（精選）外研版高中英語必修3Module1知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

1、【詞條1】face【課文原句】France is Europes third largest country, and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel. (Page 1)【點(diǎn)撥】face在句中用作動(dòng)詞,意為"面對(duì),面向"。如:I want to move into the red building, which faces the park, to get a wonderful view.【拓展】1. face作為動(dòng)詞,還有"面臨；正視"等意義。其常見的搭配有:be faced w

2、ith"面臨,面對(duì)"；face up to"勇敢地對(duì)付(敵人、困難等)"。如:Whatever difficulty you are faced with, you must face up to it.2. face還可以用作名詞,有"臉；表情；面子；表面"等意義。其常見的搭配有:face to face"面對(duì)面"；make a face "做鬼臉"；lose ones face "丟面子" in (the) face of "面對(duì)"。如:Youd be

3、tter talk about this problem face to face.In the face of danger, he is always very calm.He is afraid of losing face, so he doesnt like speaking in public.【詞條2】situated【課文原句】Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. (Page 2)【點(diǎn)撥】situated為形容詞,在句中意為"位于的",其后常

4、接介詞in / on / at等。如:The tower, situated at the top of the mountain, was built in the Ming Dynasty. 【拓展】situated還可以與某些副詞連用,表示"處于的狀態(tài)"。如:The army was badly situated at the start of the battle.located這個(gè)詞與situated為同義詞,其用法基本相同。如:The shop, located downtown, is always full of customers.【詞條3】last【課文

5、原句】. a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. (Page 2)【點(diǎn)撥】last在句中用作動(dòng)詞,意為"延續(xù),持續(xù)"。如:Our National Day holidays last seven days.【拓展】1. last作動(dòng)詞,還有"維持"之意。如:The money can last us ten days, so wed better cut down our expenses.2. last還作形容詞、副詞。

6、常用的意思有"最后的；最近的；最不可能的；最終；上次"。如:John was the last to arrive at the party.(adj.最后的)Hes the last man to turn to for help.(adj.最不可能的)It has been several years since I last saw her.(adv.上次)    【短語1】be known as【課文原句】Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of

7、western civilization. (Page 2)【點(diǎn)撥】be known as意為"作為而出名",與be famous as在意義和用法上都相近。如:Paris is known as a romantic city.【拓展】be known for(與be famous for同義)"因而出名"；be known to "為所熟知"。如:As is known to us, Qi Baishi is known for his ability to paint shrimp. 【短語2】in terms of【課文原句】

8、In terms of size and population, how big is the European Union com-pared with China? (Page 9) 【點(diǎn)撥】in terms of意為"從方面來說,就而言",注意term必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Its been a bad year for films, in terms of both quality and quantity.In terms of technology, that company has a great advantage.【拓展】現(xiàn)將與term相關(guān)的常見的搭配作一總結(jié)

9、:Im on good terms with my colleagues.(與關(guān)系好)In the long term, its better to come to terms to end the war.(從長遠(yuǎn)看)(達(dá)成協(xié)議)【短語3】ever since【課文原句】Their work has influenced other writers ever since.(Page 2)【點(diǎn)撥】句中ever since為副詞短語,意為"自以來；以后",常常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。如:I got this job four years ago and have worked he

10、re ever since.【拓展】ever since還可用作連詞。如:Ever since it began opening up, more and more of the worlds top companies have come to China.        一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成     被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成由"get/be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成,其中g(shù)et相當(dāng)于be,但它更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的突然發(fā)生或最終結(jié)果。被動(dòng)語態(tài)也有時(shí)態(tài)的變化:

11、一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)     主語及物動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)賓語主語am is are及物動(dòng)詞的-ing形式賓語被動(dòng)語態(tài)     主語(原主動(dòng)句中的賓語) am is are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞by 動(dòng)作發(fā)出者(原主動(dòng)句中的主語)主語(原主動(dòng)句中的賓語)am is are + being及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞by 動(dòng)作發(fā)出者(原主動(dòng)句中的主語)        過去主動(dòng)語態(tài)     主語及物動(dòng)詞的過

12、去時(shí)賓語主語was were及物動(dòng)詞的-ing形式賓語被動(dòng)語態(tài)     主語(原主動(dòng)句中的賓語) was were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞by 動(dòng)作發(fā)出者(原主動(dòng)句中的主語)主語(原主動(dòng)句中的賓語)was were + being +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞by 動(dòng)作發(fā)出者(原主動(dòng)句中的主語)        注意:當(dāng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí),介詞by可以省略。2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種特殊用法:帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)常把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語,而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動(dòng)。如:We alwa

13、ys keep our dormitory clean.     Our dormitory is always kept clean.含有雙賓語的句子改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍保留在謂語后面。如:The teacher asked me a difficult question. I was asked a difficult question by the teacher./ A difficult question was asked me by the teacher.注意:不及物動(dòng)詞和表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)

14、語態(tài)。二、主謂一致     在英語中最主要的一致關(guān)系就是主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間數(shù)的一致。本期我們只講集合名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致情況。     集合名詞作主語,如果表示整體概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果側(cè)重成員則用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的這類名詞有:army, family, class, committee, team, staff, government等。如:Our team is made up of 5 teenagers.The team are discussing the problem with the coach.下面我們來看一下none, neither及neither . nor . 作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)情況:none代指可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù),代指不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:None of the representatives are (is) in favor of his proposal.None of the rubbish has been removed yet.neith