英語單項知識的講解與練習(6)

1、英語單項知識的講解與練習（6）26、同位語從句 例句：There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man! 句中的that Charles was a rich man是一個同位語從句，用來說明signs的內(nèi)容。 同位語從句：放在某些抽象名詞之后，用來說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 1)、同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞如：idea, news, fact, promise, rumor, hope, belief, thought, doubt, answer, message, truth, result, discovery, reason

2、, way, view, order, question, problem, suggestion等后，用以說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容，用連詞that, whether或連接副詞how, when, where等引導。如：One of the men held the view that what the book said was right. 2)、在on condition that, in spite of the fact that后的從句也是同位語從句。 3)、割裂同位語從句：同位語從句有時和它所說明的名詞分離。如：Several years later, word came tha

3、t Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. (that 引導的從句太長，放在句尾，謂語動詞came 提前，把word和同位語從句隔開。) 同位語從句也可用逗號隔開。如：The question, whether we need it, has not been decided. 4)、which不能用來引導同位語從句，只能用that。如：Have you heard of the news which（改為：that）our team has won? 5)、以that引導的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別： (1）、引導定語從句的that是關系代詞

4、，它除了具有連接主從句的作用外，還在從句中作一成分，指物時可用which替換；引導同位語從句的that是連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，不在從句中作成分，也不能用which替換。 (2）、定語從句前的先行詞可以指人、物或抽象概念，但同位語從句前的詞語，則是一些表示抽象概念的名詞，如fact, news, idea等。 (3）、定語從句是形容詞性的，它的功能是修飾先行詞，描述它的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，它的功能是對所說明的詞語作進一步的補充性的解釋，它是這個詞語的內(nèi)容本身，兩者之間可以劃等號。練習：Information has been put forward _ more middle

5、 school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as Word came _ the mayor would inspect our factory tomorrow. A. that B. what C. whether D. which 27、賓語從句賓語從句用作及物動詞的賓語，也可作介詞和非限定動詞（不定式、動名詞、分詞）和某些形容詞的賓語，這類形容詞常見的有：sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfie

6、d等。如：Knowing that she is good at singing and dancing, I always turn to her for advice. / I am sure that our experiment will succeed.根據(jù)關聯(lián)詞性質的不同，賓語從句可分為：1）、that引導的賓語從句：that僅起引導作用，在從句中無句法功能，本身無具體意義，在口語和非正式文體中可省，不引導介詞賓語從句（except that除外）。2） 、whether或if引導的賓語從句：whether可構成whether or not或whether or not結構，在非正

7、式的場合下，也有if or not結構，但無if or not結構。介詞后的賓語從句須用whether引導，不可用if引導。 3）、連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句：這類從句一律用陳述語序；若主句的謂語動詞是think, expect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose等表示“認為、猜想”的詞，一般要把賓語從句中的否定詞轉移到主句中去。 練習：I think its going to be a big problem. Yes, it could be. I wonder _ we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D.

8、 that These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what It was a

9、 matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever Can you tell me _ to join the army? A. how a person has to be old B. how does a person have to be old C. how old a person has to be D. how old does a person have to be Which of the following is correct? A. When do you know w

10、hen the movie starts? B. Do you know when does the movie start? C. Do you know what time the movie starts? D. At what time do you know the movie start?Would you tell me where _? A. I will go B. I would go C. Im to go D. I am going 28、倒裝 例句：Never in all my life have I felt so happy. Never放在句首，表示加強語氣，

11、句子要用部分倒裝語序。 類似用法的否定副詞或短語有：hardly, seldom, little, not only, not until, not, scarcely, no sooner, by no means, in no time, under no circumstances等。 never so非常；never mind沒關系；almost never難得、幾乎不；never the+比較級，毫不（更）； never表示“不、沒有”時，語氣比not強；never表示“不要”時，語氣比dont強。 Only with hard work can you expect to get

12、a pay rise. only +狀語+倒裝的主句，only+副詞（介詞短語、狀語從句）作狀語，且位于句首，主句采用部分倒裝；倒裝部分僅用于主句，從句不能用倒裝；若only之后跟的名詞或代詞做主語，則不用倒裝。 There goes the bell.away, up, down, in, out, here, there, off, over, above, below等表示地點的副詞位于句首時，若主語為名詞，則采用完全倒裝句，若主語為代詞，則主謂不倒裝。練習：Ive left my pen at home. _. Use mine. A. Here are you B. Here it

13、is C. Here is it D. Here you are I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _ so happy. A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt There _. A. the bus comes B. the bus coming C. comes the bus D. is coming the bus Hardly _ down _ he stepped in. A. I had sat; than B. I had sa

14、t; when C. had I sat; than D. had I sat; when Not only _ difficult to understand, but it was too long. A. it was B. it made C. did it make D. was it _, she is quite experienced in the work. A. As is he young B. As young he is C. Young as he is D. Young although he is Only in this way _ to make impro

15、vement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C. he care D. he cared _ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped t

16、he cat D. Jumped up the cat From the window, _. A. come sound of music B. did sound of music come C. came sound of music D. does sound of music come My brother never washes his own dirty clothes. _. A. So is mine B. Neither is mine C. Nor does mine D. So does mine _ can you expect to get a pay rise.

17、 A. With hard work B. Though hard work C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard Only by _ your attention _ what youre learning can you learn it well.A. focus; on B. focusing; on C. paying; on D. pay; on Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B.

18、did he care C. he cares D. he cared I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _ so happy!A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt Not a single song _ at yesterdays party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing 29、作形式賓語it的用法例句：He made it a habit to get up

19、 early in the morning./ Do you think it possible to persuade him to stop smoking? 兩句中的it是形式賓語，真正賓語是不定式短語，句中的賓語補足語可由名詞及形容詞充當，常用于這種句式的及物動詞有：make, think, believe, find, feel, consider等。練習：You shouldnt take _ for granted that your mother washes clothes for you. A. what B. it C. which D. how You must see to _ that the baby is taken good care of while I am away. A. / B. it C. about D. when I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them I feel it no use _ a second time. A. to try B. trying C. tried D. try 30、形容詞與名詞作定