， 但 項 目 部 的 車 都 被 派 出 去 了 。 一 次 ， 他 在 核 實 數(shù) 據(jù) 時 ， 認 為 部 分 數(shù) 據(jù) 需 要 重 新 測 量 ， 但 項 目 部 的 車 都 被 派 出 去 了 。 b e lim ite d to n o m o re th a n 2 d a y s o f w o rk , m a te ria l d e p o site d in sp e cia l in su la te d co n t

2、a in e rs, m a te ria l h a n d lin g to g e n tly a n d m a k e u se o f th e rm a l in su la tio n m a te ria l in w in d p ro o f, w a te rp ro o f, m o istu re -p ro o f m e a su re . 6 .2 th e rm a l d e sig n o p tim iza tio n fo r h ig h -te m p e ra tu re sp e cia l th e rm a l in su la tio

3、n fo r p ip in g su p p o rt a n d h a n g e r d e sig n , re d u ce d h e a t d issip a tio n o f th e h a n g e rs, e n su re th a t th e w a ll d o e s n o t o v e rh e a t. s m a ll-d ia m e te r p ip in g , th e rm a l in stru m e n t la y o u t a n d p o sitio n in g o f su p p o rt a n d h a

4、n g e r d e sig n ta k e fu lly in to a cco u n t th e e x p a n sio n sp a ce a n d in su la tio n th ick n e ss. la rg e -d ia m e te r p ip e s a fte r h e a t p re se rv a tio n p la ste rin g co n stru ctio n o f v a lv e s, tu rb in e , ch e ck in g sm o o th su rfa ce , h ig h te m p e ra tu

5、re p o w d e r p a in t fu lly d ry a fte r. p ro te ctiv e co v e rin g s fo r e le ctric e q u ip m e n t in su la tio n b o a rd s d e sig n e d w ith p re ssu re p la te , w h e n o rd e rin g a cco rd in g to th e in sta lla tio n d ia g ra m , m o d e l sp e cifica tio n s p u b lish in g o rd

6、 e r, e n su re w h e n in sta llin g co rn e rs n e a t, u n ifo rm a p p e a ra n ce , re d u ce th e a m o u n t o f o n -site m a ch in in g . b e fo re v a lv e s, fla n g e in su la tio n sh e ll co n stru ctio n , b e su re to m a k e a u n ifie d m o d e l, a ll v a lv e s, fla n g e s, in s

7、u la tio n co v e r u n ifie d , tid y a n d b e a u tifu l. w h e n fo u r p a rts su ch a s p ip e s, b o ile r in su la tio n , m u st d o first a rticle in sp e ctio n , p ro o f o f d e sig n a n d co n stru ctio n m e th o d s, te ch n o lo g y ca n m e e t th e te ch n o lo g ica l re q u ire

8、 m e n ts, b e fo re e x te n siv e co n stru ctio n . b o ile r ste e l b e a m s, d o o r o p e n in g b o x e s d e sig n e d w ith in su la tio n g a sk e ts, fla n g e ca n n o t b e o b liq u e , e v e n fa ste n e d . b a ck in to th e slo p e o f th e tu b in g d u rin g in sta lla tio n p a

9、 y a tte n tio n to th e p ip in g , o il sta tio n is a lo w p o in t. r e fu e lin g m u st b e co n tro lle d w h e n ca stin g m a te ria l p a rts, se le ct lo w th e rm a l co n d u ctiv ity m a te ria ls a s fa r a s p o ssib le , e n su re th a t th e se p a rts d o n o t o v e rh e a t. 6 .

10、3 q u a lity d e fe cts o f in su la tio n te ch n o lo g y m a n a g e m e n t o p tim iza tio n o f co n stru ctio n p ro ce ss a n d d e v e lo p a re a so n a b le d u ra tio n , re g io n a l tra n sfe r o f strictly 2021 年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 section i use of english directions: read the followin

11、g text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points) in 1924 americannational research council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the hawthore plant near chicago.it hoped

12、they would learn how stop-floor lignting_1_workers productivity. instead, the studies ended _2_giving their name to the "hawthorne effect', the extremely influential idea that the very_3_to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior. the idea arose because of the _4_behavior of the w

13、omen in the hawthorne plant.according to _5_of the experments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. it did not _6_what was done in the experiment; _7_something was changed ,productivity rose. a(n)_8_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be _9_

14、to alter workers behavior _10_itself. after several decades, the same data were _11_ to econometric the analysis. the hawthorne experiments have another surprise in store: _12 _the descriptions on record, no systematic _13_ was found that levels of reproductivity were related to changes in lighting.

15、 it turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to_ 14_ interpretation of what happed._ 15_ , lighting was always changed on a sunday .when work started again on monday, output _16_ rose compared with the previous saturday and_ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days._ 1

16、8_ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on monday. workers_ 19_ to be diligent for the first few days of the weeking week in any case , before _20 _a plateau and then slackening off. this suggests that the alleged "hawthorne effect

17、 " is hard to pin down. 1. a affected b achieved c extracted d restored 2. a at bup c with d off 3. atruth bsight c act d proof 4. a controversial b perplexing cmischievous d ambiguous 5. arequirements bexplanations c accounts d assessments 6. a conclude b matter c indicate d work 7. a as far a

18、s b for fear that c in case that d so long so 8. a awareness b expectation c sentiment d illusion 9. a suitable b excessive c enough d abundant 10. a about b for c on d by 11. a compared bshown c subjected d conveyed 12. a contrary to b consistent with c parallel with d pealliar to 13. a evidence bg

19、uidance cimplication dsource 14. a disputable benlightening creliable dmisleading 15. a in contrast b for example c in consequence d as usual 一 次 ， 他 在 核 實 數(shù) 據(jù) 時 ， 認 為 部 分 數(shù) 據(jù) 需 要 重 新 測 量 ， 但 項 目 部 的 車 都 被 派 出 去 了 。 一 次 ， 他 在 核 實 數(shù) 據(jù) 時 ， 認 為 部 分 數(shù) 據(jù) 需 要 重 新 測 量 ， 但 項 目 部 的 車 都 被 派 出 去 了 。 b e lim it

20、e d to n o m o re th a n 2 d a y s o f w o rk , m a te ria l d e p o site d in sp e cia l in su la te d co n ta in e rs, m a te ria l h a n d lin g to g e n tly a n d m a k e u se o f th e rm a l in su la tio n m a te ria l in w in d p ro o f, w a te rp ro o f, m o istu re -p ro o f m e a su re . 6

21、.2 th e rm a l d e sig n o p tim iza tio n fo r h ig h -te m p e ra tu re sp e cia l th e rm a l in su la tio n fo r p ip in g su p p o rt a n d h a n g e r d e sig n , re d u ce d h e a t d issip a tio n o f th e h a n g e rs, e n su re th a t th e w a ll d o e s n o t o v e rh e a t. s m a ll-d ia

22、 m e te r p ip in g , th e rm a l in stru m e n t la y o u t a n d p o sitio n in g o f su p p o rt a n d h a n g e r d e sig n ta k e fu lly in to a cco u n t th e e x p a n sio n sp a ce a n d in su la tio n th ick n e ss. la rg e -d ia m e te r p ip e s a fte r h e a t p re se rv a tio n p la ste

23、 rin g co n stru ctio n o f v a lv e s, tu rb in e , ch e ck in g sm o o th su rfa ce , h ig h te m p e ra tu re p o w d e r p a in t fu lly d ry a fte r. p ro te ctiv e co v e rin g s fo r e le ctric e q u ip m e n t in su la tio n b o a rd s d e sig n e d w ith p re ssu re p la te , w h e n o rd e

24、 rin g a cco rd in g to th e in sta lla tio n d ia g ra m , m o d e l sp e cifica tio n s p u b lish in g o rd e r, e n su re w h e n in sta llin g co rn e rs n e a t, u n ifo rm a p p e a ra n ce , re d u ce th e a m o u n t o f o n -site m a ch in in g . b e fo re v a lv e s, fla n g e in su la ti

25、o n sh e ll co n stru ctio n , b e su re to m a k e a u n ifie d m o d e l, a ll v a lv e s, fla n g e s, in su la tio n co v e r u n ifie d , tid y a n d b e a u tifu l. w h e n fo u r p a rts su ch a s p ip e s, b o ile r in su la tio n , m u st d o first a rticle in sp e ctio n , p ro o f o f d e

26、 sig n a n d co n stru ctio n m e th o d s, te ch n o lo g y ca n m e e t th e te ch n o lo g ica l re q u ire m e n ts, b e fo re e x te n siv e co n stru ctio n . b o ile r ste e l b e a m s, d o o r o p e n in g b o x e s d e sig n e d w ith in su la tio n g a sk e ts, fla n g e ca n n o t b e o

27、b liq u e , e v e n fa ste n e d . b a ck in to th e slo p e o f th e tu b in g d u rin g in sta lla tio n p a y a tte n tio n to th e p ip in g , o il sta tio n is a lo w p o in t. r e fu e lin g m u st b e co n tro lle d w h e n ca stin g m a te ria l p a rts, se le ct lo w th e rm a l co n d u ct

28、iv ity m a te ria ls a s fa r a s p o ssib le , e n su re th a t th e se p a rts d o n o t o v e rh e a t. 6 .3 q u a lity d e fe cts o f in su la tio n te ch n o lo g y m a n a g e m e n t o p tim iza tio n o f co n stru ctio n p ro ce ss a n d d e v e lo p a re a so n a b le d u ra tio n , re g io

29、 n a l tra n sfe r o f strictly 16. a duly baccidentally c unpredictably d suddenly 17. afailed bceased cstarted dcontinued 20. abreaking bclimbing csurpassing dhitting section ii reading comprehension part a directions: read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing

30、 a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points) text 1 text 2 over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. a received one for its "one-click' online payment system. merrill lynch got legal protection for an asset allocati

31、on strategy. one inventor patented a technique for lifting a box. now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. in a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abu

32、zz the u.s. court of appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. in re bilski , as the case is known , is "a very big deal', says dennisd. crouch of the university of missouri school of law. it "has the poten

33、tial to eliminate an entire class of patents.' curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state street bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund

34、assets. that ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move

35、 against rivals that might bent them to the punch. in 2021, ibm noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. similarly, some wall street investment films armed themselves with patents for

36、financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. the bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. the federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather t

37、han a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should' reconsider' its state street bank ruling. the federal circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holde

38、rs. last april, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions' that are obvious. the judges on the federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patient trend at the supreme court' ,says harole c.wegner, a partend itio n in g o f su p p o rt

39、a n d h a n g e r d e sig n ta k e fu lly in to a cco u n t th e e x p a n sio n sp a ce a n d in su la tio n th ick n e ss. la rg e -d ia m e te r p ip e s a fte r h e a t p re se rv a tio n p la ste rin g co n stru ctio n o f v a lv e s, tu rb in e , ch e ck in g sm o o th su rfa ce , h ig h te m

40、p e ra tu re p o w d e r p a in t fu lly d ry a fte r. p ro te ctiv e co v e rin g s fo r e le ctric e q u ip m e n t in su la tio n b o a rd s d e sig n e d w ith p re ssu re p la te , w h e n o rd e rin g a cco rd in g to th e in sta lla tio n d ia g ra m , m o d e l sp e cifica tio n s p u b lish

41、 in g o rd e r, e n su re w h e n in sta llin g co rn e rs n e a t, u n ifo rm a p p e a ra n ce , re d u ce th e a m o u n t o f o n -site m a ch in in g . b e fo re v a lv e s, fla n g e in su la tio n sh e ll co n stru ctio n , b e su re to m a k e a u n ifie d m o d e l, a ll v a lv e s, fla n g

42、 e s, in su la tio n co v e r u n ifie d , tid y a n d b e a u tifu l. w h e n fo u r p a rts su ch a s p ip e s, b o ile r in su la tio n , m u st d o first a rticle in sp e ctio n , p ro o f o f d e sig n a n d co n stru ctio n m e th o d s, te ch n o lo g y ca n m e e t th e te ch n o lo g ica l

43、re q u ire m e n ts, b e fo re e x te n siv e co n stru ctio n . b o ile r ste e l b e a m s, d o o r o p e n in g b o x e s d e sig n e d w ith in su la tio n g a sk e ts, fla n g e ca n n o t b e o b liq u e , e v e n fa ste n e d . b a ck in to th e slo p e o f th e tu b in g d u rin g in sta lla

44、 tio n p a y a tte n tio n to th e p ip in g , o il sta tio n is a lo w p o in t. r e fu e lin g m u st b e co n tro lle d w h e n ca stin g m a te ria l p a rts, se le ct lo w th e rm a l co n d u ctiv ity m a te ria ls a s fa r a s p o ssib le , e n su re th a t th e se p a rts d o n o t o v e rh

45、e a t. 6 .3 q u a lity d e fe cts o f in su la tio n te ch n o lo g y m a n a g e m e n t o p tim iza tio n o f co n stru ctio n p ro ce ss a n d d e v e lo p a re a so n a b le d u ra tio n , re g io n a l tra n sfe r o f strictly 3 attorney and professor at aeorge washington university law school.

46、 26. business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of a their limited value to business b their connection with asset allocation c the possible restriction on their granting d the controversy over authorization 27. which of the following is true of the bilski case? a its rulling comp

47、lies with the court decisions b it involves a very big business transaction c it has been dismissed by the federal circuit d it may change the legal practices in the u.s. 28. the word "about-face' (line 1, paro 3) most probably means a loss of good will b increase of hostility c change of a

48、ttitude d enhancement of disnity 29. we learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents a are immune to legal challenges b are often unnecessarily issued c lower the esteem for patent holders d increase the incidence of risks 30. which of the following would be the subject of the tex

49、t? a a looming threat to business-method patents b protection for business-method patent holders c a legal case regarding business-method patents d a prevailing trend against business-method patents text 3 in his book the tipping point,malcolm aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in larg

50、e part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.the idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spread. the supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible soundi

51、ng but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication': information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to ereryone else.marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selec

52、ted people will do most of the work for them. the theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing, promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyone else paid attention. anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special pe

53、ople can drive trends. in their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.in fact,they dont seem to be required of all. the researchers argument stems from a simple obserrating about social

54、 一 次 ， 他 在 核 實 數(shù) 據(jù) 時 ， 認 為 部 分 數(shù) 據(jù) 需 要 重 新 測 量 ， 但 項 目 部 的 車 都 被 派 出 去 了 。 一 次 ， 他 在 核 實 數(shù) 據(jù) 時 ， 認 為 部 分 數(shù) 據(jù) 需 要 重 新 測 量 ， 但 項 目 部 的 車 都 被 派 出 去 了 。 b e lim ite d to n o m o re th a n 2 d a y s o f w o rk , m a te ria l d e p o site d in sp e cia l in su la te d co n ta in e rs, m a te ria l h a n d

55、 lin g to g e n tly a n d m a k e u se o f th e rm a l in su la tio n m a te ria l in w in d p ro o f, w a te rp ro o f, m o istu re -p ro o f m e a su re . 6 .2 th e rm a l d e sig n o p tim iza tio n fo r h ig h -te m p e ra tu re sp e cia l th e rm a l in su la tio n fo r p ip in g su p p o rt a

56、n d h a n g e r d e sig n , re d u ce d h e a t d issip a tio n o f th e h a n g e rs, e n su re th a t th e w a ll d o e s n o t o v e rh e a t. s m a ll-d ia m e te r p ip in g , th e rm a l in stru m e n t la y o u t a n d p o sitio n in g o f su p p o rt a n d h a n g e r d e sig n ta k e fu lly

57、 in to a cco u n t th e e x p a n sio n sp a ce a n d in su la tio n th ick n e ss. la rg e -d ia m e te r p ip e s a fte r h e a t p re se rv a tio n p la ste rin g co n stru ctio n o f v a lv e s, tu rb in e , ch e ck in g sm o o th su rfa ce , h ig h te m p e ra tu re p o w d e r p a in t fu lly

58、d ry a fte r. p ro te ctiv e co v e rin g s fo r e le ctric e q u ip m e n t in su la tio n b o a rd s d e sig n e d w ith p re ssu re p la te , w h e n o rd e rin g a cco rd in g to th e in sta lla tio n d ia g ra m , m o d e l sp e cifica tio n s p u b lish in g o rd e r, e n su re w h e n in sta llin g co rn e rs n e a t, u n ifo rm a p p e a ra n ce , re d u ce th e a m o u n t o f o n -site m a ch in in g . b e fo re v a lv e s, fla n g e in su