在華跨國公司的跨文化沖突及其影響因素探討

1、 Unit 3 The Units of EnglishCheck your understandingState whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. All words in English have a hierarchical structure. FNote: Mon-morphemic words do not.2. Clipping is one of the three most important devices of word-formation in English. F。 Note: T

2、he three most important devices are affixation, compounding (or composition and conversion (or functional shift. 3. Idioms in English are modifiable in some grammatical ways. T4. The presence of constructions is unique to English. F5. Every English sentence has a subject. FNote: Imperative sentences

3、 do not have any subject. In-Class Activities1ASK:(1 What is the infix used in the above language data? “-um-“(2 What is the verb form in Bontoc for “to be poor”, given that pusi means “poor”?“pumusi”2. ASK:(1 What is the Samoan for: (a “they travel” (b “he sings” respectively?(a savavali (b pese中美女

4、人對獨立的觀點也不一樣，中國的女人們認為只要自己有了工作就獨立了，但看 (2 Formulate a morphological rule regarding how to form the plural verb form from the singular verb form in Samoan.Duplicate the penultimate syllable.3. ASK:(1 Which other affixes are there in English that function as markers of negation?dis-, non-, a-, in-, il-,

5、im-, ir- (2 What pattern underlies the use of un- in the data above?Positive terms can have negative morphemes added to them, as in “happy-unhappy”, but semantically negative ones rarely do, because un- is deprecatory as well as negative.(3 Why are “ungood” and “unbig” not found in English, although

6、 George Orwell coined “ungood” in his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four? Do you think they are accidental gaps in the lexicon of English?There already exist words that correspond to “ungood” and “unbig”. It is not accidental. This is what is technically called lexical blocking.(4 Read the following extract

7、 from Lewis Carrolls Through the Looking-Glass. How do you think Humpty Dumpty would explain the word “un-birthday” to Alice?“Un-birthday” means some day that is not ones birthday. (5 The fact that un- can be both a verb prefix and an adjective prefix may explain the occurrence of the ambiguous word

8、 “unlockable”. Can you imagine two situations corresponding to the two senses of the word? Can you give more examples like “unlockable”?Imagine you are inside a room and you want some privacy. You would be unhappy to find the door is unlockable “not able to be locked.” Now imagine you are inside a l

9、ocked room trying to get out. You would be very relieved to find that the door is unlockable “able to be unlocked.” These two meanings correspond to two different structures, as follows:看我們身邊走進婚姻的女人們， Adjective Adjectiveun- Adjective Verb -ableVerb -able un- Verblock lockIn the first structure the v

10、erb “l(fā)ock” combines with the suffix able to form the adjective lockable (“able to be locked”. Then the prefix un-, meaning “not,” combines with the derived adjective to form a new adjective unlockable (“not able to be locked”. In the second case, the prefix un- combines with the verb lock to form a

11、derived verb, unlock. Then the derived verb combines with the suffix able to form unlockable, “able to be unlocked.” Other examples are unbuttonalbe, unzippable, and unlatchable.4. ASK:(1 How are the verbs in Column A different from those in Column B? Verbs in Column A are transitive while those in

12、Column B are generally intransitive. (2 Can we use “able to be X-ed” to paraphrase “perishable”?No. “Perish” is intransitive.(3 A further complication with -able is that in words like “unthinkable”, the suffix means more than “able to be X-ed”. Why? Can you think of more words of this type?unbreakab

13、le, presentable, readable, questionable, payable, washable. (4 Now, lets look at another complication. None of the following words are permitted. What does this suggest about the use of the suffix “-able”?“-able” are not attached to nouns, adjectives, or prepositions.5. （當然也有很多是為了(1 Note the contras

14、t between list A and List B. Can you think of any reason that can explain why the set of words on List B are impossible words in English?孩子），因為離開了老公，自己的錢可能只夠養(yǎng)活自己，連孩子都養(yǎng)不了，更不要說過回那 種經(jīng)濟寬裕一點的生活，很多離婚后的女人回到父母那里生活（就是婚前，和父母一起生活 也很普遍）。美國女人沒有這種觀點，一旦長大有了工作很多都租房子搬出去住，自己獨自 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights res