高語境低語境presentation

1、一個美國人苦學(xué)漢語十年，自信滿滿到中國參加漢語考試，結(jié)果打開一個美國人苦學(xué)漢語十年，自信滿滿到中國參加漢語考試，結(jié)果打開試卷只看了一眼，就淚流滿面，交白卷回國了。試題如下：試卷只看了一眼，就淚流滿面，交白卷回國了。試題如下：請解釋下文中每個請解釋下文中每個“意思意思”的意思。的意思。小明給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)送紅包時，兩人的對話頗有意思。小明給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)送紅包時，兩人的對話頗有意思。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：“你這是什么意思？你這是什么意思？” 小明：小明：“沒什么意思，意思意思。沒什么意思，意思意思?！?領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：“你這就不夠意思了。你這就不夠意思了。” 小明：小明：“小意思，小意思。小意思，小意思?！?領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：“你這人

2、真有意思。你這人真有意思?！?小明：小明：“其實(shí)也沒有別的意思。其實(shí)也沒有別的意思?！?領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：“那我就不好意思了。那我就不好意思了?！?小明：小明：“是我不好意思。是我不好意思。”領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：你這是想干什么？小明：我不干什么，就給您送點(diǎn)禮物。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：我這么正直，怎么能接受下屬的送禮呢，你給我送禮不是限我于不義么。小明：沒什么好東西，不算是送禮，您就不要推辭了。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：你這人真懂事。小明：您別多想，我只是單純的想和您多溝通溝通，沒有說送您東西讓您辦事的想法（其實(shí)就是向您示好，能關(guān)照的地方關(guān)照一下）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：那我就收下了。小明：（送完禮謙虛的說法）您不嫌棄禮物輕就好。High contextLow con

3、textBy Amanda, SWUDefinitionsCharacters & differences Causes BibliographyPPT模板下載：行業(yè)PPT模板：節(jié)日PPT模板：素材下載：PPT背景圖片：圖表下載：優(yōu)秀PPT下載：教程： Word教程： 教程：資料下載：課件下載：范文下載：試卷下載：教案下載：論壇： CONTENTSCathyADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREJohnTonyTomADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT H

4、EREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HERETFTFEdward T. HallEdward T. HallCONTEXT“The information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of the event.”High context(HC)A high-context communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person,

5、 while very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message.Low context(LC)A Low-context communication is just the opposite, i.e., the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code.American Indian , Latin American, Japanese, Arab, Chinese, African American, KoreanHigh Cont

6、ext CultureLow-Context CultureGerman, Swiss, Scandinavian, North American JapaneseChineseKoreanAfrican AmericanNative AmericanArabGreekLatinItalianEnglishFrenchAmericanScandinavianGermanGerman/SwissCultures arranged along the high-context & low- context dimensionCathyADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR T

7、EXT HEREJohnTonyTomADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HERE“I love you”I love you”“私愛私愛”和和“我君愛我君愛”“月綺麗月綺麗”（今夜的月色真美）（今夜的月色真美）“気気”（小心一點(diǎn)）（小心一點(diǎn)）Most of the information is either in the physical context or initialized in the person.The m

8、ass of information is vested in the explicit code.Dense, intersecting networks,long-term relationships, strong boundaries, relationship is more important than task .Loose, wide networks, shorter term, compartmentalized relationships, task is more important than relationship. High-context culture Low

9、-context culture The Structure of RelationshipsImplicit, complicated patterns, hard to explain Explicit, consciously organized Main Type of Cultural KnowledgeRelationships depend on trust, build up slowly, and are stable. Relationships begin and end quickly. Many people can be inside ones circle; ci

10、rcles boundary is not clear.Things get done by relationships with people and attention to group process. Things get done by following procedures and paying attention to the goal.Ones identity is rooted in groups (family, culture, work). AssociationOnes identity is rooted in oneself and ones accompli

11、shments. Social structure is decentralized.High use of nonverbal elements; voice tone, facial expression, gestures, and eye movement carry significant parts of conversation. Message is carried more by words than by nonverbal means.Verbal message is indirect; one talks around the point. Verbal messag

12、e is direct; one spells things out exactly.Communication is seen as a way of exchanging information, ideas, and opinions.InteractionCommunication is seen as an art form -a way of engaging someone.Disagreement is personalized. (One is sensitive to conflict with another. Conflict must be solved or avo

13、ided before work. )Disagreement is depersonalized.(One withdraws from conflict with another and gets on with the task. Focus is on rational solutions, not personal ones. )CathyADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREJohnTonyTomADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD Y

14、OUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HERECathyADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREJohnTonyTomADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HERE2022-1-312022-1-31CathyADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREJohnTonyADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YO

15、UR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREDiversityCauses low racial diversity less homogeneous HomogeneousTradition and history a strong sense of tradition and history change a lot change very little over time “eloquence”“Silence sends a better message than words”CathyADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREJohnTonyTomADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREADD YOUR TEXT HEREBibliography Hall, E.T. Beyond Culture. New York: Doubleday, 1976.胡超，“高語境與低語境交際的文化淵源”