高考英語名詞性從句專題(精辟)

1、 名詞性從句考綱解讀名詞性從句的考查要點：(1) What ,that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別;(2) Whether ,if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別;(3) 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別；(4) It 作形式主語、形式賓語的情況；知識清單一、 名詞性從句概述在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、和同位語，因此根據(jù)它在句中充當(dāng)不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。二、 名詞性從句比較名詞性從句辨別語序連接詞其他主語從句位于句首或it作形式主語，真主語為主語從句陳述（主

2、+謂）若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語和表語，則用連接代詞。Who：從句缺主語，指人Whom：從句缺賓語，指人Whose：從句缺定語，指“的”What：從句缺主語，賓語，表語，指物。Which：從句缺主語，賓語，表語，指物What和which的區(qū)別:what沒范圍；which有范圍，后+of短語表范圍。若從句中缺狀語時，則用連接副詞。Where: 從句缺地點狀語，譯作“在哪里”When：從句缺時間狀語，譯作“何時”How：從句缺方式狀語，譯作“怎么樣”Why：從句缺原因狀語，譯作“為什么”若從句中不缺成分，則用連接詞That：從句不缺成分，無詞義，只起連接作用Whether：從句不缺成分，和or n

3、ot搭配，適用任何一種名詞性從句，譯作“是否”If：從句不缺成分，只用于動詞后的賓語從句，譯作“是否”As if：“好像”只有連接作用。1. 時態(tài)（詳見注釋2）2. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移（詳見注釋2）賓語從句動詞+賓從陳述（主+謂）介詞+賓從表語從句系動詞（如：be,look,seem,remain等）后陳述（主+謂）Because，as if/as though也可引導(dǎo)表語從句同位語從句抽象名詞（如：idea，belief，fact，problem,news，word等）后陳述（主+謂）同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別（詳見注釋4）請注意1、名詞性從句中的that省略情況：動詞后的賓語從句和表語從句中的tha

4、t可以省略。2、No matter +wh-開頭的詞如no matter what等只能連接讓步狀語從句。而wh-開頭的詞+ever如whatever等既能連接讓步狀語從句，也能連接名詞性從句。解題步驟和原則：分析復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)，找出從句，確定名詞性從句中的哪一類。分析從句，結(jié)合上表中各個連接詞的特點，缺什么補什么。 注釋一 主語從句應(yīng)注意的問題主語從句中It作形式主語常用句型：1. It + be +形容詞（obvious, true, natural, possible, likely, probable, certain, wonderful, good, etc.） + that 從句2.

5、 It + be +名詞詞組(no wonder，a pity，an honor, a good thing, no surprise , etc.) + that 從句3. It + be + 過去分詞(said, thought, reported, expected, announced, decided , etc.) + that 從句4. It +不及物動詞(seem, happen, etc.) + that 從句5. It doesnt matter(make no different, etc.) + 連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句Eg: It is certain tha

6、t she will do well in her exam.形式主語 主語從句Eg：It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.形式主語 主語從句高考鏈接1. (2012課標(biāo)全國I) It is by no means clear_ the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what2.(2012天津，7) It doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossing both ro

7、ads lead to the park.A. whether B. how C. if D. when3.(2012江西，25) It suddenly occurred to him_ he had left his keys in the office.A. whether B. where C. which D. that注釋二 賓語從句應(yīng)注意的問題1. if /whether 表示“是否” 可以互換,但以下情況只能用whether，不用if. （1）在介詞后面 Eg：Everything depends on whether we have enough time. （2）與or n

8、ot連用 Eg：I dont know whether he will come or not. （3）賓語從句提前時 Eg：whether they can come here on time, we dont know.（4）后面跟不定式 Eg：I really dont know whether to accept or refuse.2. 賓語從句的時態(tài)（一般來說，主從句時態(tài)要統(tǒng)一。）（1）主現(xiàn)從不限（當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定，可以是任何時態(tài)。）Eg: Please tell me when he will come back.主句（一般現(xiàn)在時） 從句（一般

9、將來時）Eg: Do you know when he moved here.主句（一般現(xiàn)在時） 從句（一般將來時）（2）主過從也過（當(dāng)主句是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。如：一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時等。）Eg: He didnt tell me where he came from.主句（一般過去時） 從句（一般過去時）Eg: I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.主句（一般過去時） 從句（過去將來時）（3）真金不怕煉（當(dāng)從句表示的是一個客觀真理時，那么無論主句是什么時態(tài)，從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時

10、。）Eg: The teacher told us that the moon travels around the earth. 客觀真理（不隨時間變化而變化）主句（一般過去時） 從句（一般現(xiàn)在時）3. 賓語從句否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱時，若謂語動詞為think, believe, suppose等表示主觀意愿的詞時，如果從句需要表示否定意義，一般不在賓語從句中否定，而轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。Eg: I think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy.（誤） I dont think that English is

11、easy. （正）注釋三 表語從句應(yīng)注意的問題1、that 引導(dǎo)表語從句時，that不可省略。eg：注釋四 同位語從句應(yīng)注意的問題同位語從句于定語從句的區(qū)別：1. 同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，即：說明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，即：限定它前面的名詞范圍，或補充一些情況。Eg: The news that I have passed the exam is true.(同位語從句，從句所表達(dá)的意思就是前面名詞的意思。即：我已經(jīng)通過了考試這個事就是消息的內(nèi)容。)Eg: The news that he told me just now is true.（定語從

12、句，從句對前面名詞起修飾限整理用。即：那個消息不是別的，就是他剛剛告訴我的。）2. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，除了起連接作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等。Eg: The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 主語 謂語 賓語（從句句子完整，that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。故該句子為同位語從句。）Eg: The idea that he gave surprises many people. 主語 謂語（從句缺少賓語，th

13、at在從句中充當(dāng)賓語。故該句子為定語從句）高考大練兵 1. 【2012安徽】27. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 2.【2012重慶】34. Evidence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleepin

14、g problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. why B. how C. whether D. that3.【2012全國】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what4.【2012北京】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. w

15、hy B. how C. that D. whether5.【2012福建】35. We promise _ attends the party will get a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever6.【2012陜西】20. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A. whatever B. whichever C. whenev

16、er D. wherever7.【2012湖南】26. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A. why B. how C. whether D. when8.【2012天津】9. It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.A. whether B. how C. if D. when 9

17、.【2012江西】25. It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.A. whether B. where C. which D. that 10.【2012遼寧】34. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever11.【2012四川】17. Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.A. when B. how C. that D. whether12.【2012浙江】4. I made a promise to