中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之簡單句

1、2016年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之簡單句(陳述句、感嘆句、疑問句、祈使句)一、簡單句的五大基本句型1.主語+謂語(不及物動詞) 2.主語+謂語+賓語 3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語 5.主語+系動詞+表語常見的雙賓語動詞:mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄給某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 將某物給某人pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送給某人sell sb. sth. = sel

2、l sth. to sb. 把某物賣給某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物給某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿給某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告訴某人某情況buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 為某人買某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb.為某人做某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 為某人采摘某物可

3、以用做賓語補語的有名詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語等 。 We call this kind of flower rose. Who left/kept the door open/closed? Let him out. 介詞短語用作賓補常表示賓語所處的狀態(tài)，它們之間亦具有邏輯主表關(guān)系。如：Make yourself at home. They found everything in good order.充當(dāng)賓補的不定式有：a.動詞不定式必須帶to。這類動詞有tell, ask, order, like, wish, want, expect, invite.b.動詞

4、不定式省略動詞不定式符號to。這類動詞有:feel,listen to, hear,let, make,look at, see, watch, notice,但這類動詞在變被動時，要加上動詞不定式符號toI often hear him sing in the next room. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補則表示賓語和賓補動作正在進行?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補與賓語之間存在主動關(guān)系，過去分詞作賓補與賓語之間則為被動關(guān)系。二、陳述句(陳述句分為肯定句和否定句)陳述句用來說明一個事實或是陳述說話人的看法，句末用句號。否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)有:a.含有be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞的否定形式，直接在后面加not。b.含有實義動詞的

5、否定形式,要根據(jù)相應(yīng)的人稱和時態(tài),借助助動詞dont/doesnt/didnt.c.還可以用(no,never,no one, nobody,nothing,neither of, none of,little,few,seldom,hardly,too. to.)來構(gòu)成否定形式。三、疑問句(疑問句分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句、否定疑問句)1.一般疑問句 一般疑問句用來詢問事物或情況是否屬實，需要對方用Yes/No給予肯定或否定回答。在回答時，要注意肯定一致與否定一致。2.否定疑問句通常是以be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+not開頭，往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語氣，注意回答時

6、Yes或No的意思。(難道不?)- Don't you know the boy? -Yes,I do.(Yes,I know the boy) -No,I dont.(No,I dont know the boy)3.特殊疑問句=特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句a.如果疑問詞在句中作主語或主語的定語，疑問句的語序與陳述句語序一致；如果疑問詞在句中作其他成分，則用“疑問詞+一般疑問句”的結(jié)構(gòu)。What is your name? Which one is Bob? Whose book is this?b.常見的特殊疑問詞及其用法用how long(多長時間,多久)提問，通常用for/since

7、來回答；用how often(多久一次)提問，通常用頻度副詞或表示頻率的短語來回答；用how soon(多久以后)提問，通常用in+時間段來回答；用how far(多遠)提問距離。4.選擇疑問句 提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方選擇一種情況進行回答的問句叫選擇疑問句。a.一般選擇疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu):一般疑問句 + or + 被選擇的部分?-Do you likes apples or oranges? - I like apples. b.特殊選擇疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu):特殊疑問句，A or B？-Which would you like better, tea or coffee? - I like co

8、ffee.5.反意疑問句 反意疑問句由“陳述句+附加問句”組成,問話者欲對陳述句部分的內(nèi)容做進一步的證實.當(dāng)前面的陳述句是肯定句時,后面用否定形式進行反問,即前肯后否.Tom is a student,isn't he?.當(dāng)前面的陳述句是否定句時,后面用肯定形式進行反問,即前否后肯.Tom isn't a student,is he?附加問句的主語要用代詞,并與陳述部分的主語一致,謂語在人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)上也要與陳述部分一致。.陳述部分含有no, never, no one, nobody, nothing, neither of, none of, little, few, se

9、ldom, hardly, too. to. 等否定意義的詞時，疑問部分要用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；但陳述部分帶有否定前綴、后綴的詞unhappy, important，dislike時，疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。.陳述部分是there be句型時，其反意疑問句中要用be there。.陳述部分的主語是指事/物的不定代詞時(everything/nothing/anything/something),疑問部分主語代詞用it.陳述部分的主語是指人的不定代詞時(everybody/everyone/anybody/anyone/somebody/someone/ nobody/no one/none/neither

10、),疑問部分的主語代詞用they.陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this或that時,反意疑問句的主語用it，當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞these或those時，其反意疑問句的主語用they。.陳述部分出現(xiàn)I am.時，反意疑問句用aren't I。.肯定祈使句的疑問部分用will you,否定祈使句的疑問部分用will you；以Let's開頭的祈使句，疑問部分用shall we；但以Let us/me開頭的祈使句，疑問部分用will you?.陳述部分出現(xiàn)have/has/had時，在一般現(xiàn)在時/一般過去時表示“有”的意思，疑問部分借助助動詞do/does/did;have/ha

11、s/had to表示“不得不”的意思，疑問部分借助助動詞do/does/did;have/has/had表示“吃、喝、玩、度過”的意思，疑問部分借助助動詞do/does/did;had better表示“最好”的意思，疑問部分借助助動詞did;have/has/had出現(xiàn)在完成時，疑問部分用have/has/had;.陳述部分出現(xiàn)must時,must表示“必須”之意時，疑問部分要用neednt.must表示推測，表“一定”之意時，疑問部分的謂語要根據(jù)must后面的動詞來確定。He must work hard at physics, mustn't he?The man must be

12、 Mr Wang,isnt he? Tom must be at home，isn't he?.在賓語從句中，若主句主語是第一人稱，且謂語動詞是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine時，疑問部分用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)還是否定結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵看主句，疑問部分的主語和謂語要與從句一致。(11).當(dāng)陳述部分主語是從句、不定式(短語)、動詞-ing形式時，反意疑問句的主語應(yīng)該用it。I don't think he will come, will he? (12).當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞must, may, cant, 且表示推測時，反意疑問部分不能用must, may,

13、 cant自身，應(yīng)和后面的實義動詞保持一致，隨時間和人稱而變化.所謂還原法，就是先把句子還原成一個不帶must推測意味的句子。如He must be a teacher.He is a teacher.其反意疑問句為isnt he? You must have waited for a long time.You have waited for a long time.其反意疑問句havent you?注意：1、在must 表示現(xiàn)在情況的推測時，要注意主語對還原后句子謂語動詞的影響。如：a.He must be ill at home, isnt he?（還原為He is ill at hom

14、e.）b.They must be ill at home, arent they?(還原為They are ill at home.)2、must 表示對過去的情況推測時，要注意句意和時間狀語對還原后句子時態(tài)的影響。如含有 for a long time, so far, before, since 等時間狀語的句子還原后句子為完成時；而含有l(wèi)ast night, yesterday, the other day, ten years ago 等時間狀語的句子則還原為過去時。如：He must have seen her in the street yesterday, didnt he?（

15、還原為：He saw her in the street yesterday.）He must have learned English for more than 10 years, hasnt he?（還原為：He has learned English for more than 10 years.）6.反意疑問句的回答對反意疑問句作回答時，如果答案是肯定的，則用yes;若果答案是否定的，則用no.-Lucy skates very well,doesnt she? -Yes,she does.( Yes,she skates very well -No,she doesnt(No,sh

16、e doesnt skate very wel)-You dont like eating apples,do you？-Yes,I do.( Yes,I like eating apples) -No,I dont like eating apples.四、感嘆句1. What + a/an +形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ (主語+謂語)！2. What +形容詞 +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式+ (主語+謂語)！3. What +形容詞 +不可數(shù)名詞+ (主語+謂語)！4.How +形容詞/副詞+ (主語+謂語)！5. How + 形容詞+ a/an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +(主語+謂語)！6.How +

17、句子（陳述語序）！ How time flies! 光陰似箭！ How I miss you! 我多么想你呀！感嘆句做題步驟:找謂語定主語判斷劃線前單詞的詞性確定感嘆詞(what/how)(1) fine weather it is today!A.What a B.How C.How a D.What(2)- colorful flowers they are! -Yes.They were planted to make our city more beautiful.A.What a B.How C.How a D.What(3) amazing NBA game it was!It a

18、ttracted many audiences.A.What a B.How C.What D.What an(4)- brave Zhang Hua is! -Yes.He helped his neighbour,Mrs. Sun,out of the fire.A.What a B.How C.How a D.What(5)- day it is! -Lets go out and enjoy the sunshine!A.What a lovely B.How windy C.How wet D.What a rainy五、祈使句 祈使句用來表示命令、請求、建議、勸告等語氣,通常無主語

19、,please也可以省略。1.祈使句的類型a.肯定式祈使句(動詞原形+其他成分) Come in, please.b.否定式祈使句(Dont + 動詞原形+其他成分) Dont smoke in the hospital.c.以let開頭的祈使句Lets+動詞原形+其他成分。Lets go to school.Lets not +動詞原形+其他成分。Lets not go to the movies.d.No+名詞/動名詞。No parking! No photos!2.祈使句的回答-Please listen to me carefully. -Yes,I will. -Dont open

20、the window. -Sorry,I wont.3.祈使句，and/or+陳述句。(此句型中陳述句要用一般將來時)Work harder,and youll get good grades.Hurry up,or you wont catch up with the early bus.( )1.-Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July. -Really? exciting news!( 2015長沙) A.How B.What an C.What( )2.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of t

21、he Yangtze River. great courage he showed! (2015蘇州) A. What a B. What C. How a D. How( )3.-Listen! Someone is playing the piano.-Wow! beautiful music! I like it very much. （2015安順）A.What B.How a C.What a D.How( )4.Franklin told them all to be in Britain again. （2015杭州）A.how happy was he B.how happy

22、he was C.how was he happy D.how he happy was( )5.-_ nice day today! -Yeah, lets take a walk outside. （2015婁底）A.What a B.What C.How( )6.-The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized(傾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st.- bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue(救援)? （2015襄陽）A.

23、What a B.What C.How a D.How( )7.- is your father? Does he still work as an engineer?-Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.（2015安徽）A.Who B.How C.What D.Which( )8.- does your father go to the fitness center? -He exercises there twice a week.(2015福州) A.How soon B.How often C.How long( )9.- wil

24、l the invitations be sent to our guests? -In three days. （2015廣州）A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How far( )10.- is it from the New Town to the old city centre? -Less than 30 minutes by underground. (2015無錫) A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far( )11. is it from your home to school? （2015克拉

25、瑪依）A.How far B.How long C.How soon D.How often( )12.- do I need to feed the pet dog? -Twice a day. （2015泰安）A.How long B.How much C.How soon D.How often( )13.Listen up, everybody! Show me your licence. Dont ask . Just do it!（2015無錫）A.what B.when C.how D.why( )14.-Could you please tell me you will go

26、to HongKong on business? -Sure. I prefer to take a plane.( 2015泰安) A.whether B.why C.when D.How( )15.-Wow! beautiful the music is! -Yes. Thats my favorite. （2015濟寧）A.What B.What a C.What an D.How( )16.- does Bob usually go to work? -He usually rides his bike. （2015武威）A.What B.Who C.Where D.How( )17.

27、-Could you tell me it is from the nearest shop to our school? -About five minutes walk.( 2015自貢) A.how long B.how far C.How many( )18.-You come to school early every day. is it from your home to school?-Its only about one kilometer. （2015襄陽）A.How long B.How much C.How many D.How far( )19.- can you f

28、inish your homework? -In about one and a half hours.(2015益陽) A.How fast B.How soon C.How often( )20.- did you work out the problem in such a short time? -With Mr. Lis help.(2015重慶A/C卷) A.When B.Where C.How D.Which( )21.-Excuse me, madam. Could you please tell me the bus arrives? -Sure. At 9:00.A.whe

29、re B.when C.why D.how( )22.We have to finish the work now, ?（2015呼和浩特）A.dont we B.havent we C.have we D.do we( )23.-Dont be late for school next time, ? -No, I wont. （2015安順）A.are you B.will you C.do you D.did you( )24.Nancy, seep the classroom, ?A.dont you B.do you C.will you D.doesnt she( )25.-Its

30、 Fathers Day today, ? -Yes, lets buy a gift for Dad. （2015益陽）A.isnt he B.doesnt it C.isnt it( )26.He hardly goes to school by car, he?( 2014銅仁)         A. does          B . doesnt      

31、   C. is          D. isnt( )27.- will the fog and haze last? -Ive no idea. There is no sign of an end. (2014連云港) A. How soon  B. How far    C. How long   D. How often( )28.- does your cousin usually go to

32、work on foot?              -He says its good for his health. (2014重慶市A) A. Where        B. When        C. Why         D.

33、 How( )29.- have you been in Chongqing?  -For five hears. (2014重慶市B) A. How many    B. How soon    C. How much    D. How long( )30.- are you always staying up so late these days? -To prepare for my final exam.(2014濟寧) A. How   

34、60;    B. Why          C. When        D. Where ( )31.- do you like Huo Zuns “Roll of Bead Curtain(卷珠簾)”?-Very much.You know I love songs that both have great lyrics and beautiful music. (2014東營)&

35、#160;         A. Why       B. How      C. When      D. What( )32.- do you go to the sports club? -At least once a week. (2014蘇州) A. How long      

36、; B. How often       C. How much    D. How far( )33.- people are there in your family? -Three. (2014北京)         A. How often      B. How long       C. How many&

37、#160;   D. How much( )34.- are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Amy?            -To learn about different styles of school uniform. (2014南京)          A. What   

38、0;     B. Where         C. Why           D. Which( )35.-We can invite our teachers to the farewell party next Saturday.            

39、; -Yes, ? Ill call them at once. (2014南京)           A. what for       B. what        C. why not        D. why( )36.- ? -He is of medium build and has

40、straight hair. (2014昆明)  A. What does his uncle do         B. What does his uncle look likeC. What can his uncle do          D. What is his uncle doing   ( )37.-Have you ever seen the TV show Whe

41、re Are We Going, DAD?             - . I think its quite moving and funny. (2014昆明) A. Yes, I have    B. No, I havent    C. Yes, he has    D. No, she hasnt( )38.Thanks to the 2014 Winter Olympics,

42、 Sochi is well-known, ? (2014昆明)  A. isnt it         B. was it          C. is it          D. wasnt it( )39.-Judys never been late for school, she?   &

43、#160;         - . She is always the first to get to school every morning. (2014達州) A. is; Yes       B. has; No         C. isnt; Yes      D. hasnt; No( )40.- will the

44、 breakfast be ready? Its late for work. -In a minute. (2014甘肅白銀)          A. How soon     B. How often     C. How long     D. How much( )41.- will the dinner be ready?    -Just a m

45、inute. (2014寧波)          A. How much      B. How long      C. How soon      D. How often( )42.-Excuse me, Sir. is it from here to the nearest shopping mall?    

46、         -Well, only about five minutes walk. (2014湖州)            A. How often     B. How long      C. How far       D. How soon(

47、)43.- does your cousin usually go to work on foot? -He says its good for his health. (2014重慶C)           A. Where           B. When          C. Why &#

48、160;          D. How( )44.- do you like the film , American Captain 3? -Its wonderful! I like it very much.( 2014麗水)           A. How         B. Who   

49、;      C. What          D. When( )45.- will your father come back from Beijing? -In two days. (2014泰安)          A. How often    B. How long     C. How

50、 far        D. How soon( )46.- are you going to buy for your father for Fathers Day? -A T-shirt. (2014德州)          A. What         B. When       

51、  C. Where        D. How( )47.-Look at the flowers I gave you last month. They are dying! do you water them?             -Sorry, I  forgot to water them. (2014菏澤)      &#

52、160;    A. How long     B. How often     C. How soon      D. How much( )48.- do you go to Weifang Theatre? -Once a month.(2014濰坊)             A. How soon&#

53、160;    B. How often     C. How much     D. How long( )49. wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. (2014重慶市A) A. Dont       B. Doesnt        C. Arent   

54、60;     D. Cant( )50.-Sorry Im  late.  - tell me the bus broke down again! (2014廣州)           A. Never to    B. Not   C. Dont       D. No( )51.- sweet music! Do you

55、like it?  -Mm, it beautiful! (2014銅仁) A. How; listens   B. How a; sounds    C. What a; listens    D. What; sounds( )52.-The six students from Lianyungang got the first prize in the Chinese Characters Dictation Com¬petition in Jiangsu.- exciting

56、news it is! (2014連云港) A. What   B. How     C. What an   D. How an( )53. delicious these beef noodles are! (2014年臨沂) A. What         B. How         C. What a   &

57、#160;D. How a( )54.Look! happily the chil dren are playing over there! (2014甘肅白銀)          A. How         B. What         C. What a       &#

58、160; D. How a( )55. honest man he is! (2014年煙臺)           A. What         B. W hat an        C. How         D. How an ( )56.-

59、 interesting the film is!  -Yes. I have seen it twice. (2014濱州)           A. What         B. How         C. What an       D. How an( )5

60、7. weather it is! We can go boating on the Dongchang Lake. (2014聊城)          A. How bad      B. How good    C. What good     D. What bad( )58.- fantastic documentary it is!-Do you mean the hot fi

61、lm “Diaoyu Island-The Truth”? (2014東營)          A. How        B. How a          C. What        D. What a( )59. role she played in the movie!

62、 Thats why she has a lot of fans. (2014蘇州) A.How interesting     B.How an interesting C.What interesting    D.What an interesting( )60.Look! Laura is getting the first place. fast runner she is! (2014陜西)         

63、60;A. How          B. What         C. How  a         D. What a ( )61.- brave Zhang Hua is! -Yes. He helped his neighbour, Mrs. Sun out of the fire.(2014南京)  

64、60;       A. What a          B. How        C. How a        D. What( )62.-A number of people killed by the terrorists at the Urumqi train station.