Safetygram-15安全程序-15

1、Safetygram-15安全程序-15Cylinder Pressure-Relief Devices鋼瓶減壓裝置General概述Pressure-relief devices are installed on most cylinders to prevent the rupture of a normally pressurized cylinder when it is inadvertently exposed to fire or high temperatures. There are many types of pressure-relief devices; each ha

2、s a designated use. Types of pressure-relief device designs include fusible plugs, rupture disks, rupture disks with fusible metal backing, and spring-loaded relief valves. 大多數(shù)鋼瓶上安裝有減壓裝置，以防止當(dāng)無意中暴露于火或高壓時正常加壓的鋼瓶破裂。減壓裝置有許多種類型；每種都有指定的用途。減壓裝置的設(shè)計類型包括易熔塞、破裂盤、帶易熔金屬襯里的破碎盤和彈簧減壓閥。This Safetygram identifies the

3、 pressure-relief devices used to provide cylinder protection for various compressed gases. The specific pressure-relief device designated for a compressed gas cylinder depends on many factors, including the type of gas, the Department of Transportation (DOT) rated service, test pressures of the cyli

4、nder, and the cylinder size. 本安全程序鑒別為各種壓縮氣體提供鋼瓶保護的減壓裝置。指定用于一種壓縮氣體鋼瓶的專門減壓裝置取決于許多因素，包括氣體類型、交通部（DOT）額定的壽命、鋼瓶的測試壓力和鋼瓶大小。The Compressed Gas Association (CGA) lists the pressure-relief devices to be used on specific products in their Pamphlet S-1.1“Pressure-Relief Device Standards Part 1:Cylinders for Com

5、pressed Gases.” DOT regulations require compliance with this document for the selection and use of pressure-relief devices to be used on compressed gas cylinders.在他們的手冊S-1.1“減壓裝置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第一部分：用于壓縮氣體的鋼瓶”中列出了用于專門產(chǎn)品的減壓裝置。對于用于壓縮氣體鋼瓶的減壓裝置的選擇和使用，DOT的規(guī)范要求同這個文件相一致。CAUTION: Pressure-relief devices do not permit the

6、 user to exercise any less care in following proper handling, use, and storage procedures for cylinders.警告：減壓裝置不允許用戶在遵守正確的鋼瓶操作、使用和儲存程序方面有任何的掉以輕心。Types of Cylinder Pressure-Relief Devices鋼瓶減壓裝置的類型The CGA has identified several types of pressure-relief devices:壓縮氣體協(xié)會已經(jīng)鑒定了減壓裝置的幾種類型：Type CG-1: The Ruptu

7、re Disk DeviceCG-1型：破裂盤裝置A rupture disk device is a nonreclosing pressure-relief device actuated by static pressure and designed to function by the bursting of a pressure-containing disk. The disk is the operating part of the device. It is a flat disk, typically made of metal, designed to a specific

8、ation that will allow it to burst at a predetermined pressure to permit the release of gas. Rupture disks relieve overpressure in cylinders that may result from an external fire or from overfilling. The burst pressure of rupture disks may not exceed the minimum DOT-required test pressure of the cyli

9、nder, which is generally 5/3 of the cylinder service pressure. Some exceptions to this rule are:破裂盤裝置是一個非重閉減壓裝置，它由靜壓力啟動，通過容壓盤的破裂發(fā)揮作用。破裂盤是裝置中的工作部件。它是一個平坦的盤子，多數(shù)用金屬制成，設(shè)計得允許它在預(yù)定的壓力下破裂，從而讓氣體釋放。破裂盤釋放鋼瓶內(nèi)可能源于外部著火或過量灌裝的過多的壓力。破裂盤的破裂壓力不能超過DOT要求的鋼瓶的最小測試壓力，該壓力一般是鋼瓶工作壓力的5/3。這個規(guī)定的一些例外是：The burst pressure must not

10、exceed 4500 psig for DOT-3E or CTC-3E specification cylinders.對于DOT-3E或CTC-3E規(guī)格鋼瓶，破裂壓力不能超過4500 psig。The burst pressure must not be less than105% of the cylinder test pressure or greater than 80% of the minimum burst pressure for DOT-39 cylinders. 對于DOT-39鋼瓶，破裂壓力不能小于鋼瓶測試壓力的105%，或者大于最小破裂壓力的80%。The pre

11、ssure rating of the disk is typically stamped onto the face of the device.破裂盤的額定壓力一般印在裝置的正面。Fig. 1 Type CG-1 Pressure-Relief Device 圖1 CG-1型減壓裝置Type CG-2: Fusible Plug Device Rated at 165°FCG-2型：額定在165°F的易熔塞裝置The fusible plug device is a nonreclosing pressure relief device designed to func

12、tion by the yielding or melting of a plug of fusible metal. The type CG-2 plugs use an alloy that yields at a temperature not exceeding 170°F, nor less than 157°F (165°F nominal). These devices are not suitable for service pressures exceeding 500 psig. Pressures above 500 psig may cau

13、se the fusible alloy to extrude and eventually release the product. 易熔塞裝置是一個非重閉減壓裝置，通過易熔金屬制成的塞子的變形或熔化發(fā)揮作用。CG-2型塞子使用一種合金，該合金在不超過170°F和不小于157°F (標(biāo)稱值165°F)的溫度時變形。這些裝置不適用于超過500 psig的工作壓力。500 psig以上的壓力會使易熔合金變形和最終釋放出產(chǎn)品。Failures from excess pressure are time- and pressure-dependent. These de

14、vices cannot be relied upon to protect from over pressurization at temperatures below their melting point. 過大壓力導(dǎo)致的失效同時間和壓力有關(guān)。在溫度低于它們的熔點時，不能依賴它們來防止過壓。They are designed to protect the cylinder from over pressurization caused by exposure to excessive heat only. In the event a cylinder is exposed to fir

15、e or other sources of excess heat, the fusible plug is designed to melt and release the cylinder contents. This prevents product within the cylinder from creating excessively high pressures, caused by high external temperatures, and rupturing the cylinder. The plugs may use one of several designs to

16、 hold the fusible alloy in place. (See Fig. 2.) The temperature rating of the fusible metal is stamped into the face of the device.它們只能防止僅僅由于接觸過多的熱量導(dǎo)致的鋼瓶過壓。在鋼瓶暴露于火或其它的過熱源的情況下，易熔塞熔化，鋼瓶釋放出內(nèi)容物。這就防止了鋼瓶內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品由于外界的高溫產(chǎn)生過高的壓力和鋼瓶破裂。塞子可以采用幾種設(shè)計中的一種，把易熔合金置于適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩Ｒ兹劢饘俚念~定溫度印在裝置的正面。Type CG-3: Fusible Plug Device Rat

17、ed at 212°FCG-3型：額定在212°F的易熔塞裝置This device is similar to the CG-2 pressure-relief device except that it uses a fusible metal with a higher melting temperature. The CG-3 device uses a fusible alloy with a melting point not exceeding 220°F, nor less than208°F (212°F nominal).

18、This device is most commonly found on acetylene cylinders.除了采用一種熔點更高的易熔合金之外，這個裝置同CG-2型減壓裝置相似。CG-3型減壓裝置使用熔點不超過220°F和不小于208°F (標(biāo)稱值212°F)的易熔合金。它一般用于乙炔鋼瓶。Type CG-4: Combination Rupture Disk/Fusible Alloy Rated at 165°FCG-4型：額定在165°F的破裂盤/易熔合金組合減壓裝置The CG-4 consists of a rupture d

19、isk backed by a fusible plug on the atmospheric side of the disk. The burst pressure of the disk must not exceed the minimum DOT required test pressure of the cylinder (except as noted under Type CG-1); the fusible metal must yield between 157-170°F (165°F nominal).CG-4由破裂盤和在其靠空氣一端的易熔塞組成。破

20、裂壓力不能超過DOT要求的鋼瓶的最小測試壓力（除了在CG-1型那一節(jié)注明的）；易熔金屬在157到170°F (標(biāo)稱165°F)之間變形。The combination pressure-relief device provides protection against cylinder rupture caused by fire or high temperatures. If a fire occurs, the fusible metal yields or melts and cylinder overpressure caused by the heated ga

21、s is relieved by the bursting of the rupture disk. Both the pressure and temperature requirements of the device must be satisfied before the device can function.組合減壓裝置防止了火或高溫造成的鋼瓶破裂。如果起火，易熔金屬變形或熔化；通過破裂盤的破裂釋放由被加熱的氣體造成的過壓。在減壓裝置能發(fā)揮作用之前，必須滿足裝置的壓力和溫度要求。This device will not protect a cylinder from over pr

22、essurization if the fusible alloy is not heated to its yield temperature. The fusible alloy will prevent the disk from rupture if it remains in place. The fusible metal prevents premature rupture disk failure from momentary over pressurization and also protects the disk from external corrosion which

23、 could cause premature failure of the rupture disk.如果易熔合金沒有被加熱到它的變形溫度，這個裝置無法對鋼瓶過壓加以保護。如果易熔合金保持在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?，它將防止破裂盤破裂。易熔金屬防止了由于瞬間過壓造成的破裂盤的太早失效。它還防止了導(dǎo)致破裂盤的太早失效的外部侵蝕。The face of these devices is marked with the burst pressure rating of the disk and the yield temperature of the fusible alloy.這些裝置的正面標(biāo)記著盤的破裂額定壓

24、力和易熔合金的變形溫度。Type CG-5 Combination Rupture Disk/Fusible Alloy Rated at 212°FCG-5型：額定在212°F的破裂盤/易熔合金組合減壓裝置This device is the same as the CG-4 pressure-relief device except that it uses a fusible metal with a higher melting temperature. The CG-5 device uses a fusible alloy with a melting poin

25、t not exceeding 220°F, nor less than208°F (212°F nominal).除了采用一種熔點更高的易熔合金之外，這個裝置同CG-4型減壓裝置一樣。CG-5型減壓裝置使用熔點不超過220°F和不小于208°F (標(biāo)稱值212°F)的易熔合金。Type CG-7: Pressure-Relief ValveCG-7型：減壓閥Pressure-relief valves are spring-loaded valves that are normally closed. When the cylind

26、er pressure exceeds the pressure setting of the spring in the relief valve, the valve opens and begins discharging the cylinder contents. Once the cylinder pressure decreases to the relief valves pressure setting, the valve will normally reseatwithout leakageafter venting sufficient gas to control t

27、he internal cylinder pressure. The pressure setting of the pressure-relief valve must not be less than 75%, nor more than 100% of the minimum test pressure of the cylinder. The reseating pressure must not be less than the pressure in a normally charged cylinder at 130°F.減壓閥是內(nèi)裝彈簧的閥門，一般是封閉的。當(dāng)鋼瓶壓力

28、超過減壓閥內(nèi)彈簧的壓力設(shè)定值時，閥門開啟，開始釋放鋼瓶內(nèi)容物。一旦鋼瓶壓力下降到減壓閥的壓力設(shè)定值，在排放了足夠的氣體來控制鋼瓶內(nèi)部壓力之后，正常情況下閥門會重新關(guān)閉沒有泄漏。減壓閥的壓力設(shè)定值不能小于鋼瓶的最小測試壓力的75%，也不能大于它的100%。重新關(guān)閉時的壓力不能小于130°F時鋼瓶內(nèi)的正常壓力。An exception is the relief valve on DOT-39 cylinders. With these, the set pressure must not exceed 80% of the minimum burst pressure of the c

29、ylinder and must not be less than105% of the cylinder test pressure.DOT-39鋼瓶上的減壓閥是一個例外。對于這些鋼瓶，壓力設(shè)定值不能超過最小破裂壓力的80%，也不能小于鋼瓶測試壓力的105%。Fig. 2 Type CG-2, 3 Pressure-Relief Device圖2 CG-2, 3型減壓裝置Fig. 4 Type CG-7 Pressure-Relief Device圖4 CG-7型減壓裝置Fig. 3 Type CG-4, 5 Pressure-Relief Device圖3 CG-4, 5型減壓裝置Cyli

30、nder Pressure-Relief Devices for Several Gases用于幾種氣體的鋼瓶減壓裝置Cylinder pressure-relief devices for several common industrial gases are described below. For information about relief devices on other gas cylinders, consult your supplier.下面描述用于幾種普通工業(yè)氣體的鋼瓶減壓裝置。要得到關(guān)于其它氣體鋼瓶上的減壓裝置的資料，請咨詢你的供應(yīng)商。Air, Argon, Heli

31、um, Nitrogen, Oxygen空氣、氬、氦、氮、氧These gases are nonflammable and stored in cylinders as high-pressure gases. The pressure-relief device used on these gas cylinders is normally Type CG-1.這些氣體是不可燃的，作為高壓氣體儲存在鋼瓶里。用于這些氣體鋼瓶的減壓裝置一般是CG-1型。Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide二氧化碳、一氧化二氮These products are nonflammable

32、and are stored in cylinders as liquefied compressed gases. Cylinders are normally protected by Type CG-1 pressure-relief devices. Small medical cylinders with post-type valves maybe protected by Type CG-1 rupture disks or by Type CG-4 combination rupture disk/fusible plug relief devices.這些產(chǎn)品是不可燃的，作為

33、液化壓縮氣體儲存在鋼瓶里。一般用CG-1型減壓裝置保護鋼瓶。采用CG-1型破裂盤或CG-4型組合破裂盤/易熔塞減壓裝置保護使用柱型閥門的小的醫(yī)用鋼瓶。Hydrogen氫Hydrogen is flammable and stored in cylinders as a high-pressure gas. Cylinders under 65” long must be equipped with rupture disk/fusible alloy Type CG-4 or Type CG-5 devices. Cylinders greater than 65” in length and

34、 9 5/8” in diameter must be equipped with Type CG-4, Type CG-5, or Type CG-1 rupture-disk devices. Cylinders over 65” in length and22” in diameter must use Type CG-1 rupture disk devices.氫是易燃的，作為高壓氣體儲存在鋼瓶里。長度小于65英尺的鋼瓶必須配備破裂盤/易熔塞CG-4型或CG-5型減壓裝置。長度大于65英尺、直徑大于9 5/8英尺的鋼瓶必須配備CG-4型、CG-5型或CG-1型破裂盤裝置。長度大于65

35、英尺、直徑大于22英尺的鋼瓶必須使用CG-1型破裂盤裝置。Propane, APACHITM Gas丙烷、APACHITM氣體Propane and Air Products APACHI gas are flammable. They are stored in cylinders as liquefied compressed gases. Cylinders containing these products are usually protected by Type CG-7 spring-loaded, pressure-relief valves. A Type CG-3 212&

36、#176;F fusible metal plug may be used, but only when in combination with the Type CG-7 pressure-relief valve.丙烷和Air Products的APACHITM氣體是易燃的。它們作為液化壓縮氣體儲存在鋼瓶里。通常用CG-7型彈簧減壓閥來保護裝有這些產(chǎn)品的鋼瓶。CG-3 212°F型易熔塞也可以用，但只能和CG-7型減壓閥組合使用。Acetylene乙炔Acetylene is a flammable gas stored in cylinders as a dissolved g

37、as. The cylinders are filled with a porous material saturated with a solvent, usually acetone. The acetylene dissolves into the solvent as it is placed into the cylinder. These cylinders are protected by Type CG-3 fusible metal plugs with a nominal yield temperature of 212°F. The devices are us

38、ually an integral part of the cylinder rather than being installed in the cylinder valve. Some small acetylene cylinders, Type B or MC size cylinders, are equipped with fusible plugs in the valve body.乙炔是易燃的，作為溶解氣體儲存在鋼瓶里。鋼瓶內(nèi)填充著充滿了浸透了溶劑，通常是丙酮的多孔滲水材料。當(dāng)置于鋼瓶中時，乙炔是溶解在溶劑里的。用標(biāo)稱變形溫度212°F的CG-3型易熔金屬塞保護這些

39、鋼瓶。通常減壓裝置是鋼瓶整體的一部分，而不是安裝在鋼瓶閥門上。一些小的乙炔鋼瓶，B型或MC型鋼瓶，在閥體里配備著易熔塞Medical Gas Cylinders with Post-Type Valves帶有柱型閥門的醫(yī)用氣體鋼瓶Post-type valves on small medical cylinders are generally equipped with Type CG-4 rupture disks with 165°F fusible metal backing. Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide cylinders may be

40、equipped with the CG-4 or the CG-1 devices.在小的醫(yī)用鋼瓶上的柱型閥門一般配備帶有165°F 易熔金屬襯里的CG-4型破裂盤。二氧化碳和一氧化二氮鋼瓶可以配備CG-4或CG-1型減壓裝置。Safety Considerations對安全的考慮Cylinder pressure-relief devices must be maintained in proper operating condition to function correctly.必須把鋼瓶減壓裝置維持在正常工作狀態(tài)，以便正確發(fā)揮作用。NEVER tamper with pre

41、ssure-relief devices in valves or cylinders.禁止堵塞閥門或鋼瓶的減壓裝置。Only qualified gas supplier personnel should service pressure-relief devices.只有經(jīng)過認(rèn)定的氣體供應(yīng)商的員工才能維修減壓裝置。Care should be taken when handling and storing cylinders to prevent damage to the pressure-relief devices.操作和儲存鋼瓶時必須十分小心，防止損傷減壓裝置。Do not obs

42、truct any pressure-relief device. Dirt, paint, corrosion, or other materials prevent pressure-relief devices from functioning properly.禁止阻塞任何減壓裝置。污垢、油漆、腐蝕物或其它材料阻止減壓裝置完全發(fā)揮作用。If any obstruction, deformation, or extrusion of fusible metal is observed in a pressure-relief device, notify the supplier. The cylinder should be removed from service immediately and appropriate action arranged through the supplier.如果在減壓裝置上觀察到易熔金屬的任何阻塞、變形或突起，通知供應(yīng)商。立