ITS智慧型運輸系統(tǒng)

1、CALM outline Overview of the CALM Concept What is CALM? CALM Service Types CALM media CALM originate interfaces Protocol managed interfaces ISO15628 compatible interfaces. CALM networking - based on IPv6、MIPv6 CALM management CALM / Application Management Entity (CME) Network Management Entity (NME)

2、 Interface Management Entity (IME)The CALM concept The fundamental principles of the CALM concept is predicated on the principle of making best use of the resources available CALM overview Continuous Air-interface, Long and Medium range (CALM) CALM is being developed by Working Group 16 of Technical

3、 Committee 204 of the ISO The CALM concept is therefore developed to provide a layered solution that enables continuous or quasi continuous communications vehicles to vehicles Vehicles to infrastructure Infrastructure to infrastructure The aim of CALM is to provide wide area communications to suppor

4、t ITS applications GSM/GPRS、 3G、4G 、satellite、microwave、millimeter wave、 infrared、WiMAX and Wi-Fi ITS智慧型運輸系統(tǒng)智慧型運輸系統(tǒng) (ITS, Intelligent Transportation System)乃是應用先進的電子，通信，資訊與感測等技術，以整合人，路，車的管理策略，提供即時(real-time)的資訊而增進運輸系統(tǒng)的安全，效率及舒適性，同時也減少交通對環(huán)境的衝擊。 Vehicles which can be located, identified, assessed and c

5、ontrolled using ITS Road users who employ ITS, for instance, for navigation, travel information and their monitoring capabilities Infrastructure for which ITS can provide monitoring, detection, response, control, road management and administration functions Communications networks to enable wireless

6、 transactions amongst vehicles and transport users CALM specifications/standards are not designing a physical piece of equipment CALM is actually a related set of protocols, procedures and management processes CALM working groups CALM have eight sub-working groups ,including 16.0, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3,

7、16.4, 16.5 and 16.6 SWG 16.0 Architecture SWG 16.1 Media SWG 16.2 Networking SWG 16.3 Probe Data SWG 16.4 Application Management SWG 16.5 Emergency Communications SWG 16.6 Non-IP Networking SWG 16.7 Security and Lawful Intercept General Structure of CALMCALM Scope Three main modes of operation: Vehi

8、cle-Infrastructure Vehicle-Vehicle Infrastructure-Infrastructure Inter-operability and seamless handover between networks and applications. CALM used IPv6 exclusively. (initial specification)CALM in a multi-platform, multimedia environmentCALM safety service INFRASTRUCTURE Vehicle CALM enabled Safet

9、y Services INFRASTRUCTURE to ON BOARD EQUIPMENT Animal Crossing Zone Information - Adaptive Headlight Aiming - Blind Merge Warning Curve Speed Warning - Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption Emergency Vehicle Video Replay External Speed Limitation GPS Corrections - Highway/Rail Collision Warning - Hom

10、eland Security Identification and Management Incident Mapping and Warning Infrastructure Intersection Collision Warning - Intelligent On-Ramp Metering Intelligent Traffic Lights Intersection Collision : Infrastructure-Based Warning Intersection Collision : Vehicle-Based Warning ON BOARD EQUIPMENT-to

11、-INFRASTRUCTURE Automatic Crash Notification Blind Merge Warning eCall Intelligent Traffic Light pre-emption for priority vehicles Intersection Collision Probe data Vehicle-Based Warning SOS Services Vehicle Vehicle CALM enabled Safety Services Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning Blind Merge Warni

12、ng - Blind Spot Warning - Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Cooperative Collision Warning Cooperative Glare Reduction - Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation System (Platooning) Crash Warning - Curve Speed Warning - Enhanced Differential GPS Corrections - Highway Merge Assistant Highway/Rail Coll

13、ision Warning - Hybrid Intersection Collision Warning - Instant (Problem) Messaging - Intersection Collision Vehicle-Based Warning Lane Change Assistant - Left Turn Assistant - Merge Assistant - Pre-crash Sensing Post-Crash Warning Right Turn Assistant Road Feature Notification - SOS Services Stop S

14、ign Movement Assistant - Vehicle-based Road Condition Warning - Vehicle-to-Vehicle Road Feature Notification Vehicle Platooning Visibility Enhancer - Wrong-Way Driver Warning CALM Commercial Services INFRASTRUCTURE - Vehicle CALM enabled Commercial Services INFRASTRUCTURE to ON BOARD EQUIPMENT Comme

15、rcial Service Payments Commercial Vehicle Operations Enhanced Route Guidance and Navigation - GPS Corrections - Just-In-Time Repair Notification Map Downloads and Updates - Optimal Speed Advisory Parking Space Identification/Navigation- GPS Corrections - Infotainment Intelligent On-Ramp Metering (ro

16、ad management) Intelligent Traffic Lights (road management) Internet in-vehicle Instant Messaging Open Road (no barrier) Tolling Video Downloads Vehicle - Vehicle CALM enabled Commercial Services Cross Vehicle Messaging In vehicle Internet - Region Feature NotificationCALM infrastructure The CALM co

17、ncept at the highest level of abstraction The CALM Media CALM combines complementary media: For short and medium distances (directed): Infrared, MM-Wave For short and medium distances: Microwave 5.8 GHz For long distances:GSM, UMTS CALM originated interfacesISO 21214 CALM InfraRedISO 21215 CALM M5IS

18、O 21216 CALM MillimeterCALM originated interfaces This class of air interface has been specifically designed for CALM CALM originated interfaces should offer the highest performance interface at any particular frequency 5Ghz 5.8 GHz DSRC (dedicated short range communications) The European Standard h

19、as been adopted and is now used in many countries including Australia, several countries in Asia and South America . Millimeter Frequency range : 62-63 GHz High directionality High data rates It can also be used in conjunction with radar signals at similar frequencies. Infra red Infra red is already

20、 used in tolling systems High data rates and a relatively lightweight, comparatively inexpensive, beacon infrastructure, with relatively high directionality. The Standard supports current and future ITS applications with data rates from 1Mbit/s to 128Mbit/s The CALM-IR medium provides virtually “con

21、tinuous communications” even in the presence of interruptions of the link caused by physical barriers. Target domains of infrared are car-to-car communication and directed communication to infrastructure facilities such as traffic signals, traffic-signs and information-beacons. The link setup-time i

22、s usually less than one millisecond important feature in safety-related car-to-car communication Low-power infrared beacons, in combination with solar panels, also enable also power-line independent roadside installation. CLAM-IR application (German) German Truck-Tolling-ProjectIR applicationPhysica

23、l Transportation and Exchange of Data via oncoming trafficCurve-WarningTraffic InformationHazard-WarningCALM IR ApplicationsCommunication Zones for Car-to-Car and Car-to-Infrastructure communication Protocol managed interfaces ISO 21212 Cellular 2G ISO 21213 Cellular 3G Mobile Wireless Broadband (MW

24、B) HC-SDMA、802.16e (WiMAX) and 802.20 Protocol managed interfaces This class of air interface has not been specifically designed for CALM They are deigned for generic wireless telecommunications session These interfaces are adopted as potential CALM interfaces because they have wide area, even ubiqu

25、itous, coverage. Cellular (2G) The 2G cellular network is ubiquitous around most of the word Applications tend to relate to non continuous, emergency systems Examples of such systems are emergency buttons in vehicles that call the emergency services, and are based on 2G+GPS coordinates. Cellular (3G

26、) 3G systems offer significantly improved data rates which are capable of carrying many first generation ITS services. However, in respect with more advanced systems, the data-rates will be inadequate. Although the initial introduction of 3G has largely been on a connection time basis, it is clear t

27、hat the cost models are moving to fixed subscription basis, at least for domestic usage. Mobile Wireless Broadband (MWB) wireless broadband will become ubiquitous within urban areas and in areas where wired broadband installation is difficult or not cost effective. Challenge: travelling vehicle will

28、 soon move from one cell to another. handover HC-SDMA, 802.16e (WiMAX) and 802.20 Satellite Satellite communications are unlikely to be a low cost media, but are provided globally, and therefore a useful media for CALM to provide global reach for ITS. ISO15628 compatible interfaces ISO 15628 DSRC Sy

29、stems compliant to ISO 15628 ISO 15625 was developed to provide an application layer for European DSRC at 5.8 GHz. Services CALM communication scenariosCALM ScenariosCALM networking Mobile IPv6 Allow IPv6 nodes to move from one IP subnet to another. NEMO(Network MObility) NEMO is concerned with mana

30、ging the mobility of a network.Mobile IP scope140.123.113.100140.123.114.100Get Care-of Address (CoA)Foreign Agent (FA)Home Agent (HA)Corresponded Node (CN)Mobile Node (MN) Binding Update Data TransmissionHome NetworkForeign NetworkMobile IPv6 (MIPv6)NEMO Network Mobility Support Entire network mobi

31、le as a unit and attached to the Internet via a Mobile Router (MR) MR changes its point of attachment Only MR changes its IP address Nodes behind MR dont change their own point of attachment Current address recorded at the HA (dedicated server) Handled by NEMO WG NEMO Basic Support: RFC 3963 (Jan.05

32、)Benefit of network mobility support over host mobility support The vehicle changes its point of attachment to the Internet Host Mobility: each node maintains Internet access Each host must perform Mobile IPv6 Network Mobility: only the mobile router (MR) maintains Internet access Standards IPv6 nod

33、es can be located behind the MR: no mobility supportCALM Architecture and SAPs of NetworkService Access Points SAPs Service Access Points Between the air interface and the networking protocols Between the air interface and the CALM management protocols SAPs provide a common basis for transaction bet

34、ween the air interface and the network layer. between the network layer and the upper application layers.Data SAPs The different CALM media all use the same CALM network layer. All media also use the same type of SAP to communicate between the CALM network layer and the communications adaptation lay

35、er. Two service primitives request and indicationManagement SAPs These SAPs handle the overall management of the transaction: start, reset, join, authenticate, re-authenticate, de-authenticate, scan (for media), associate, de-associate, re-associate, etc. CALM-aware applications use M-SAPs to commun

36、icate with other management entity.CALM Management Entity CALM/Application Management Entity (CME) Select the best communication media for application Network Management Entity (NME) Signal the Network status to CME Achieve inter-network (inter-media) handover Use IP(v6) layer to control mobility Interface Management Entity (IME) Signal the media status to NME Avoid interferences among communication media Achieve intra-network (intra-media) handoverCALM policies Media interface protocol提供給interface status list Requirement application protocol提供給application requirement list Policy Media selec