第三講形容詞

1、第三講 形容詞、副詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))形容詞和副詞是歷年高考的必考點(diǎn)，是考生做好英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題和短文改錯(cuò)題必須要掌握的知識(shí)。形容詞主要用來(lái)修飾名詞和代詞，表示事物或人的性質(zhì)和特征。副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞甚至是句子。高考對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾方面：1.形容詞和副詞的基本用法，主要涉及名詞、形容詞、副詞之間的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化；2.形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的用法；3.易混淆的形容詞和副詞的用法。(一)語(yǔ)法填空?？键c(diǎn)典題感悟(考什么、怎么考)謹(jǐn)記規(guī)律(為什么、怎么辦)(2016·全國(guó)卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work

2、, you should take a step back and identify (識(shí)別) those of greater (great) and less importance.(2014·全國(guó)卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean) than ever.(2014·遼寧高考)The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls

3、 you！(2014·廣東高考)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.比較級(jí)?？疾榈乃姆N情況：(1)句中含有“than .”結(jié)構(gòu)用比較級(jí)。(2)句中雖然沒(méi)有“than .”結(jié)構(gòu)，但暗含比較的意味，也用比較級(jí)。(3)表示“越就越”用“the比較級(jí) ., the比較級(jí).”結(jié)構(gòu)。(4)常放在比較級(jí)前面用來(lái)修飾

4、比較級(jí)的詞和短語(yǔ)有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及數(shù)字、倍數(shù)等。I can hardly believe that Betty can speak Chinese as fluently (fluent) as we do.平級(jí)比較的兩個(gè)基本句式：(1)as形容詞(副詞)原級(jí)as .“和一樣”。not as/so形容詞(副詞)原級(jí)as .“不如”。(2)as形容詞原級(jí)a(n)n.as .“和一樣”。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard

5、 a better (good) voice.否定詞no, not, never等與比較級(jí)連用可表示最高級(jí)意義。I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest (great) difficulty on our way to success is our fear, overcome it and we will be able to achieve our goals.最高級(jí)的一個(gè)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：表達(dá)在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)“最”，使用“the最高級(jí)比較范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)。形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)典題感悟(考什么、怎么考)常

6、設(shè)錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(為什么、怎么辦)(2016·全國(guó)卷)The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016·四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Moms favoritest.(2015·陜西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for

7、help.比較等級(jí)的錯(cuò)用(1)比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的錯(cuò)用。表示二者比較用比較級(jí)；表示三者或三者以上比較用最高級(jí)(2)原級(jí)與比較級(jí)的錯(cuò)用。若句中有than或暗含比較意味用比較級(jí)，若沒(méi)有比較意味或表示同等程度的比較則用原級(jí)(3)沒(méi)有比較等級(jí)的形容詞和副詞absolute(ly)絕對(duì)的(地)entire(ly)完全的(地)complete(ly)完整的(地) thorough(ly)徹底的(地)perfect(ly)完美的(地) favorite最喜歡的(2013·全國(guó)卷)I remember my grandfather very much.意近引起的錯(cuò)用有些形容詞或副詞意思相近但不能混用，例

8、如，表示記得很“清楚”，應(yīng)用clearly/well，而不能用much。(2016·全國(guó)卷)However, my parents didnt seem to think such.(2016·浙江高考)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.(2014·遼寧高考)Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.(2013·四川高考)I fo

9、und the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it.The industry of France was not yet high developed at that time.形近引起的錯(cuò)用(1)such與so：so是副詞，可以放在形容詞或副詞之前作狀語(yǔ)； such是代詞或限定詞，可用來(lái)修飾名詞，作定語(yǔ)。(2)late, later, lately：late adj.遲到，近深夜的adv.遲，晚later(也是late的比較級(jí))adj.后來(lái)的，以后的adv.后來(lái)，以后lately adv.(recently)最近，近來(lái)(3)besides與

10、beside：besides作介詞，后應(yīng)接賓語(yǔ)，表示“除之外(還)”；作副詞，表示與上文的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，意為“此外”；beside只能作介詞，意為“在旁邊(或附近)”。(4)意義有別的同根副詞close靠近(通常指距離)closely密切地，仔細(xì)地hard努力地，費(fèi)力地 hardly幾乎不(5)表示寬、高、深的副詞都有兩種形式，以­ly結(jié)尾的表示抽象意義，與形容詞同形的表示具體意義。wide寬地widely廣泛地high高地highly高度地 deep深地 deeply深深地(二)短文改錯(cuò)?？键c(diǎn)高考對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在介詞的基本用法及介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ)的用法上。語(yǔ)法填空題對(duì)介詞

11、的考查形式為純空格，即沒(méi)有提示詞，這對(duì)考生正確理解句意提出了較高的要求。短文改錯(cuò)題對(duì)介詞的考查主要涉及介詞的多余、缺失或誤用，其中固定搭配中介詞的誤用是考查的重點(diǎn)。(一)語(yǔ)法填空?？键c(diǎn)1固定搭配中的介詞典題感悟(考什么、怎么考)謹(jǐn)記規(guī)律(為什么、怎么辦)(2016·全國(guó)卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s.(2016·全國(guó)卷)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning t

12、han we are later in the day.(2015·全國(guó)卷)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.(2015·全國(guó)卷)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the

13、same time, they warm up again for the night.(2015·廣東高考)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.(2015·湖北高考改編)This meeting room is a non­smoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that i

14、f you smoked here you would be fined.(2014·遼寧高考)OK. Dont laugh at me. I may look funny.(2015·陜西高考改編)The little pupil took his grandma by_the arm and walked her across the street.(2015·重慶高考改編)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above the average.(2016

15、·濟(jì)南一模)Its obvious that the new manager is rich in experience.(2016·福建四地六校聯(lián)考)My brother likes eating very much but he isnt very particular about the food he eats.介詞名詞at名詞at sea, at work, at lunch, at risk, at table, at rest, at the same timein名詞in advance, in case, in charge, in common, in

16、demand, in fact, in order, in progress, in return, in turn, in vainon名詞on purpose, on leave, on holiday, on strike, on sale, on guard, on foot, on time, on the contrary, on behalf of, on averageunder名詞under observation, under construction, under consideration, under repairout of名詞out of breath, out

17、of balance, out of date, out of control, out of touch形容詞介詞形容詞ofbe afraid of, be ashamed of, be aware of, be tired of, be sure of, be fond of, be proud of, be worthy of形容詞withbe content with, be familiar with, be pleased with, be popular with, be strict with, be satisfied with 形容詞inbe rich in, be int

18、erested in, be successful in, be absorbed in形容詞tobe polite to, be kind to, be cruel to, be similar to, be familiar to形容詞forbe famous for, be fit for, be eager for, be responsible for形容詞aboutbe curious about, be particular about, be enthusiastic about, be anxious about動(dòng)詞介詞動(dòng)詞aboutbring about, care abo

19、ut, come about, complain about, know about, think about, worry about 動(dòng)詞atarrive at, call at , glance at, glare at, knock at, laugh at, point at, shoot at, stare at 動(dòng)詞foraccount for, apply for, answer for, arrange for, call for, long for, go for, hope for, compete for, seek for, prepare for, wish for

20、典題感悟(考什么、怎么考)謹(jǐn)記規(guī)律(為什么、怎么辦)(2016·全國(guó)卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.(2014·陜西高考改編)The Scottish girl with blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.with的主要含義：(1)(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有(2)(表示伴隨)隨著(3)

21、(表示原因)由于，因?yàn)?4)(表示關(guān)系)和起(5)(表示用途)用(2016·四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.for的主要含義：(1)為了(2)代表(3)因?yàn)?，由?4)贊成，支持(5)就而言(6)達(dá)(表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間)(2014·北京高考改編)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.in的主要含義：(1)在(某段時(shí)間)之后(2)穿著(表示狀態(tài)或狀

22、況)(3)處于中(4)(表示使用的語(yǔ)言、材料等)用(5)在方面(6)(表示方向)以方向(2016·濟(jì)寧二模)The young mother whispered something to her children.(2016·承德高三模擬)Wait until the lights change to green before crossing the road.(2016·濰坊高三二模)Her devotion to science was praised and admired by the people all over the country. to的主要

23、含義和用法：(1)(表示方向)朝，向(2)(表示程度)到，達(dá)到(3)在某些名詞后常跟介詞to，如：key, answer, visit, apology, solution, attitude, devotion, entrance等To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.beyond的主要含義：(1)(表示位置)在另一邊，在更遠(yuǎn)處(2)(表示程度)超出，非所能及Hearing about his idea, some were in favour of

24、 his suggestion, but some others were strongly against it.against的主要含義：(1)(表示態(tài)度)反對(duì)(2)(表示對(duì)比)以為背景(3)(表示方位)倚靠著2.常用介詞(二)短文改錯(cuò)?？键c(diǎn)典題感悟(考什么、怎么考)常設(shè)錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(為什么、怎么辦)(2016·全國(guó)卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.(2016·全國(guó)卷)Now I am leaving home to college.(2015·全國(guó)

25、卷)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.(2014·全國(guó)卷)Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的錯(cuò)用在習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的使用是相對(duì)固定的，不能隨意改動(dòng)。(2015·全國(guó)卷)Tony saw a toy on

26、 a shop window.(2014·全國(guó)卷)Therefore, we have more time with after­school activities.介詞與名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞搭配不當(dāng)(2015·陜西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week.(2015·四川高考)Please help with me and give me some advice.介詞的多余及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟賓語(yǔ)，無(wú)需加介詞；last, next后跟名詞表時(shí)間時(shí)無(wú)需加介詞。(2014·全國(guó)卷)We can lie on the

27、 grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.(2014·四川高考)If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. 介詞的缺失不及物動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)加相應(yīng)的介詞?；A(chǔ)鞏固練習(xí) .單句語(yǔ)法填空形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)專練1I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more_meaningful_(meaning

28、ful) things to do.2Are you satisfied with the result of the exam?Not at all. I cant have a worse_(bad) one.3Of the two boys, Jim is the younger (young) one, and he is also the one who loves to be noisy.4Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen earlier (early)5At that time I knew it h

29、ad to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be better (good) if someone offered to help them.6On our way home, the journey was much easier (easy) than before as everyone else fell fast asleep. So, I just took my time and enjoyed the drive.7The more I thought about it, the worse (bad) my mood b

30、ecame.8I sought for it only when I needed it. It occurred to me that I should have paid more (much) attention to it.9Keeping a diary in English is one of the most_effective (effective) ways to improve our English writing ability.10Shortly after that birthday, however, life gave her the toughest (tou

31、gh) challenge of all as age and illness started to take her mind from her too.11The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her walking around. When she came closer (close) to us I could see that she was crying.12You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more_slowly (sl

32、owly)?13Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large (large) as that of theirs.14One of the worst (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen.15Four fifths of the people on the Net believe Chinas economy is among the strongest (strong) in the worl

33、d.介詞專練1I am in favour of your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.2Our office wasnt far from Chinatown, where I found some very good Chinese restaurants. 3White fat stores extra energy, which results in weight gain.4I had to give this speech from my memory and in front of such

34、a big audience! 5How much did he charge you for the service?Luckily, its nothing.6It saves a lot of time in the kitchen to have things you use within easy reach.7The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.8He is no fool at all, and in fact, he

35、is the smartest boy I have ever seen.9I am sorry I didnt finish the task.Never mind. After all, you have tried your best.10Its time for you to change your attitude towards/to women now, Tom. They hold up half the sky, you know.11The villagers collected money to set up a monument in memory of those w

36、ho died in the great earthquake.12Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are for everyones enjoyment.13The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will in time.14Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.15He was a good student and

37、 scored above average in most subjects.16What makes you decide to buy a new house in the town?This town is free from pollution.17A great person is always putting others interests above his own.18The girl in a red dress is my sister, and the red dress looks beautiful on her.19He has got the job becau

38、se he has the advantage over others of knowing many foreign languages.20The purpose of the article is to draw public attention to the problem.21The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.22Why not talk with your parents about your willingness to attend Peking Univ

39、ersity Summer Camp?I tried in vain to get them to listen to me.23If you could exchange lives with someone for a short time, would you like to do that? 24The computer game is designed for game lovers, young ones in particular.25As the only child, Jack was in possession of all the belongings after his

40、 parents died.26We offered her our congratulations on her passing the driving test.27We thought Mary would pass and John would fail, but it was contrary to the expectation.28He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.29Although against my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own.30On the morning of my mothers birthday, I usually help my mother do some housework.單句改錯(cuò)1Your story is wonderful; Ive never heard a good one before.goodbetter2I learned