大學(xué)英語四級考試寫作技巧

1、大學(xué)英語四級考試寫作大學(xué)英語四級考試寫作題型根據(jù)教育部頒布的大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱的要求，大學(xué)英語四級考試的命題形式有以下幾種：首尾句作文、提綱作文、圖表作文、命題作文、書信體作文等。首尾句作文是根據(jù)段首（尾）句續(xù)寫短文。段首句作文也稱主題句作文，因為作文題中所給的段首句往往是段落主題句。其特點是以題目為中心，一般情況下將文章分為三個段落，每段首句即為該段的主題句（topic sentences ）。考生要按主題句的要求組織材料，提出論據(jù)，用一些輔助句（supporting sentences）來支持或說明主題句，寫英文段首句作文要注意：所寫的內(nèi)容要緊扣主題，輔助句應(yīng)圍繞段首句續(xù)寫。保證段內(nèi)每個句子

2、的內(nèi)容與段首句緊密展開各個段落，如：例證、因果、定義、比較對比、程序等。要注意句與句之間，特別是段首句與輔助句之間的自然銜接。另外，所給的段首句有時是一個完整的句子，有時不是一個完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，這就要求我們一定要審好題。找出其中表示中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞，圍繞這些關(guān)鍵詞去擴(kuò)展、描述或說明。例1Directions :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given the f

3、irst sentence of eachparagraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph; your part of the composition should be about 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.范文Women in the Modern WorldWomen are playing an increasingly important role in society. Su

4、ccessful women who are government officials, writers, scientists, doctors and teachers can be found everywhere. It is true that many jobs that once were dominated by men can be done well by women.With the changes in their social role, womens position in the family has been improved as well. The husb

5、and is no longer the only bread maker in the family and the wife no longer lives on others. They share comforts and hardships with each other.In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to traditional roles

6、 and limited economic strength. Women still have a long way to go in their struggle for complete equality with men.第一段首句是講婦女在社會上的作用，因而續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容緊緊圍繞婦女的社會作用，比如，婦女可以是政府機(jī)關(guān)的工作人員、科學(xué)家、教師等；第二句的段首句是關(guān)于婦女在家庭中的地位也提高了，續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容也是有關(guān)夫妻患難與共；第三句的段首句是講婦女解放仍然任重而道遠(yuǎn)，續(xù)寫的部分提出了婦女所面臨的問題，整個續(xù)寫的部分緊扣段首句。例2Directions :Write a compositio

7、n about What Would Happen If There Were No power in three paragraphs, you are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph:1. Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life.2. If there were no electric power,.3. Therefore,.范文Wha

8、t Would Happen If There Were No PowerEver since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. It has played a decisive role in the modern world. Everybody admits that development of our civilization depends on electricity.If there were no electricity power, our mod

9、ern world would be in trouble. For instance, all the wheel would stop because without the power the machine would cease working. And allthe electrical equipment life would be impossible and in a great mass without electricity.Therefore, we should make better use of elective power. On the other hand,

10、 we should educate people to economize on electricity and not to waste energy resources. At the same time we must do our best to exploit more electric resources to meet the requirements of human beings.第一段的段首句是講電已經(jīng)成為人們現(xiàn)代生活中必不可少的部分，因而接下來的續(xù)寫部分應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)它的重要性。第二段的段首句提出如果沒有電的假設(shè)，下面列出沒有電將會出現(xiàn)的麻煩。最后一段指出我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約用電，開拓

11、更多的電力資源。關(guān)鍵詞作文是根據(jù)作文題目以及所給出的關(guān)鍵詞寫短文。關(guān)鍵詞的數(shù)目由幾個到十幾個不等。寫這種題型的作文，要特別注意關(guān)鍵詞的作用。關(guān)鍵詞是短文內(nèi)容發(fā)展的“路標(biāo)”，在作文思路和寫作內(nèi)容上起著決定乾坤的作用。因此，寫出的文章要把所給的這些關(guān)鍵詞都用上，可以一句中用上幾個詞，也可以幾句中用上一個詞，只要能做到恰到好處即可。而且，要學(xué)會根據(jù)所給關(guān)鍵詞的語義群分段。如果所給的關(guān)鍵詞可以分為三組，那么，短文就可以寫成三段。如果給出的關(guān)鍵詞是兩組，短文就可以寫為兩段。再者，要把給出的關(guān)鍵詞用在刀刃上，即各段的主題句以及結(jié)尾的主題句都應(yīng)該有關(guān)鍵詞。例1Directions: For this par

12、t, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage on “The Advantages of Travel” based on the words and phrases given: advantages widen our knowledge, make friends, knowledge or geography, beautiful scenery, different lifestyle, customs and cultures, various foods, practice a foreign language, worth s

13、pending the time.范文The Advantages of TravelWhenever a college student is asked “What are you going to do this summer vacation?”the most probable answer might be“I am going to have a trip.”It seems that college students are fond of traveling very much. Why?Because travel has numerous advantages. Firs

14、t of all,travel can widen our knowledge of geography,the knowledge of different customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling. Finally, travel is the best way of spending time. We can enjoy eating v

15、arious local foods and seeing beautiful scenery.In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way. It is worth spending the time.作者在第一段中就用上了關(guān)鍵詞travel 和advantage ，并很巧妙地利用Because travel has numerous advantages這樣的承上啟下的句子來引出下文關(guān)于旅游的種種好處。最后又把關(guān)鍵詞用在了文章的結(jié)尾處，強(qiáng)化了主題，不失為畫龍點睛之筆。例2Directions: For this par

16、t, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage on“The Helpful Features of Textbooks” based on the following words given: textbooks, school, levels, kids, purpose, learn, therefore, features,information, contentsts,page, understand, divide, sections, finally, alphabetical, mast, help, quickly, effi

17、ciently.范文The Helpful Features of TextbooksTextbooks are books that students use in schools. Students at all levels and in all kinds s of schools use textbooks. They have certain features in common features that can help students find and understand the information in them. All textbooks have tables

18、 of contents at the beginning. The tables of contents list the chapter titles, the parts of the chapters,and the page numbers of the parts. These sections are divided again into smaller parts with headings and sub headings. Finally, most textbooks have an index at theback of the book. The index list

19、s all the topics in the book in alphabetical order, and gives their page numbers.These are the features of most textbooks, which help students find and understand the information in textbooks quickly and efficiently. 文章一開頭用定義法給教材下了個定義。接下來具體說明教材的主要特征。最后一段與第一段相呼應(yīng)，并重復(fù)和強(qiáng)調(diào)了幾個關(guān)鍵詞中的關(guān)鍵詞，比如textbooks ，informa

20、tion 等。寫作中的問題及應(yīng)對策略(一 存在問題1、不會寫所謂不會寫指的是，當(dāng)考試拿過一篇文章不知如何下手，不知如何提筆進(jìn)行寫作。主要是存在以下兩個原因：一是考生的確無話可說；二是心里雖然有話，但是拿捏不準(zhǔn)該寫哪句為妙。于是思前想后、猶豫不決，始終不敢提筆進(jìn)行寫作。2、寫不好所謂寫不好就是，拿過作文題，沒有明確的寫作思路，不按套路出牌；或是簡單漢語邏輯思維寫作，不符合英語寫作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，近而沒有文采。原因在于：第一是平時沒有養(yǎng)成良好的寫作習(xí)慣；第二對于英語寫作的句式特點以及整體文章結(jié)構(gòu)框架不了解。(二 解決辦法第一，首先必須熟悉英語四級寫作具體要求。英語四級考試要求考生在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出120字的文

21、章。體裁主要有議論文(分為“Topic題型”和A&B又稱“正反觀點題”應(yīng)用文(主要是書信 、圖表文等。針對不同的體裁，寫作思路是不同的。比如，以議論文舉例來說：1、議論文寫作思路2、議論文分類：闡述主題型作文(Topic；正反觀點型作文(A&B3、闡述主題型作文寫作：(這類題型作文要求從一句話或一個主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述(1基本寫作格式熟悉英語寫作的幾個重要概念。1. 英語文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)特點英語文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)一般有三部分構(gòu)成：主題句+擴(kuò)展句+結(jié)尾句(1主題句：所謂主題句，就是英語文章段落的中心思想句。它是英語文章段落的靈魂，在英語文章段落中居于主導(dǎo)地位。我們都知道英語文章

22、一般喜歡開門見山，所以主題句一般位于英語文章段落的句首。其他句子都要圍繞它而展開。(2擴(kuò)展句：所謂擴(kuò)展句就是為主題句起解釋說明或論證的句子。通常我們寫擴(kuò)展句所采用的方法是舉例子(for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is that-、列數(shù)據(jù)(according to the recent study/survey,-等。(3結(jié)尾句：所謂結(jié)尾句就是總結(jié)句。英語寫作也類似于漢語寫作，最后再把自己本段落的寫作目的陳述一下。但是在英語寫作中結(jié)尾句畢竟還是少數(shù)。因此我們通常看到英語的文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)60%-70%都是由主題句+擴(kuò)展句構(gòu)成。2、

23、主旨句作為主旨句就是英語文章的中心思想句。英語文章一般首先用一句話概括一下作者的寫作目的或意圖，我們就把這句話稱之為主旨句。沒有受過寫作訓(xùn)練的考生是不會寫主旨句的。因此這樣的文章就不能夠稱之為好的英語文章，自然也得不到閱卷人的青睞了。第三，學(xué)會遣詞造句1. 遣詞：(1詞匯等級所謂詞匯的等級就是，我們在寫作的過程中，如果想出一個基本詞匯來之后，能夠在這個基本詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上把它在提升一下，也就是我們一般寫作所提倡的用“難詞”。比如，我們一提到“重要的”，大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會想到“important”這個單詞，那么提升一下的話就可以想到它的如下同義詞：significant, vital, main, c

24、rucial, momentous etc(2詞匯準(zhǔn)確性所謂詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性是指，我們在有一個詞近而想到它的同義詞之后，要結(jié)合語境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)挠迷~。在這里必須指明的是，并不是詞匯等級越高越好，必須還要考慮到適合于不同的語境。比如，眼睛大，這個“大的”形容詞，我們首先會想到big, 近而想到great, large, huge, vast, titanic, enormous etc 。那么是不是用后面的詞就可以了呢？或者說用上enormous 等詞更能博得閱卷人的好感呢？答案是否定的。在這里很明顯用后面的詞來修飾眼睛是不可以，只能用big ，因為我們聽過一首英文歌曲叫做“I am a big big

25、 girl, in a big big world.”big表示眼睛大而迷人可愛的。2. 造句：(1詞組同學(xué)們平時寫作不太擅長用詞組，最習(xí)慣的就是想到漢語，然后對應(yīng)漢語思維寫出英語句子，這種寫作只能是單詞的羅列組合，談不上什么技巧文采可言，因此，寫出來的文章必然就是所謂平淡如流水，沒有英語的味道。如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步想到與之同義的詞組，那么文章就會顯得與眾不同，更具有英語的味道。比如上面所說的“重要的”這個單詞，當(dāng)我們想到important 的時候，如果從語法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會想到“be of importance”。因為，語法中規(guī)定：形容詞等于of 加這個形容詞的名詞形

26、式。如果再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過一個常用的詞組叫做“play an important role in-”。很多同學(xué)說自己的文章湊不夠字?jǐn)?shù)或是沒有文采，那么采用詞組進(jìn)行寫作是不是就可以解決以上問題了呢？(2句式除了采用詞組，要使文章更具英語的味道，我們還需要變換句式。沒有受過正規(guī)作文訓(xùn)練的考生，通常采用的句式多為主謂賓、主系表。于是我們看到大多數(shù)的文章充斥著這樣的形式：I am a good boy, and I am a student. I study in XXX University, and I have three years experience in XXX Hotel.這樣流水

27、帳式的文章顯然不能得到高分。寫作中閱卷人喜歡的句式有以下兩種：一是插入語；二是倒裝。第一，插入語。所謂插入語，英語中有兩種形式。一種是有兩個逗號之間引起的成分稱之為插入語；第二種是有兩個半破折號引起的成分稱之為插入語。如下所示(黑體劃線處 ：Kunming, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city.Other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helpin

28、g us resolve and cope with our problems.插入語的作用主要有兩個，一個是突出主語，比如說：He, who would like to play basketball, is a good student.第二個作用是解釋說明，比如說：People, especially students, should work hard.第二，倒裝倒裝是我們寫作中需要用到的。雖然略顯俗套，但是卻是很能滿足閱卷人的主觀感受的。常用的倒裝形式有以下幾種：Only + 時間狀語Only when all of us join in the efforts of elimina

29、ting cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.Only + 介詞詞組Only by planning his time care fully can he improve efficiency and make achievements.Only in this way can we master the writing skills step by steps.否定詞位于句首(hardly when; never; not only-,but al

30、so-; seldom在我一生當(dāng)中很難遇到這樣的人Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man. 地點方位名詞位于句首In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.(3修辭無論是漢語寫作還是英語寫作，修辭其實非常的重要。它是作者寫作功底具體事例地展現(xiàn)。所謂修辭包括比喻、擬人、排比等等。英語寫作中的修辭問題有篇文章(見英語寫作幾種修辭手法 。如：比喻修辭手法，還是拿“重

31、要的”來舉例。當(dāng)你用完詞組之后，如果你用上下面比如句子，則文章就會顯得神采飛揚，試比較：The bicycle is important for us.The bicycle is of importance for us.The bicycle plays an important role in our life.The bicycle, environmental friendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life.The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and ca

32、nnot be parted with a moment in our life.那么很明顯，最后一個句子是我們最終拿到考場上去搏擊高分的句子。第四，平時要注意積累同學(xué)們?yōu)榱藢懞米魑囊沧髁撕枚喙ぷ?，課下也付出了很多，包括背誦大量的文章等等，但是提筆寫作時候，仍不見的有所改觀。問題在哪里呢？很多考生雖然也背誦文章，但卻只是死記硬背。如果合上書本讓他復(fù)述，他們就會卡殼。就是茶壺里煮餃子，倒不出來。我們說背誦是個輸入的過程，而說和寫則是輸出的過程。我們真正需要的是把平時積累的隨時隨地用在我們的寫作中。因此，我們在注重積累的同時，一定在平時練習(xí)的時候，把他們多家運用。只有多練多用，才能真正達(dá)到學(xué)以致用

33、，才能真正提高寫作水平。四級作文難點分析及應(yīng)對技巧難點一：主觀判分，有所影響不可否認(rèn)，四級考試是目前國內(nèi)各種英語測試中規(guī)模很大、公信度較高、科學(xué)性和客觀性較強(qiáng)的一種，能夠較客觀地考察出一個人的實際英語能力。但寫作仍然是四級考試中主觀性較大的部分，存在主觀判卷的弊端。雖然考官依據(jù)四級作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行閱卷，但由于前文所述的考官在判卷中的弱點、盲點，人為因素不可避免。難點二：體裁多樣，難度較大它既有書信作文，演講稿，圖表作文，也有議論文寫作。字?jǐn)?shù)要求也是國內(nèi)英語測試中較多的，30分鐘要求考生寫一篇150字的短文。書信作文、議論文等尚能有章可循，然而圖表作文卻無從下手。這是因為國內(nèi)各個層次的英語教學(xué)甚

34、少涉及圖表作文，并且要寫好圖表作文，不僅需要良好的英語語言能力，同時還應(yīng)具備相應(yīng)的分析、歸納能力。難點三：老題新出，千變?nèi)f化四級作文有完善的出題套路，往往通過換關(guān)鍵詞的方式可以舊瓶裝新酒，老樹開新花。請看下面幾道考題：例1：Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic can money buy happiness? you should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composit

35、ion on the outline (given in chinese below:1. 有人認(rèn)為金錢是幸福之本（source of happiness）2. 也有人認(rèn)為金錢是萬惡之源（root of all evil）3. 我的看法例2:Directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic the two-day weekend. you should write at least 100 words and you should base your com

36、position on the outline (given in chinese below:1. 雙休日給大學(xué)生帶來的好處2. 雙休日可能給大學(xué)生帶來的問題3. 我應(yīng)該怎樣過好雙休日例3：Directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic reading selectively or extensively? you should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outl

37、ine (given in chinese below:1. 有人認(rèn)為讀書要有選擇2. 有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書3. 我的看法只要細(xì)看片刻就能發(fā)現(xiàn)這三道題如出一轍，提綱的結(jié)構(gòu)實質(zhì)上是完全相同的，不難想像，在寫這些題目時定有套路可循。同學(xué)們“談作文即色變”就是因為就題論題，不識廬山真面目。四級作文題目雖然充滿變數(shù)，但萬變不離其宗，考官不可能隨心所欲得出新題或更新題庫。與其上下求索，苦苦積攢上百道變化莫測的題目，不如勤于總結(jié)，牢牢記住以上幾條題目變化的法則。許多學(xué)生習(xí)慣于用漢語思維方式來進(jìn)行英文寫作，不善于開門見山，缺乏中心句（thesis statement）和主題句（topicsentence ）

38、的意識，談了許多還未談到主題，還未等到他們一步一步地從次要觀點的闡述過渡到主要論點，時間已過去大半，不得不匆忙得出結(jié)論而收尾，作文也因此失分慘重。應(yīng)試對策：學(xué)會寫主題段和主題句，遵循外國人的“線性思維模式”。從全篇來看，一般的議論文大多都分為三大部分，即提出問題、分析問題、解決問題，四級作文也不例外，三部分缺一不可。文章的第一段落應(yīng)是主題段，簡單介紹了文章的大體思路。之后的段落要按邏輯順序展開，這是因為結(jié)構(gòu)的完整還包括結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性，就像說明文有說明順序一樣，議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)分布同樣應(yīng)該掌握一個遞進(jìn)深入的順序。從每段來看，第一句應(yīng)是主題句，表達(dá)了本段的中心思想，其后的每一個觀點都應(yīng)圍繞這個中心展開。

39、所有擴(kuò)展句都緊扣主題。一般應(yīng)在段首就亮出主題句，避免主題句放在段中或段末從而無法明顯辨別引起混亂。四級書信寫作套句It is so great to hear from you again.It is a great pleasure for me to With great delight I learned that I must apologize for not writing to you sooner.In my experience, it seems that _ would make sense in your situationIn my opinion, it would

40、 be wise for you to take the following actions:感謝：I truly appreciate your kindness.Thank you from the bottom of my heart for.道歉：I apologize most sincerely for.I am so sorry to have put you through so much trouble. 邀請：We would be honored to have you there with us.I will cover all the expense involved

41、.抱怨：I very much regret to have to inform you that.We will appreciate your willingness to make up for the loss I hope that the above situation will be improved as soon as possible咨詢：I would like to request some information about.Should I need to send further materials, please let me know.I hope I may

42、 be granted an interview快速成文模式：1現(xiàn)象分析，解決問題型：第一段：Its a common phenomenon that /We often hea r that/More and more attention has been focused on the pr oblem of/The whole society should pay close attention to t he problem of +問題.The first reason is that /First +理由一.Besides/Secondly+理由二. （或It brings not only/Its result s may be +后果一. But also/It will also bring the changes to our society such as +后果二. ）第二段: As the reasons above, we should do something such as/When we think about it, we find three constructiv e