吳偉仁美國文學(xué)第一冊學(xué)習(xí)指南填空題集合

1、1. Early in the seventeenth century, the English settlements iVn irginia and Massachusett sbegan the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.2. The earliest settlers in America includeD utch, Swedes, Germans, French,Spaniards, Italiansa nd Portuguese.3. The first permanent

2、English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.4. Captain John Smith's reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinctly American literature to be written in English.5. There was a little of the religious fermen

3、t ans zeal that inspired such a tide of literature to flow Puritan New England.6. The Puritans had come to New English for the sake o rfeligious freedom, while Virginia had been planted mainly as ac ommercial venture.7. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated muc

4、h of the earliest American writing, including the sermons, books, and letters of such noted Puritan clergymen as John Cotton and Cotton Mather.8. William Bradford , first governor of Plymouth, and John Winthrop, who held the same post at Boston, were superior to even the remarkable qualities that di

5、stinguished many of their associations. Each has left a priceless gift: the former, The History of Plymouth plantation, the latter, the History of New England.9. The best way to learn more of the colonial Puritan mind is to meet two important figures, John Cotton and Roger Williams.10. Most Puritan

6、verse was directly plodding, but the work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.1. Who were the earliest settlers? Where were they then? Who was the most influential group?2. What were the first American writings?3. Could you give a description of Americ

7、an Puritans?1. As we have seen,t heology dominated the Puritan phase of American writing. Politics was the next great subject to command the attention of the best minds.2. Freedom was won as much by the fiery rhetoric of Thomas Pain'se Common Sense and the eloquence of theD eclaration of Indepen

8、dence as by the weapons of Washington or Lafayette.3. The British government hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw materials abroad and to import finished goods at prices higher than the lost of making them in this country.4. American Enlightenment dealt a decisive blow upon t

9、he puritan traditions and brought to life secular education and literature.5. The secular ideals of American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of Benjamin Franklin, who instructed his countrymen as ap rinter, not a priest.6. In 1783, the year the United States achieved its indepe

10、ndencNe,o ah Websterdeclared, “America must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for arms” .7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Born in Boston in 1706, Benjamin Franklin went to Philadelphia as a young manand began his career as par inter.F

11、rom 1732 to 1758, Franklin wrote and published his famou sPoor Richard's Almanac, an annual collection of proverbs.Thomas Paine was the “Great Commoner of Mankind”, son of a nominal Quaker of Thetford, England.On January 10,1776, Paine's famous pamphletsC ommon Sens eappeared.Philip Freneau

12、is perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-Revolutionary period.Freneau wasn eoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit. For a few years, writing with sporadic fluency, Freneau earned his living variously as farmer, journalist and sea captain.As a poet, Freneau herald

13、ed American literary independence, his close observation of nature distinguished his treatment of indigenous wild life andother native American subjects.Freneau has been called th“e Father of American Poetry”, and it i ultimately in a historical estimate that Freneau is important.What is your impres

14、sion upon the person of Benjamin Franklin?What belief does the Autobiography stand fo？rWhat is Thomas Paine's Common Sense about?What does Freneau's poem The Wild Hony Suckle indicate?Say something about the style of the AutobiographyIn 1828 the election of the frontier hero Andrew Jackson a

15、s the seventh President of the United States had brought an effective end to th“eV irginia Dynasty ” of American President.The United States had been a republic of smalal ndlords, without sharp contrasts of wealth.Through the first half of the century the pursuit of simplicity, utility and perfectio

16、n remained an American characteristic.In 1837 the first college-level institution for women Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, opened inM assachusettst o serve the“ muslin sex”.Washington Irving' Sketch Bookb ecame the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the At

17、lantic.The attitudes of America's writers were sharped by theirN ew World environment and an array of ideas inherited from ther omantic traditions of Europe. Romantic values were prominent in American politics, art and philosophy until the Civil War.As a moral philosophy, Transcendentalism was n

18、eithelro gical nor systematized. Romantic writers placed increasing value on thefr ee expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to thep sychic states of their characters.10. In 1828 Noah Webste rpublished An American Dictionary of the English language.11. At mid-century a cultural rea

19、wakening brought a “flowering of New England ”. Led by Hawthorne, Emerson, and Thoreau and stirred by the teachings of transcendentalism, writers of Boston and nearby towns and villages produced a New England literary renaissance.12. Washington Irving was the first great prose stylist of American ro

20、manticism, and his familiar style was destined to outline the formal prose of such contemporaries as Scott and Cooper, and to provide a model for the prevailing prose narrative of the future.13. Washington Irving was the first greatb elletrist, writing always for pleasure, and to produce pleasure.14

21、. The Spyb y Cooper was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.15. Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular storiesT he sea adventure tale and the frontier saga.16. Cooper's enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels tha

22、t comprise the Leatherstocking Tales.17. In their order of events, the novels in the Leatherstocking Tale areT he Deerslayer, The last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneer sand The Prairie .18. The central figure in the novels, Natty Bumppo, goes by the various names of Leatherstocking, Deer

23、slayer, Pathfinder, and Hawkeye.19. In 1817, the stately poem called“ Thanatopsis” by William Cullen Bryant introduced the best poet to appear in America up to that time.20. Ralph Waldo Emerson was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England.21. Emerson believed above all ini ndividual

24、ism, independence of mind and self-reliance.22. Two speechesT he American Scholar and The Divinity School Address by Emerson made him famous.23. Emerson's truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerso'ns theories, was Henry David Thoreau.24. For Thoreau, as for Emerson ,self-

25、reliance and independence of mind ranked above all.25. The essayC ivil Disobedience stated Thoreau's belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.26. The House of the Seven Gable dseals with the effects of a curse, and though the tale itself is fiction, the ger

26、m of the story sprang from the authe'rs family history.27. The book Moby-Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.28. What baffled its early readers of Moby-Dick was the book's wild extravagances of mood and language, its effect of

27、 what the modern critic Van Wyck Brooks calls “ a shreddedS hakespeareanp lay”.29. Irving had been notably successful in domesticating European subject matter while employing a British prose style: now Longfellow domesticated European meters as in his adoption of classical Greek meters to tell the story of Evangeline Bellefontaine.30. The gentleness, sweetnes asnd purity for which his poetry