2020中考英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)形容詞和副詞

1、1 形容詞1)形容詞作定語(yǔ)，一般放于被修飾的名詞之前。如：2020 中考英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)形容詞和副詞Jenny is a nice girl.He has a beautiful car.2)形容詞修飾不定代詞，應(yīng)放于不定代詞的后面作后置定語(yǔ)。如：I have something important to tell you.There is nothing wrong with my watch.2. 形容詞作表語(yǔ)。形容詞可以用在動(dòng)詞的后面作表語(yǔ)，系動(dòng)詞有be,grow,get,become,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn.等。如：The days

2、 will get longer when spring comes. You all look fine.形容詞的位置在賓語(yǔ)之后。如：The news made everyone happy.4名詞化的形容詞。形容詞與冠詞一起表示某一類(lèi)人或物， 在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，起名詞的作用。如： The young should be police to the old.二，副詞1，副詞的構(gòu)成(1 )許多詞既是形容詞，又是副詞，如hard ,high,early,well,fast(2) 許多副詞由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)：方法是形容詞詞尾加ly ，如： carefully,slowly,quickly等。注意：

3、A,結(jié)尾 y 的，變 y 為 I 再加-ly ,如 busy-busily,happy-happily.B.以e結(jié)尾的，大部分直接加 -ly ,如：wide- widely,brave-bravely有幾個(gè)特殊的要去e后再加 -y, 如： true-truly,terrible- terriblely.possible- possiblely(3) 有些帶ly 副詞與其相應(yīng)的形容詞意義不一樣。如：hard 困難的near附近的late遲的hardly 幾乎不nearly差不多l(xiāng)ately近來(lái)的2副詞的分類(lèi)：（1）時(shí)間副詞now,usually,often sometimes,always（ 2

4、）地點(diǎn)副詞here,there,out,outside3）方式副詞hard,well,fast,slowly4）程度副詞very,much,till,almost5）疑問(wèn)副詞how why,where,when6）連接副詞whether,why ,when,how三形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí) (即原形)比較級(jí)： 表示 “較 ” 或 “更一些”。最高級(jí)：表示“最”之意。形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的構(gòu)成變化如下：1. 單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞。1) 加 -er, 如 smart smarter; calm calmer 。2) 以

5、 e 結(jié)尾的直接加-r, 如 large larger; nice nicer 。3) 只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié), 雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母, 再加 -er, 如 thin thinner; fat fatter; big bigger; hot hotter 。4) 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾 , 先將 y 改為 i, 再加 -er 。如 easy easier; early earlier; funny funnier 。2. 部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞, 由 "more + 原級(jí) " 構(gòu)成。如serious more serious;outgoing more outgoin

6、g; athletic more athletic 。3. 不規(guī)則形容詞, 要記住它們的比較級(jí)。good better; well better; bad worse;ill worse; many more; much more; little less不規(guī)則變化：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)Good/wellBad/badlyMany/muchLittleFarold BetterWorseMoreLessFartherFurtherBestWorstMostLeastFarthestFurthestOldest/eldest形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)的用法級(jí) 用法例句比較級(jí)表示兩者 (人或事物)的比較。

7、副詞比較級(jí)的用法與形容詞相似。在 “比較級(jí) than ”的句中，當(dāng)than 前后所使用的動(dòng)詞相同時(shí)，通常用助動(dòng)詞代替后面的動(dòng)詞。改為動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞可以省掉。This cake is more delicious than that one ;Who runs faster thanJim(did) He works much harder that I (do)最高級(jí)表示三者或三者的(人或事物)比較， 其中一個(gè)在某一個(gè)或某一方面超過(guò)其他幾個(gè)時(shí)，用最高級(jí)的前面一般要加定冠詞(副詞可省掉the ) , 后面可帶of(in) 短語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明比較的范圍。This picture is the most be

8、autiful of the classroom;.Lin Tao jumpedfarthest in our class;Lucy sings (the)best of all.注：形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)前，有時(shí)可以用much,a little,even,a lot 等詞來(lái)修飾，表比較的程度。如：much better,a little taller.同級(jí)比較：1,表示甲與乙相同用“as+形容詞/副詞原形+ as”的句型。如：It is important as English.Tom runs as fast as Jack.2 .表示甲不及乙時(shí)用“not as (so)+ 形容詞/副詞原形

9、+as”的句型，如：It is not as(so)warm today as yesterday.He did not come as (so)early as WangLin.幾個(gè)特殊的比較級(jí)的句型：(1)比較級(jí)+比較級(jí)，表示"越來(lái)越"如 He is more andmore interested in English.It is getting hotter and hotter.than+ 被比對(duì)象。(2)倍數(shù)表達(dá)：be +倍數(shù)+形容詞原形+ as+被比對(duì)象；This bag is four times as heavy as that one.beThe + 比較

10、級(jí)主謂；the + 比較級(jí)主謂連詞連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。 連詞主要可分為兩類(lèi)：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來(lái)連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both and, not only but also, either or, neither nor, (and)then 等等并列連詞引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的句子and 與 orand 連接兩并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)a

11、nd 連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式both -and 兩者都She plays (both) the piano and the guitarnot only but (also), as well as 不但而且)She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.注意： not onlybut also關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not而必須倒裝。Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.neithe nor意思為"既不也不 &

12、quot;謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與 nor后的詞保持一致。Neither you nor he is to blame.or 意思為 " 否則 " 。I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.eitheror 意思為"或者或者"。注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則。Either you or I am rightnot but 意思、為"不是而是 ”not 和 but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) o

13、f a human being although yet ，但 although 不與 but 連用 so 與 such 辨析： such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞.詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many， few， much，little 連用，形成固定搭配。so + adj.so + adj. + a(n) + n.so + adj. + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n.不可數(shù)so foolishsuch + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)such +n. (pl.)such +n.不可數(shù)such a foolso

14、nice a flowersuch a nice flowerso many/ few flowersso much/little money.so many peoplesuch nice flowerssuch rapid progresssuch a lot of peopleso many 已成固定搭配,a lot of雖相當(dāng)于 many,但a lot of為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。so - that 與 such - that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換(三)例題解析1 I think Chinese is than maths.A. interesting B mo

15、re interestingC. most interesting D. the most interesting2 - What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing?-Singing. of course. She's known to it.A. be good at B. be good for C. be bad at D. be bad for3 The Huang He River is one of in China.A. The long river B. the longest riverC. the longest r

16、ivers D. the longer river4 The girl was afraid she threw her bag away.A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to5 It was yesterday than today.A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. the hottest6 Which subject do you like , English Chinese or maths?A. best B. well C. better D. good7 None of the students

17、watched itA. careful enough B. enough carefully8 she eats, she'll be.A. More - fat B. The more fatterC. More - the fatter D. The more - the fatter9 I don't think English is Chinese.A. as important as B. not important asC. not so important D. important as10 Miss Gao is a good English teacher.

18、 The students in her class A. are interested in B. are interesting inC. are interested at D. are interesting to11 The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel.B. lonely C. happily D. friendly12 What a cough! You seem ill.A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terribleC. terrible, terrible

19、 D. terribly, terribly13 The two friends were pleased to see each other that they forgot everything. A. so B. too C. very D. much14 Which is , Li Lei's box or Han Meimei's box?A. heavy B. heavier C. more heavier D. the heaviest15 You don't like the same colours and I don't like them,

20、 .A. too B. also C. either D. neither16 Jim is at all his lessons. And I'm sure he'll do veryexams.A. well, good B. good, well C. well, well D. good, good17 You look than before , why?A. more thin B. more thinnerC. much more thin D. much thinnerEnglish.A. alonein the18 Let's go out for s

21、upper now. I'm veryA. hungry B. angry C. tired D. thirsty19 - Can you understand me?-Sorry, I can understand you.A. hardly B. almost C. even D. ever20 " do you write to your penfriend?""About twice a month."A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long21 Changjiang River i

22、s river in ChinaA. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest22 I'll work I can.A. so hardly as B. so hard as C. as hardly as D. as hard as23 It is very to listen to him.A. interested B. interesting C. interested in D. interest24 Things are worse than I thought.A. more B. few C. very D. much25 It

23、is one o'clock, but her father hasn't come back A. already B. still C. too D. yet26 Comrade Chen is older than I.A. very B. more C. much D. quite27 She did her homework .A. carefully B. careful C. care D. careless28 They can't answer the question in Japanese; we can't answer it,A. al

24、so B. too C. either D. neither29- How are your parents?-They are very , thank you.A. good B. kind C. well D. happy30 Peter runs in our class.A. the fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast31 We were all glad that we sang and danced.A. such B. so C. very D. quite32 Kate sings Joan.A. as well as B. as g

25、ood as C. so good as D. as better as33 This egg smells , though it looks all right.A. good B. well C. bad Dbadly34 Wait a minute, I have to tell you.A. something interested B. something interestingC. interesting something D. anything interesting35 I shall visit you next year.A. sometimes B. sometime

26、 C. some time D. some times36 My sister said she would try to speak English every day.A. a little B. a few C. litttle D. few37 I have friends here and I often visit them.A. few B. little C. a few D. a little38 Of all these books, do you think, which one is ?A. interesting B. much interestingC. more

27、interesting D. the most interesting1 答案1 B.析在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。2 答案A.析be good at為固定搭配，意為"擅長(zhǎng)作某事"。初中英語(yǔ)中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記 牢， 而不能似是而非。如： be good at, be bad at, be poor in, be week in, be fit for3 答案C.析 在one of +定冠詞+最高級(jí)之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4 答案A.析so - that為"如此怎樣以至于如何"，此句意思是：小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑 掉了。而to

28、oto的意思為"如何如何，以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是動(dòng)詞原形，而不是從句。5 答案C.析 用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級(jí)6 答案A.析在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級(jí)。C. carefully enough D. enough careful7 答案1 C.析首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來(lái)修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來(lái)修飾副詞或形容詞時(shí)應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。8 答案1 D.析the+比較級(jí)表示"越來(lái)越"本句應(yīng)譯為：她吃得越多，她就會(huì)越胖。9 答案A.析t

29、hink+賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式，如：中文講， “我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)"，英文 應(yīng)為："我不認(rèn)為你對(duì)"。I don't think you are right.所以不能選答案 B。而 C D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。10 答案A.析 過(guò)去分詞常用來(lái)修飾人，而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來(lái)修飾物，如： an interesting book,實(shí) 際上過(guò)去分詞含有被動(dòng)之意，如： interested 其含意是"被所吸引，感動(dòng) "。而interesting 則為"使人感興趣的"，如：an interesting man 一個(gè)有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。1

30、1 答案B.析alone 意為"獨(dú)自的，一個(gè)人的"，它只能作表語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ)。I amnot alone in doing such a thing. 而 lonely 意為"寂寞的，孤單的"，如：The old man felt lonely. 要體會(huì) 兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別，如： The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.12 答案A.析terrible是形容詞，而terribly是副詞，第一個(gè)空是修飾名詞的，所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個(gè)空ill是形容詞，這里terribly是用來(lái)修飾ill的。13

31、 答案A.析這里用的是so that的固定搭配。14 答案B.析兩者之間用比較級(jí)，三者或以上用最高級(jí)。15 答案C.析 在否定句中也應(yīng)用either,而不要用too ,因too用于肯定句中。16 答案B.析good為形容詞，如：He is good.他是個(gè)好人。而 well作為身體狀況的好壞講時(shí)是形容詞，如：He is well 為他身體不錯(cuò)，而作為其他意思時(shí)為副詞，如： He speaks English well.17 答案D.析多音節(jié)形容詞才用 more或most加形容詞來(lái)表示其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，而thin的比較級(jí)為 thinner 。18 答案A.析hungry-俄，angry-生氣，tired-緊，疲勞，thirsty- 口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。19 答案A.析hardly為一否定詞，用在句中時(shí)應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語(yǔ)中Sorry決定了其意為"聽(tīng)不明白"，所以只能選hardly 。20 答案A.析how often用來(lái)提問(wèn)某一動(dòng)作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次，也就是提問(wèn)發(fā)生的頻率。how soon是問(wèn)從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。21 答案D.22 答