語法填空專項訓(xùn)練---時態(tài)語態(tài)

1、語 法 填 空 專 項 訓(xùn) 練時 態(tài) 語 態(tài)1.時態(tài)。時態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形式，表示動作發(fā)生的時間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語中的時態(tài)是通過動詞形式本身的變化來實現(xiàn)的。英語中常用的時態(tài)有16 種，但高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有十種：10 種時態(tài)構(gòu)成（以 do 為例）主要用法一般現(xiàn)在時do/does經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作，客觀事實，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)一般過去時did在過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)一般將來時will/shall do在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)過去將來時would do在過去某一時刻看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are doing表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動

2、作過去進行時was/were doing表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)止在進行的動作將來進行時will/shallbedoi ng表示將來某一時間正在進仃的動作現(xiàn)在完成時have/has done表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影 響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)過去完成時had done表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的 動詞，即“過去的過去”現(xiàn)在完成進行時have/hasbee ndoi ng表示一個從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作2.語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由“ be+

3、過去分詞”構(gòu)成，不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的形式由be 來體現(xiàn)，如一般過去時的被動語態(tài)就是was/were+過去分詞，一般將來時的被動語態(tài)就是“ will be + 過去分詞”。解題技巧在語法填空中，一般有一空是考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)，同時有一空是考查非謂語動詞，因此，首先要判斷括號中所給動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，一是根據(jù)主語與謂語動詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)，二是根據(jù)具體的語境來判斷用哪一種時態(tài)，進而確定所填動詞的形式。例 1: This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. B

4、eing too anxious tohelp an eve nt develop ofte n 40 （result） in the con trary to our inten ti on. （2008廣東）分析：因句中 Bei ng too an xious to help an event develop是動名詞短語作主語，括號中的result 應(yīng)當為謂語 法 填 空 專 項 訓(xùn) 練時 態(tài) 語 態(tài)語動詞；主語與謂語動詞是主動關(guān)系，再說短語動詞result in 本身是不能用于被動語態(tài)的，故用主動語態(tài)；根據(jù)語境， 這段話是拔苗助長這個成語故事所說明的道理， “我們必須讓事物沿著它們的自然

5、進程發(fā)展。 太著急幫 助一件事物發(fā)展， 結(jié)果往往和我們的意圖相反 （欲速則不達）。 ”這是客觀真理， 應(yīng)當用一般現(xiàn)在時， 主語是第 三人稱單數(shù)， 故填 results 。例 2： The policeman s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ （place） underthe Minister s car. （2005 廣東 ） 分析：替代 the box 的關(guān)系代詞 which 在定語從句中作主語， place 應(yīng)當為謂語動詞；因主語 which （the box） 與 place （ 放置 ） 是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語

6、態(tài)；又因 place 這個動作發(fā)生在 was caught 這個動作之前，即“過去 的過去”，用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故填 had been placed 。一、單句填空：用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ (not live) here any more. (全國 I)2. This machine _ (not work). It hasn t worked for years. ( 浙江 )3. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sa

7、les by 20 percent. (全國n)4. Population experts predict that most people _ (live) in cities in the near future. (上海春)5. He _ (play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津 )6. - Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?- Yes, since she _ (join) the Chinese Society. (寧夏 )7. Teenagers

8、 _(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重慶 )8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn t get through. Her brother _(talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南 )9. John promised his doctor he _ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京 )10. By this time to

9、morrow, I_ (lie) on the beach11. So far this year we _ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建)12. The hotel wasn t particularly good. But I _ (stay) in many worse hotels. ( 北京 )13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ (know) each otherfor years.

10、( 遼寧 )14. - I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.- I think so. He _ (prepare) for it for months. (江蘇 )15. The telephone _ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. ( 四川)16. -Did you go to the show last night?-Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _(invite). ( 陜西)17. -Whats t

11、hat noise?- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _ (test). ( 浙江 )18. I like these English songs and they_ (teach) many times on the radio. ( 安徽)二、語篇填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為3140 的相應(yīng)位置上。(以動詞時態(tài)為主)(1)It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and

12、I 1_(wear) a coat. I walkedup to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2_ (take) out my key 3_ I couldnt findit. I suddenly remembered thatI had left 4_ on my desk in the office. It really didnt make5_ difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school6_ now, s

13、o I knocked at the door.There was no answer, so I knocked again. I 7_ (continue) knocking at the door for sometime. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8(phone) saying that she 9_ (go) shopping in the afternoon withthe children.Th

14、ere was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 1 0_ a window.(2)When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother 1_(turn)the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.“Wouldnt it work 2_ (quick) if a machine turned the wheel for you? ” h e asked.“I suppose it would,” s

15、aid his mother, without 3_(pay) him any attention.Christopher 4_ (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted 5_ (help) her.Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father had bought 6 _ as a gift.“I7_ (make) betteruse of it, ”little Christopher said to himself.So, when his mother8_(notuse) her sewing-machine,hefixedthe toy steam-engineonto it.When the job9_(finish), hewasquitepleased, 10_(think)his mother11_ (like) it.“ Very clever, ” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat dow