中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)列表—代詞(一)

1、中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)列表代詞（一）代詞是代替名詞的詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞可以分為九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞。一、 人稱代詞1、人稱代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見(jiàn)下表：數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)格主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第

2、三人稱hehimtheythemshehertheythemitittheythem2、人稱代詞的用法（1）代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用主格，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格：He has great concern for them. 他很關(guān)心他們。They all like him very much. 他們都很喜歡他。She gave the books to you and me. 這些書是她送給你和我的。 （2）人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用賓格時(shí)較多，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，例如：Who is knocking at the door？ Its me. 誰(shuí)敲門？是我。If I were her, I would take the

3、advice. 我要是她就接收這個(gè)意見(jiàn)。Imagine yourself to be me. 設(shè)想你是我。但在下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中卻常用主格：It was he who did it.It is she who wants it.在表示比較的非正式的文體中，常用賓格代替主格：He is more intelligent than her.He is taller than I am. 3、在使用人稱代詞時(shí)還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）we, you兩詞有時(shí)可用來(lái)泛指一般人：We (you) have to be cautious under such circumstances.在這樣的情況下大家應(yīng)特別小

4、心。We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger.即使在危急時(shí)刻也要保持冷靜。They也可用來(lái)泛指某一些人：They dont allow us to smoke here. 這兒不讓抽煙。（They代表誰(shuí)不清楚）They dont make decent furniture nowadays. 現(xiàn)今做不出象樣的家具。（2）she可以用來(lái)代表國(guó)家、船只、大地、月亮等：I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英國(guó)會(huì)履行她的諾言。The “Easter” is du

5、e in tomorrow, isnt she? 東方號(hào)輪船明天進(jìn)港，是嗎？（3）在并列的主語(yǔ)中，I總放在最后：Mr. Wang and I are in charge of the work. 我和王先生負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作。二、 物主代詞1、物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。根據(jù)其句法作用，物主代詞可以分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種，見(jiàn)下表：  人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱mymineourOurs第二人稱youryoursyouryours第三人稱His, her, itsHis, hers, its theirtheirs2、物主代詞用法：（1

6、）形容詞性物主代詞一般位于名詞前，用作定語(yǔ)，限定該名詞的意義。例如：I like his car. 我喜歡他的小汽車。John cut his finger. 約翰割破了手指。Excuse me, is this your car? 對(duì)不起，這是您的車嗎？His parents are in England. 他的父母在英國(guó)。（2）名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)： May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎？ 你的比我的好用。 Our room is on the first floor and theirs on the second. 我們的

7、房間在二樓，他們的房間在三樓。 Ours is a big family. 我們時(shí)一個(gè)大家庭。（3）名詞性物主代詞作賓語(yǔ)： You may use my pen. Ill use hers. 你可以用我的筆，我用她的好了。 I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我愛(ài)我的祖國(guó)就像你愛(ài)你的祖國(guó)一樣深。Leys clean their room first and ours later. 咱們先打掃他們的房間，然后再打掃我們的房間。(4) 名詞性物主代詞作表語(yǔ)：The life I have is yours. It's yours.

8、It's yours.我的生命屬于你，屬于你，屬于你。This is Toms cap, not yours. 這是湯姆的帽子，不是你的。This umbrella is yours and that one is hers. 這把傘是你的，那把是她的。(5) 名詞性物主代詞與of連用：He is a close friend of ours. 他是我們的一位親密朋友。This is no fault of yours. 這不是你的錯(cuò)。This stand of ours is beyond reproach. 我們的這個(gè)立場(chǎng)是無(wú)可非議的。三、 反身代詞1、 見(jiàn)下表：數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱第一

9、人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞IyouHe/she/itweyouthey反身代詞myselfyourselfHimself/另外，one的反身代詞為oneself2、 反身代詞的用法：(1) 作賓語(yǔ)：He teaches himself English at home.他在家自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以給自己買好多好東西。We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我們昨晚玩得很開(kāi)心。Take good care of yourself. 好好保重。He thin

10、ks more of others than of himself. 他想到別人比想到自己更多一些。(2) 作表語(yǔ)：I'm not quite myself today. 我今天情緒不好。He doesn't seem himself this morning. 今天上午他似乎不舒服。That poor boy was myself. 那個(gè)可憐的孩子就是我自己。Ill be myself again in no time. 我一會(huì)兒就會(huì)好的。(3) 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)（作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在主語(yǔ)后或句末）：The thing itself is not important. 事

11、情本身并不重要。I went to the cinema myself. 我獨(dú)自去了電影院。You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去問(wèn)他本人。We had better ask the president himself about it. 最好問(wèn)校長(zhǎng)本人。(4) 間或可以用作主語(yǔ)（代替人稱代詞）：Both my sister and myself asked to go and work there. 我妹妹和我都要求到那里工作。Charles and myself saw it. 查爾斯和我看見(jiàn)了這件事。(5) 反身代詞還可以與某些介詞連用，組成固定搭配：

12、by oneself：自己，一個(gè)人干They made the machine all by themselves. 這機(jī)器完全是他們自己制造的。This is a machine that works by itself. 這是一部自動(dòng)化的機(jī)器。 for oneself：替自己，為自己She made no complaint for herself. 她沒(méi)有替自己抱怨。He has a right to decide for himself. 他有權(quán)自己決定。 in oneself：本身This is not a bad idea in itself. 這主意本身并不錯(cuò)。They were

13、 good men in themselves. 他們本身都是一些好人。 between ourselves：私下說(shuō)的話All this is between ourselves. 這些都不能告訴別人。Between ourselves, he is a selfish man. 咱們私下說(shuō)，他這個(gè)人很自私。 among themselves：之間They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他們之間進(jìn)行了熱烈的討論。They were always quarrelling among themselves. 他們老是相互爭(zhēng)吵。 to onese

14、lf：供自己用She had a room to herself. 她自己住一間房。I want a little time to myself. 我想有一點(diǎn)自己支配的時(shí)間。四、相互代詞1、相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個(gè)詞組，由于表示相互關(guān)系，稱為相互代詞。例如：It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other. 顯而易見(jiàn)，不同文化的人總是相互借鑒的。We can help one another. 我們可以相互幫助2、相互代詞的用法：(1)

15、作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)：People should love one another. 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此相愛(ài)。They were pleased with one another. 他們彼此都很喜歡。We are all eager to learn from each other. 他們都急切的向彼此學(xué)習(xí)。說(shuō)明：一般認(rèn)為，相互關(guān)系存在于兩個(gè)人或物之間用each other， 存在于兩個(gè)以上人和物之間用one another?，F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，兩組詞交替使用的實(shí)例也很多。例如：He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有書并列擺放起來(lái)。Usually these small groups w