2018浙江省中考英語語法填空應(yīng)試技巧學(xué)案(無答案)

1、語法填空應(yīng)試技巧一、已給單詞提示題型的技巧此類題可以考查學(xué)生對單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩種，一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化，一是詞的派生變化。在判斷出詞的變化之后還應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步審題，看是否需要使用復(fù)合的變化形式，這一點是很重要的。技巧一：名詞形式變化。名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。例：There are many students living at school，the          (child) houses are all far from schoo1由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)

2、數(shù)，且作為houses的定語，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式 復(fù)數(shù)的所有格childrens。技巧二：動詞形式變化。動詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語的變化(時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣)，有非謂語的變化(不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)。例：A talk        (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出，報告是“將來”作的，故用不定式；且報告是give動作的承受者，故可以判斷出

3、橫線所在處用give的不定式被動式to be given。技巧三：代詞形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個不定代詞的形式變化，如no onenone、otheranother等。例：The king decided to see the painter by        (he).由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。技巧四：形容詞、副詞比較級變化。英語中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級的變化。構(gòu)成比較級和最高

4、級的方式，或通過加后綴一er和est，或在詞前Imoreless和mostleast，且形容詞的最高級還要冠以the。例：I am (tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest students in my class此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)ess tall”。技巧五：數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及onetwo的特殊變化形式 oncetwice例：To my three sons

5、I leave my seventeen horsesMy eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a             (three).從上下文連續(xù)起來理解，這是一個分馬的計劃，大兒子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。技巧六：詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語單詞中是很常見的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學(xué)生

6、對詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very_(happiness)在這道題中，學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞；錢包丟了，人應(yīng)該是不開心的，所以要再加個前綴un，就成了unhappy。二、未給單詞提示題型的技巧此類題難度較大，但也是有方法對付的。技巧七：固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個固定短語，但有時要對橫線前或后的幾個單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying_，dirty but happy.從

7、句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應(yīng)用enj0y oneself短語，故其答案為themselves。例2：His boss was_angry as to fire him如果“跳過”橫線后面的angry，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個關(guān)聯(lián)短語so.as to.，所以，so是正解。技巧八：從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句是此題型最為常見的一個方向，主要檢測學(xué)生對引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。例1：He did not done_his father had asked him to do審題可知，橫線所在為賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此引導(dǎo)詞在從旬中充當(dāng)賓語，且指物，所以是what。例2：Those_want to go t

8、o the village must sign here經(jīng)過觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，進(jìn)一步觀察可知先行詞為those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定語從句中做主語。技巧九：短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語動詞是以動詞為中心的兩個或多個詞構(gòu)成的短語，此類短語中往往是動詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例1：The us consists_fifty states根據(jù)常識可知，美國由50個州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由.組成”，所以答案是of。例2：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask forleave to take_of her生病需要人

9、照顧，所以答案是care，與前后詞構(gòu)成take care of。技巧十：短語介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語介詞即多個詞的組合。起介詞作用的短語，如：except for，due to等。例1：Mr Smith took a plane to London_of taking a train.此題中說到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語instead of。例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_of him.細(xì)心觀察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可構(gòu)成in front of，此題得解。技巧十一：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞

10、有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語有bothand.，eitheror.，neithernor.，not onlybut also.等。例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family was too poor此處表示原因，引導(dǎo)的分句其實是一種解釋說明，不是必然的因果關(guān)系，且前面有逗號隔開，所以填for。例2：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both?and，故答案為Both。技巧十二：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，

11、an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆?；副詞的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackie likes to drive at_ high speed這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成at a high speed，“以高速”開車。例2：Old Toms granddaughter used to visit him_Saturday afternoonSaturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞in，而用on才是正解。例3：Though Liu Qiang d

12、id the same work_Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay_Zhang Wen.第一條橫線可由前面的the same斷出用as，第二條橫線則可由lower斷出比較意義，故答案為than。例4：It was only one day left，_，his father had no idea to answer him觀察上下句，可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且橫線與前后用逗號隔開，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。這一招是最為靈活的，但也是最難的。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自己積累的知識，填入某個已出現(xiàn)的詞，或其反義詞，或其同類的

13、某個詞。答案的線索可能在本句，可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句，還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠(yuǎn)的地方上下段中與此段位置大體相當(dāng)?shù)木渥?。如果該橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句，則線索可能在上下段的首句；如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末句，則線索可能在上下段的末句，以此類推。例：Tony_travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV由第二句話中的dislikes可以判斷，此橫線處應(yīng)該是填其反義詞likes。上述十三條技巧概括了此題型的多數(shù)考查方向，能夠較大地提高同學(xué)們在此題型上的得分率。 語法填空閱讀下面短文或?qū)υ?，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適

14、當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空（每空不多于3個單詞）。2018杭州一模While looking out over the snowy Austrian landscape, take a deep breath of the fresh, cold air. The weather here is cool. Even in summer it (usual) has temperatures below 23>C. There are many reasons why we visit Austria the scenic views, hiking trails, histo

15、ric sites, and the reason has attracted the interest of many diving! It may sound surprising, Austria is home to fantastic lakes. Many divers dare to jump into the freezing waters with (they) diving suits. Every spring, snow from the mountains melts and floods the valley below to create amazing lake

16、Green Lake. It has been one of （popular） dive spots in recent years. If ice diving is a little too cold, Lake Klopein (regard) to be a warm lake in Austria. Unfortunately, the increase of the popularity, the natural environment was being destroyed. As a result, all water sports, including diving, we

17、re stopped in 2016. But there (be) good news! Visitors can still enjoy the unique (beautiful) of the lake and explore the surrounding park. unusually, which/that, but, their, an, the most popular, is regarded, with, is , beautyI will never forget the Art Festival in my high school when I won a big p

18、rize. All my teachers and classmates think I have a gift for (paint). However, when I was a pupil in the primary school, I did not like art lessons because I could not draw very well. In fact, my drawings were much (bad) than most of my classmates.One day, when I (play) with some paint Ms. Smiths ar

19、t lesson began. I mixed the pain with water as usual. As I look the brush away, I (drop) the pain onto the paper. Looking at the mark, I decided (blow) it. The paint began to run, and I blew harder. The pain ran in all (direction) quickly and made a very interesting picture! I forgot that I was in c

20、lass Ms. Smith came by my desk. With a big smile on her face, she said, “ Thats very good picture, Sandy.” After class, she encourage (I) to keep trying and make more pictures. I made a lot of (wonder) pictures later with her help. Since then, I have been crazy about crayons and paints. I enjoy myse

21、lf in the world of colors every time I paint. painting, worse, was playing, dropped, to blow, directions, until, a, me, wonderfulThere are so many languages that you cant hope to learn them all, there is one language which you can communicate with everywhere: your smile. Smiling can show people that

22、 youre friendly. And , we have more than fifty different (kind) of smile for different situations. When something is funny, we usually smile with open mouth. If we are happy, our eyes become (small) when we smile, but if the skin around our eyes doesnt move, our smile is not real. If we are proud of something, we keep our lips together. But what if you are in a bad mood? Its hard to be happy all the time. Some people try to cheer (they) up by watching