jetlag(噴氣飛行時(shí)差反應(yīng)癥)

1、 English Test PaperDalian Jiaotong UniversityEnglish Entrance Examination for Doctoral Candidates, March, 2005 PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION ( 20 points)Section A ( 10 points, 1 point each )Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation,

2、a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter

3、 on your Answer Sheet. 1. A. Its better than Georges B. Its cheaper than Georges C. Its too expensive D. Its too cheap.2. A. She needs a watch that shows seconds B. She cannot find the mans stopwatch. C. She damaged something she borrowed from the man. D. She cannot assist the man tomorrow.3. A. Bil

4、l will buy the car as soon as he gets the money. B. Bills friend is buying the car for him. C. Bill has already made the down payment on the car. D. Bill cannot afford to buy a new car.4. A. Someone painted for her. B. She finally had time to paint it. C. She decided to paint it later. D. Some frien

5、ds will help her paint it. 5. A. He really doesnt know. B. He doesnt think the weather will make any difference.C. He thinks his team will lose if the weather is bad.D. He thinks bad weather will affect both teams.6. A. parting B. greeting C. complaining C. seeing someone off.7. A. Shes going to rea

6、d a book. B. She s going to work. C. She s going to buy some things D. Shes going to write a grocery list.8. A. Because it is broken. B. Because it is not the size he needs. C. Because it is dirty. D. Because it is too small. 9. A. 80 B. 18 C. 5: 38 D. 5: 1810. A. Visit friends. B. Wash clothes C. G

7、o to the laundry D. Do some shopping.Section B ( 10 points )Directions: In this section you will hear a short passage three times. While listening, you should keep down the main idea of what youve heard. After hearing you should write down the main idea of the passage on your Answer Sheet.(Attention

8、: write down your answer on your Answer Sheet )PART II VOCABULARY (10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding let

9、ter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.21. The election results do not always reflect back the views of the voters.A. express B. constitute C. favor D. blame22. The trade-mark is registered on the book of the Patent Office.A. recorded B. excluded C. removed D. invented23. The

10、Basque separatist movement is waging a campaign against the Government.A. conducting B. planning C. paying D. engaging24. He expressed his gratitude to her for her favorable help with the experiment.A. congratulations B. sphere C. thanks D. sympathy25. The function of ears in hearing is to convert t

11、he sound waves to nerve impulse.A. represent B. change C. prove D. manufacture26. She suddenly recalled that her blanket had been taken away.A. released B. remembered C. reassured D. relieved27. The local people like to use more durable material to build their houses.A. long-lasting B. refined C. st

12、rong D. expensive28. The total fee will amount to $5,000 if you want to spend a holiday there.A. hold B. bring about C. come below D. reach29. The play was too sophisticated for them.A. dull B. childish C. silly D. complicated30. Behind these obvious ridiculous movies to anti-Jewish attitudes there

13、was a deeper cause.A. unreasonable B. sad C. reasonable D. encouraging31. They acknowledged him to be the true God.A. received B. admitted C. thought D. believed32. Significant changes have taken place in the international situation.A. Importance B. Sudden C. Complete D. Visible33. When he check in

14、a hotel, it was already nine oclock in the evening.A. inspected B. registered C. realized D. departed34. To save more money youll need to be more frugal. A. lucky B. intelligent C. hard-working D. economical35. It was sensible of him to do that.A. proper B. right C. wise D. responsive36. A promising

15、 executive should be ready to welcome tight _ and hard work.A. deposit B. bid C. speed D. budget37. Mary phoned you from a telephone _ this morning.A. case B. booth C. box D. stand38. One foolish mistake can _ you in good deal of trouble.A. release B. involve C. evolve D. empower39. Women are consid

16、ered to be _ to the suffering of animals.A. available B. sensitive C. faithful D. correspondent40. The schoolboys are more _ not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before.A. care B. cautious C. liable D. dangerousIII Cloze ( 10 points, 0.5 point each )Directions: Read through the following p

17、assage and then decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Then write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag(噴氣飛行時(shí)差反應(yīng)癥). Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and m

18、ore prone _ 41 making mistakes. It is actually caused by _42 of your “body clock”- a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological _43. The body clock is designed for a _44 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it _45 daylight and darkness at

19、 the “wrong” times in a new time zone. The _46 of jetlag often persist for days _47 in internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new anti-jetlag system is _48 that is based on proven _49 pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moor-Ede has _50 a practical strategy to adjust th

20、e body clock much sooner to the new time zone _51 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates _52 of the discomfort of jetlag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either _ 53 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at th

21、e wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule _54 light exposure depends a great deal on _55 travel plans.Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individuals sleep _56 are used to produce a Trip Guide with _ 57 on exactly when to be exposed the bright light.When the Guide call

22、s _58 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside or the weather is bad, _59 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light _60 a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.41. A. from B. of C. to D. for

23、42. A. eruption B. corruption C. rupture D. disruption 43. A. actions B. functions C. behavior D. reflection 44. A. formal B. continual C. regular D. circular 45. A. experiences B. possesses C. encounters D. retains 46. A. diseases B. symptoms C. signs D. defects 47. A. while B. whereas C. if D. alt

24、hough 48. A. agreeable B. available C. adaptable D. approachable 49. A. extensive B. tentative C. broad D. inclusive 50. A. devise B. scrutinized C. visualized D. recognized 51. A. in B. as C. at D. though 52. A. more B. little C. most D. least 53. A. shed B. retrieve C. seek D. attain 54. A. .in B.

25、 for C. on D. with 55. A. specific B. complicated C. unique D. peculiar 56. A. mode B. style C. norm D. pattern 57. A. directories B. commentaries C. instructions D. specifications 58. A. up B. off C. on .for 59. A. or B. but C. and D. while 60. A. spur B. stimulus C. agitation D. acceleration PART

26、IV READING COMPREHENSION ( 25 points, 1 point each )Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspo

27、nding letter on your Answer Sheet. Passage OneFor those who moved to the developing suburbs after the Second World War, they represented an escape from urban overcrowding to a home of ones own preferably one with an attached two-car garage on a little half-acre of tree-shaded land. It also meant dai

28、ly commutation to work by railroad or expressway, a lawn to cut, and a mortgage to pay off over the years.Nobody approves of life in the suburbs but the people who live there. Urban critics argue that the people who live in suburbs enjoy all the cultural, educational, and commercial advantages that

29、cities offer without paying for them. Farmers worry about losing their farms to uncontrolled suburban spreading. The suburbs have also been criticized for the monotonous sameness of their design and for their inability to protect their inhabitants from the problems of the larger society in which the

30、y live.On the other hand, defenders of the suburbs argue that the life-style that they offer is more varied and includes more things than the cities admit. There are many different kinds of suburbs and a variety of people living in them. While the development of the suburbs has created problems, it

31、has also provided substantial modern housing for millions of people. Suburban living offers the best of two worlds the city and the country at a price that many are able to afford.Many people will always prefer the excitement of pace and life in the city, while others will want the quieter pace of l

32、ife in the country. But, for those in either city or country who are willing to compromise, the suburbs are waiting.61. One of the arguments against life in the suburbs is that _. A. suburbs are the compromise between the city and the countryB. suburbs lack variety in their designC. suburbs are far

33、away from downtown areaD. suburbs lack the pace of city life62. Which of the following is NOT stated as a characteristic of suburban life? A. Daily commutation.B. Mortgage payment.C. Home ownership.D. Apartment living.63. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of living in suburbs? A. Suburbs p

34、rovide modern housing for lots of people.B. Living in suburbs costs less than living in citiesC. People living in suburbs enjoy more living spaceD. Suburban living offer more educational opportunities64. Living in the suburbs is especially fit for those who _. A. prefer the excitement of city lifeB.

35、 want the quieter life in the countryC. enjoy both city as well as suburban lifeD. cannot afford to buy a house in the city65. The author of this passage _.A. holds a neutral attitude to urban and suburban living B. prefers to live in the country than live in the cityC. is critical of suburban livin

36、gD. puts stress on the negative aspects of city life Passage Two British universities, groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are warning that the tradition of a free education is at risk. The universities have threatened to impose an admission fee on students to plug a gap

37、 in revenue if the government does not act to improve their finances and scrap some public spending cutbacks.The government responded to the universities'' threat by setting up the most fundamental review of higher education for a generation, under a non-party troubleshooter (調(diào)停人), Sir Ron D

38、earing.One in three school-leavers enters higher education, five times the number when the last review took place thirty years agoEveryone agrees a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more money - but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much s

39、cope for attracting more finance from business.Most colleges believe students should contribute to tuition costs, something that is common elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain. Universities want the government to introduce a loan scheme for tuition fees and have su

40、spended their own threatened action for now. They await Dearing's advice, hoping it will not be too late - some are already reported to be in financial difficulty.As the century nears its end, the whole concept of what a university should be is under the microscope. Experts ponder how much they

41、can use computers instead of classrooms, talk of the need for lifelong learning and refer to students as "consumers."The Confederation (聯(lián)盟) of British Industry, the key employers'' organization, wants even more expansion in higher education to help fight competition on world market

42、s from booming Asian economies. But the government has doubts about more expansion. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to "ass production methods more typical of European universities."66.

43、The chief concern of British universities is . A) how to tackle their present financial difficulty B) how to expand the enrollment to meet the needs of enterprises C) how to improve their educational technology D) how to put an end to the current tendency of quality deterioration 67. We can learn fr

44、om the passage that in Britain . A) the government pays dearly for its financial policy B) universities are mainly funded by businesses C) higher education is provided free of charge D) students are ready to accept loan schemes for tuition 68. What was the percentage of high school graduates admitte

45、d to universities in Britain thirty years ago? A) 20% or so. C) Above 30%. B) About 15%. D) Below 10%. 69. It can be inferred from the passage that . A) the British government will be forced to increase its spending on higher education B) British employers demand an expansion in enrollment at the ex

46、pense of quality C) the best way out for British universities is to follow their European counterparts D) British students will probably have to pay for their higher education in the near future70. Which of the following is the viewpoint of the Times newspaper? A) Expansion in enrollment is bound to

47、 affect the quality of British higher education. B) British universities should expand their enrollment to meet the needs of industry. C) European universities can better meet the needs of the modern world. D) British universities should help fight competition on world markets. Passage ThreeIt is no

48、 secret among athletes that in order to improve performance youve got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker, It is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving ef

49、ficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance. If sufficient rest is not included in a training progr

50、am, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The “overtraining syndrome” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative e

51、xhaustion that persists even after recovery periods. The most common symptom is fatigue. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athlete may also become moody, easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport,

52、 Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral (病毒性的) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries. The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the more re

53、st required, Therefore, early detection is very important, If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. Oth

54、erwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased. It is important to exclude any underlying illness that may be responsible for the fatigue. 71. The first paragraph of the passage t