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1、 語法講義之 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞modal verbs1.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (2002高考題）高考題） A. must B. can C. need D. may2.It has been announced that candidates(候選人候選人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海高考題）上海高考題） A. can B.will C. may D.

2、 shall3.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. (2002北京高考題）北京高考題） -It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)不表示推測(cè)不表示推測(cè)can couldmay mightshall shouldmust will wouldought tohave to dare (darent)need (neednt) used

3、toI darent ask her for a rise. 我不敢請(qǐng)求她加薪我不敢請(qǐng)求她加薪.How did you dare to tell her that? I wonder whether he dare stand up in public. I dont know how she dares to wear that dress. Do you need any help?I wonder whether he need send it immediately.I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous.The garden

4、 doesnt need watering at the moment.You neednt finish that work today.可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need 、 dare 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形)行為動(dòng)詞 .needdare 1.1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化無人稱和數(shù)的變化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑問句中否定句及疑問句中; ;* *在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后; ;* *或與或與hardlyhardly, , nevernever, , no oneno one, , nobodynobody連用連用; ; 3.

5、 3.常以常以needntneednt 和和darentdarent 的形式出現(xiàn)的形式出現(xiàn); ;4.dare4.dare有其過去時(shí)有其過去時(shí)dareddared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing 判斷正誤判斷正誤: How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He da

6、rent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.注意對(duì)注意對(duì)need問句的回答問句的回答: -Need I finish th

7、e work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 對(duì)其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答對(duì)其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt (dont have to) neednt(dont have to)表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法. .1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here.2.

8、He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He cant have slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.8. You could be right, I suppose.表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法. .肯定的推測(cè)肯定的推測(cè)

9、可能的推測(cè)可能的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)疑問的推測(cè)疑問的推測(cè)must 對(duì)將來對(duì)將來 對(duì)現(xiàn)在對(duì)現(xiàn)在 對(duì)過去對(duì)過去情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見常見must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be i

10、n Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。你媽媽一定一直在找你。 maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. 菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷菲利普可能在

11、車禍中受了重傷.6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She _ (go) by bus.7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲~克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲?公共汽車來上班的。公共汽車來上班的。may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found高考考題高考考題:1. I thought you _like som

12、ething to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. -There were a

13、lready five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could D D 請(qǐng)把下列詞語組合成句請(qǐng)把下列詞語組合成句:1. _, ( play, intere

14、sting, must, be, new, the ) for the director is so famous.2. See how happy he is today! _ _. ( failed, he, cant, in, the, have, exam )3. Peter isnt in the classroom. _ _. ( may, playing, he, with, be, his, basketball, friends ) The new play must be interesting He cant have failed in the exam He may

15、beplaying basketball with his friends不同的不同的“肯定肯定”程度可按下列層次排列：程度可按下列層次排列： He is at home. (事實(shí)事實(shí)) He must be at home.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵ǚ浅？隙ǖ耐茢啵?He could be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He may be at home.（僅僅可能而已）（僅僅可能而已） He might be at home.（或許（或許, 非常不確定）非常不確定） He might not be at home.（也許

16、不在家）（也許不在家）He may not be at home. （比（比might可能）可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家）（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）（一定不在家）He isnt at home.（事實(shí)）（事實(shí)） 在不表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中在不表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中, 我們要注意以下考點(diǎn)我們要注意以下考點(diǎn):1. 表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。2. 表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。3. shall 和和 will 的多種意義的區(qū)別。的多種意義的區(qū)別。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語

17、的使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語的使用。5. 虛擬語氣中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用。虛擬語氣中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用。 表示能力表示能力: can, could, be able to *be able to 能用于能用于各種時(shí)態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)。 can / could 只能表示只能表示現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在或或過去過去的能力。的能力。 *was / were able to : “設(shè)法做成某事設(shè)法做成某事” 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。1. 表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。1. A computer _ think for itself;

18、it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toA D 3. They will _ run this machine on theirown in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to4. That big ci

19、nema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able toD A 表示許可表示許可: may / might, can / could * might, could 比較比較委婉委婉, 一般多用于一般多用于疑問句疑問句.* can, may 表達(dá)的語言比較隨便表達(dá)的語言比較隨便.* 在以在以could, might 表示表示征詢對(duì)方意見征詢對(duì)方意見 或或表示請(qǐng)求表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，回答應(yīng)相應(yīng)使用時(shí)，回答應(yīng)相應(yīng)使用can, may.5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course

20、 you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. canC A 2. 表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法表示否定的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法: 部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的考點(diǎn)部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的考點(diǎn)之一。之一。 mustnt 不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn), 禁止禁止 neednt 沒必要沒必要 ( = dont have to )cant 不能不能; 不可能不可能may not 不可以不可以; 可能不可能不shouldnt 不應(yīng)該不應(yīng)該

21、( = ought not to )7. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not8. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldntC B 9. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _.

22、 My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont10. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wontB C 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：shall, will 的多種意義的多種意義: shall / will+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形: * shall 可表示必須、命令、可表示必須、命令、 警告或征詢意見警告或征詢意見. * will

23、可表示意愿、常出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作、在疑問句可表示意愿、常出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作、在疑問句 中表示請(qǐng)求和建議中表示請(qǐng)求和建議.* 均可表示將來。均可表示將來。 過去時(shí)為過去時(shí)為 should, would.3.11. He _ be punished if he disobeys. 如果他不服從如果他不服從, 就要受到懲罰就要受到懲罰.12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you _ only let me speak. 只要你讓我說話只要你讓我說話, 我們根本就不會(huì)吵架我們根本就不會(huì)吵架.13. -Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go.

24、A. will B. shall C. might D. couldshallwillB 14. The door _ open. 這門經(jīng)常打不開這門經(jīng)常打不開.15. Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would16. You _ have the book after I read it. 我看完以后一定把這本書給你我看完以后一定把這本書給你.wontD shall4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語的使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語的使用:would

25、 like to dowould rather dowould rather + 從句從句would prefer to do.had better do.改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò):1. Would you like having some tea?2. Id prefer going to the lecture this evening.3. Id rather you to go to the meeting.4. He would rather to die than to give in.5. Youd better to have your hair cut today.Would you lik

26、e to have some tea?Id prefer to go to . you went to .He would rather die than give in.Youd better have .5. 用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: should might could wouldneedntought to情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考題情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考題:1. Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would2. Must I drive to h

27、is house and pick up the children? No, . A. you shouldntB. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustntC C 3. We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended4. We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge. A. had betterB. would better C. would rather D. had r