高二英語【虛擬語氣】

1、學(xué)樂教育每一步 關(guān)注成長每一天 咨詢電話XL-JX001廣 州 學(xué) 樂 教 育虛擬語氣講解氣 學(xué)生姓名 陳景琦 就讀年級 高二 授課日期 2014.3.1 教研院審核 課題虛擬語氣教學(xué)目標(biāo)系統(tǒng)掌握虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句、名詞性從句中的用法。掌握與If only, as if though, with out , but for等相關(guān)的虛擬語氣用法。重點非真實條件狀語從句中從句、主句謂語動詞時態(tài)難點語境的把握課前一測I. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. It is ordered that more elective courses(選修課) _ (offer)

2、next semester. 2. He wishes he _ (pay) more attention to pronunciation then he _ (be) in the last year.3. How nice it _ (be) if the wind _ (not blow) so hard now. 4. During the strike（罷工） the workers demanded that working hours _ (shorten) and working conditions _ (improve) 5. Im afraid even if the

3、picture _(be) shorter, it _(not fit) the frame（相框）. 語氣種類語氣是表示說話者對動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，是一種動詞形式。英語中的語氣有三種陳述語氣陳述一個事實、狀態(tài)。或提出一個想法。祈使語氣表示請求、邀請、命令、警告或勸告虛語語氣表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時是一種真實的假設(shè)、料想、或是不可能實現(xiàn)的與事實相反的愿望。練習(xí)：判斷下列句子屬于哪一種語氣Dont worry. Tom is a good boy. My father never cooks dinnerIf he had been here, he would h

4、ave agreed with me. How I wish I could flyOpen the window, please! Jim told me he had seen the film. If only I were a boy.I wish I could fly. 虛擬語氣使用的情景一、虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的應(yīng)用 條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。A 真實條件句真實條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生。時態(tài)關(guān)系 【主將從現(xiàn)】句型： 條件從句 主句 一般現(xiàn)在時 shall/will+動詞原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典

5、型例題The volleyball match will be put off if it_.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rainedB 非真實條件句（重點）所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，句中的條件從句與主句皆用虛擬語氣。從句的謂語形式主語的謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反If +主語+動詞過去式主語 +should/would/could/might+動詞原形與過去事實相反If +主語+ had +動詞過去分詞主語+should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來事實相反If +主語+動詞過去式If +主語+sho

6、uld+動詞原形If+主語 +were to +動詞原形主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形1. 表示跟現(xiàn)在事實相反If I were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你，我就會對他說實話。練習(xí)題如果他有時間，他就會（可能）和你去。 If he time, he go with you.要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒有問題了。If my brother here, everything be all right. 2. 與過去的事實相反If you had been more care

7、ful, the mistake might have been avoided.如果昨晚有時間，我就會來看你的.If I time last night, I to see you. 假如我的表不停，我就會準(zhǔn)時的。If my watch had not stopped, I been on time.3. 與將來事實相反If he were to come, what should we say to him. If he to Guangzhou, he would come by high rail. 假如他來廣州的話，他一定坐高鐵。4. 虛擬條件句的倒裝If從句中若含有should,

8、had 或者were，那么就可以把它們放在句首，與主語顛倒形成倒裝。Were he here, he would come to help us. Had you been here just now, you would have met her. Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it. 假如我明天看見他，我就會告訴他關(guān)于這一切。Had you done as I told you, you would have succeeded. 假如你按照我說的去做，你就會成功。5. 由介詞with, without, but for

9、引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。What would you do with a million dollars? =if you had a million dollarsWithout your help. (if we hadnt got your help) We the work ahead of time(finish)But for rain (=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would the work. (finish)7. 含蓄條件句有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段代替條件句。例如：I was ill

10、that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副詞）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（連詞）A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定語從句）Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their out

11、put quickly.（獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法1、在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。（1）表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動詞用過去式（be動詞一般用were）。I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道這個問題的答案。I wish it （be）autumn in Beijing all the year around. 但愿北京全年是秋天。She wishes that her parents rich 她希望她的父母很富有.（2）表示對過去情況的虛擬

12、：從句動詞常用“had過去分詞”。 I wish I hadnt spent so much money. 我后悔不該花那么多錢。 He wishes he my advice. 他真希望當(dāng)初聽從我的建議。（3）表示對將來的主觀愿望：從句動詞形式為“would動詞原形”。I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。I wish you come soon. 但愿你立刻來。2. 在一個堅持（insist）, 兩個命令（order, command）,三個建議（ suggest, advice, propose）,四個要求（ ask,demand request, r

13、equire）等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“(should)動詞原形”（重點） I suggest that we (should) set off at once. 我建議馬上動身。The students insisted that they more English classes. 學(xué)生們堅持要多上英語課。3. 在主語would (had) rather that 賓語從句中，從句謂語用過去式表示虛擬形式。I would rather they went with me. 我倒希望他們和我一起去。三、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法Its necessary (natural, impo

14、rtant, strange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) that時， 謂語的虛擬形式用 （should）原形動詞來表示。It is necessary that a student should master computer skills. 學(xué)生生掌握電腦技能很有必要。It is a pity that he absent today. 很遺憾他居然沒有在It is important that we politely. 我們說話要有禮貌，這是很重要的。四、虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句的用法在suggestion, proposal,

15、order, plan, idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣。其構(gòu)成是“should動詞原形”。My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it. 表語從句練習(xí)：我們一致贊同他的建議，人與人應(yīng)當(dāng)互相尊重 We all agreed to his suggestion that we each other. 五、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、在It is (high) time (that)的句型中，定語從句的虛擬形式常用過去式或should動詞原形（should不能省略），表示“現(xiàn)

16、在該”我們該走了。It is time we left.2、 if only表示一種假設(shè)情況，意思是“要是······就好了”，相當(dāng)于主語wish。If only it were Sunday today. 要是今天是星期天就好了。If only he had a sense of humor. 要是他幽默點就好了。3、由as if(as though) 或even though(even though) 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時，從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式（be用were）或“had過去分詞”。He treats me as

17、if I were a stranger. 他那樣對待我，好像我式陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實看過一樣。注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。4、虛擬語氣用在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 條件句中。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.If it had not been for your help, we couldn

18、t have finished the work ahead of time.5、虛擬語氣表示委婉語氣的句型中。It would be better for you not to do that.Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station.6、 用于“may動詞原形”表示“祝愿”，may須置于句首。May you succeed!May you be happy!實戰(zhàn)演練I. 從所給的選項中選出最佳答案。1. _ go down town this afternoon, please post the le

19、tter for me. Which choice is wrong?A Had you B Were you to C If you did D Should you 2. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A drove, didnt get B drove, wouldnt get C were driving, wouldnt get D had driven, wouldnt have got3. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A we

20、re not, could have climbed B were not, could climbC hadnt been, could have climbed D hadnt been, could climb 4. The new airport _ if they hadnt stopped working on it.A would complete B had been completed C had completed D would have been completed5. If he _ his doctors advice, he _ alive.A had taken

21、, might still have been B had taken, might still beC might have taken, had still been C took, might still be 6. If you _ in good health, I _ you on a trip yesterday.A were, would have let B had been, would have letC had been, had let D were, had let7. I lost your address, otherwise (or) I _ you long

22、 before.A had visited B have visited C would have visited D should visit 8. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A obeys B obey C will obey D would obey 9. The boss insisted that John _ unfit for his work.A was B is C should be D were 10. The officer commanded(ordered)the damage

23、d bridge _ before dawn.A must be repaired B would be repaired C be repaired D should have been repaired II. 運用虛擬語氣翻譯下列句子1. 要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事了。(without) _. 2. 假如天下雨，莊稼(crop)就能得救。 _. 3. 如果他有時間的話，他就會和你去。 _. 14. 我希望我知道這個問題的答案。(wish) _. 15. 他那樣對待我，好象我是陌生人。(as if/though) _. 作業(yè)1. If I _ you, Id join the

24、army.A. am B. was C. were D. would be2. “If the sun _ tomorrow, what would we do?” A. will not rise B. would not rise C. did not rise D. does not rise3. If you _ to see Mary, what would you tell her? A. are B. will be going C. must D. were4. I would have said “Hello” to him if I _ your brother. A. c

25、ould see B. had seen C. will see D. will have seen5. If you had wanted to buy a record, what _?A. would you buy B. had you boughtC. would you have bought D. would you be buying6. If the tablets had dissolved, John _.A. would probably die B. had probably diedC. probably would be died D. would probabl

26、y have died7. _ if you had lost your watch?A. Hadnt you been upset B. Wouldnt you be upsetC. Werent you upset D. Wouldnt you have upset8. -“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.” -“If he had made more friends here, he might _.” A. have stayed B. have stay C. stayed D. stay9. If I had a bike, I _ it to

27、you yesterday.A. would have lent B. would lendC. would have lend D. could lend10. _, John would not have failed. A. If he has listened to me B. Had he listened to me C. If he listened to me D. As he listened to me用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.If people _(drive) more slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents.2.If you had worked carefully, you _(not make) so many mistakes.3.The boat wouldnt have drifted away, if we _ (tie) it up.4.If I had known you already _(have) a typewriter, I _(not, buy) one for your birthday.5.If he _(be) here this afternoon I would go with him.6.If it were to rain tomorro