限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句有四大區(qū)別

1、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句有四大區(qū)別，一、在句中作用不同限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整。非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對其作一些附加說明，不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去，主句的意義仍然完整。二、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同限制性定語從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切，所以不可以用逗號將其與主句隔開；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，所以可用逗號將其與主句隔開。例1. This is the place where he used to live.例 2. Mr. Zhang，who came

2、 to see me yesterday，is an old friend of mine.在例 1中，定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，為限制性定語從句，不可用逗號將其與主句隔開。在例2中，定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，為非限制性定語從句，可用逗號將其與主句隔開。三、先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語，而特殊情況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句，此時非限制性定語從句常由 which 引導(dǎo)。例：1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband，which frightened me very much.由語境可知，令“我

3、”恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為“中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這整個一件事，因此先行詞為整個主句，此時應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。例：2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.由語境可知，令所有在場的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是“一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語”這整個一件事，因此先行詞為整個主句，此時應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。四、關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同（一） that 不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句所有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，大多數(shù)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系

4、副詞可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但 that 不可。例如：他沒通過這次考試，令我很失望。誤：He didn't pass the exam，that disappointed me.正：He didn't pass the exam，which disappointed me.值得注意的是，不少同學(xué)誤認(rèn)為只有 which 才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，這個觀點是不正確的。使用非限制性定語從句時，如果先行詞指人，則用 who ， whom或 whose 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；先行詞指物可用 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；先行詞表時間或地點且在從句中作時間狀語或地點狀語時，可用 whe

5、n，where 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例1. We'll graduate in July，when we will be free.例2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing，where a conference was to be held.（二）關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可用 who 來代替。例: 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.先行詞 the girl 在限制性定語從句中作賓語

6、，可用 who 代替 whom .例: 2. A young man had a new girl friend，whom he wanted to impress.先行詞 a new girl friend 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語，不可用 who 代替 whom .在限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定語從句中先行詞指人時，不可用 that 代替 who/whom .例：她有一個姐姐，她是教師。誤： She has a sister，that is a teacher.正：She has a sister，who is teacher.

7、（三）關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省去，非限制性定語從句的所有關(guān)系詞均不可省。例 1. This is the book（which/that）he lost yesterday.先行詞 the book 在限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞 which 或 that 可以省略。例 2. The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.先行詞 the book 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞 which 不可省。(四）as引導(dǎo)定語從句時的用法 as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于the same as, such

8、as結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the

9、 first place again in this mid-term examination. 3）as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時與which的區(qū)別 當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時，用as；反之，用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected. 當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導(dǎo)。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 定語從句有時不

10、直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。這種定語從句叫做分隔性定語從句e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時可以用“介詞 + which”來代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時，短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。e.g. The sick man whom

11、she is looking after is her father.6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the ex

12、am. They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The t

13、ree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her da

14、ughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the

15、 hill there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根據(jù)句子意思，用介詞關(guān)系代詞whom或which 完成下列句子.1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much

16、.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.一、限制性、非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1.作用不同：限制性定語從句在意義上與先行詞關(guān)系密切，不可缺少的定語，去掉主句意思不完整或失去意義。非限制性

17、和主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對先行詞作附加的說明，去掉主句意思仍然清楚。His brother who lives in London will go to America next week.他住在倫敦的哥哥（可能還有別的）His brother ，who lives in London ，will go to America next week.（只有一個哥哥）2.形式不同：限無逗號，非限用逗號隔開。3.先行詞：限制：一般noun/pron非限：專有noun或受物主、指示代詞修飾的noun或句子4.關(guān)系詞不同：that，why不能引導(dǎo)非限非限：thatwhich；whyfor whichI

18、 have told him them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.Her son is very smart, which makes her happy.5.關(guān)系詞替代情況不同（1）.限制：whom作賓語時可用who替代whom非限：whom作賓語時不能用who替代whom，Prep+whom=whoThis is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre.A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.（2）.限制

19、：指人that，who，whom非限：指人who，whom6.關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同限制：關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可省略（prep后不可）非限：所有關(guān)系詞不可省略二.as 和which的選擇（非限中）Same：都可以指代整個句子的內(nèi)容，非限定語從句位于句末且as 或which作主語、賓語或表語時，常可互換。He married her, as /which was natural.He is an old kind fisherman, as /which anybody can see.(賓語)Different：(1) 如非限定語從句位于主句之前，只能用as。As is known to every

20、body, the moon travels around the earth once every month.Edison, as is known to all, invented the electric lamp.（2）as在從句中作主語，后面常+行為v的被動式Which在從句中作主語，后面常+行為v的主動式A big earthquke occurred in Sichuan last night, as was reported on TV.He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.(3) as引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上不可與主句相

21、悖，而which引導(dǎo)的不受此限制。Change-1 has been launched successfully, as was expected.The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadnt expected.(4) as常用在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中As we know/ as is known to all/ as we all can seeAs is often the case 情況常常是這樣As might be imagined 可以想象得到As might be expected 正如所預(yù)料的那樣As has been pointed out 正如所指出的那樣As has been said before/above 正如前文所述As （it） often happens 像往常一樣She has been absent again, as （it） often happens.（5）當(dāng)which在從句中指代的是先行詞本身（一個先行詞）而不是主句時，不可用as代替whichThe dog, which we saw in the street yeaterday, is Marys.四