著名作家查爾斯

1、查爾斯查爾斯狄更斯狄更斯（Charles DickensCharles Dickens，1812181218701870）* *C.D is one of the greatest C.D is one of the greatest Victorian writersVictorian writers英國維多利亞小說最重要的代表英國維多利亞小說最重要的代表* *“ the genius who most fully the genius who most fully expressed his contemporaries in expressed his contemporaries in

2、 the common interest”-the common interest”-Stefan Zweig “一個最充分地表達了他同時代人一個最充分地表達了他同時代人的共同趣味的天才的共同趣味的天才”（斯蒂芬（斯蒂芬- -茨威格茨威格語）。語）。Features of Dickens Novels狄更斯文學創(chuàng)作的特色狄更斯文學創(chuàng)作的特色Sharp social criticism. 尖銳的社會批評尖銳的社會批評 Gentle humanitarian. 溫和的人道主義溫和的人道主義v i v i d o u t w a r d portrayal 生動生動的人物塑造的人物塑造Humorou

3、s and Pungent irony幽默辛辣的諷刺幽默辛辣的諷刺The examples of his humorous and pungent ironyHis skin is not healthy, the lack of a natural pigment, if he was cut, perhaps even the flow of blood is white. 他的皮膚是不健康的，缺少了自然的色素，如果他被刀割了以后，他的皮膚是不健康的，缺少了自然的色素，如果他被刀割了以后，可能連流出來的血也是白的?？赡苓B流出來的血也是白的。（艱難時世）He doesnt have much

4、 hair, you probably thought it was because he talked too much and makes hair turn away, leaving it a bit disorganized and pricked up, also because of his strong wind wafted, put them into the same. 他沒有多少頭發(fā)，你可能以為是由于他談話談得太多而把頭發(fā)談他沒有多少頭發(fā)，你可能以為是由于他談話談得太多而把頭發(fā)談掉了，剩下來的那一點兒雜亂無章地豎了起來，也是由于他那大掉了，剩下來的那一點兒雜亂無章地豎了

5、起來，也是由于他那大風似的吹勁兒，把它們吹成那個樣子的。風似的吹勁兒，把它們吹成那個樣子的。 （艱難時世）Early period (1836- 45):狄更斯的早期創(chuàng)作特點狄更斯的早期創(chuàng)作特點Gentle social criticism 溫和的社會諷刺溫和的社會諷刺Fantastic optimism 充滿幻想的樂觀精神充滿幻想的樂觀精神Novela picaresca “流浪漢小說流浪漢小說”的結構模式的結構模式Exaggeration 夸張的藝術手法夸張的藝術手法His representative works of that time The Pickwick Papers 匹匹克威

6、克外傳克威克外傳（1837）Oliver Twist 奧利佛奧利佛退斯退斯特特(又名又名霧都孤兒霧都孤兒)（1838）The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店老古玩店（1839）Nicholas Nickleby 尼古尼古拉斯拉斯尼科爾貝尼科爾貝（1841）The middle period (1846- 57):狄更斯的中期創(chuàng)作狄更斯的中期創(chuàng)作He criticise bourgeois and their morality 對資產(chǎn)者及其道德的辛辣批判對資產(chǎn)者及其道德的辛辣批判Gentle Moralism 溫和的道德主義溫和的道德主義The plot and structur

7、e are more complete unified 情節(jié)結構更為完整統(tǒng)一情節(jié)結構更為完整統(tǒng)一Humor and satire 幽默諷刺風格幽默諷刺風格His representative works of that timeAmerican Notes 美國札美國札記記（1842） Martin Chuzzlewit 馬馬丁丁瞿述偉瞿述偉（1843）Dombey and Son 董貝董貝父子父子（1848）David Copperfield 大大衛(wèi)衛(wèi)科波菲爾科波菲爾（1852）The later period (1858- 70):狄更斯的晚期創(chuàng)作狄更斯的晚期創(chuàng)作Humor and sat

8、ire Social Criticism 廣泛、尖銳的廣泛、尖銳的社會批判社會批判Gentle Reformism and Strong humanitarian 溫和的改良主溫和的改良主義和強烈的人道主義義和強烈的人道主義Exploration of mans inner conflicts 尖銳的矛盾沖突主導情節(jié)設計尖銳的矛盾沖突主導情節(jié)設計 Symbolism 象征手法象征手法His representative works of that timeBleak House 荒涼山莊荒涼山莊（1853）Hard Times 艱難時世艱難時世（1854）Little Dorrit 小杜麗小杜

9、麗（1857）A Tale of Two Cities 雙城記雙城記（1859）Great Expectations 遠大前程遠大前程（1861）Our Mutual Friend 我們共同我們共同的朋友的朋友（1865）The background of Oliver Twistthe author wrote the novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneat

10、h the narrow and dirty streets in London. And reflect the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century Oliver TwistThe novels protagonist. He is an orphan born in a workhouse, and Dickens uses his situation to criticize public policy toward the poor in 1830s in England. Though he is treated wi

11、th cruelty and surrounded by coarseness for most of his life, he is a pious虔誠的, innocent child, and his charms draw the attention of several wealthy benefactors. His true identity is the central mystery of the novel. FaginA conniving career criminal. Fagin takes in homeless children and trains them

12、to pick pockets for him. He is also a buyer of other peoples stolen goods. He rarely commits crimes himself, preferring to employ others to do such thing. NancyA young prostitute and one of Fagins former child pickpockets. Nancy is also Bill Sikess lover. Her love for Sikes and her sense of moral de

13、cency come into conflict when Sikes abuses Oliver. Despite her criminal lifestyle, she is among the noblest characters in the novel. In the end, she gives her life for Oliver when Sikes murders her for revealing Monkss plots. Mr. BrownlowA well-off, erudite博學的 gentleman who serves as Olivers first b

14、enefactor. Mr. Brownlow owns a portrait of Agnes Fleming and was engaged to Mr. Leefords sister when she died. Throughout the novel, he behaves with compassion and common sense and emerges as a natural leader. others characters Agnes - Olivers mother who died after giving birth to Oliver. The only t

15、hing she left was a locket with her name inscribed. Mr. Sowerberry- A coffin makerJack Dawkins- “Artful Dodger” is a young accomplished thief who finds Oliver on the road to London and introduces him to Fagin.Monks- Olivers elder brother , dont split his inheritance. Mr. Sikes Another evil character

16、 who is a member of Fagins gang. Who kill Nancy.Rose Maylie -The adopted niece of Mrs. Maylie who turns out to be Olivers Aunt. She is kind, loving, and a great joy in Olivers life. Agnes - Olivers mother who died after giving birth to Oliver. The only thing she left was a locket with her name inscr

17、ibed. others charactersMr. Sowerberry- A coffin makerJack Dawkins- “Artful Dodger” is a young accomplished thief who finds Oliver on the road to London and introduces him to Fagin.Monks- Olivers elder brother , dont split his inheritance. Mr. Sikes Another evil character who is a member of Fagins ga

18、ng. Who kill Nancy.Rose Maylie -The adopted niece of Mrs. Maylie who turns out to be Olivers Aunt. She is kind, loving, and a great joy in Olivers life. plotsOlivers mother has been found very sick in the street, and she gives birth to Oliver just before she dies. Oliver himself is born in a workhouse and treated cruelly. The story follows Oliver as he escapes the workhouse and runs away to London. There, he is picked up by “Artful Dodger”, whos one of the Jew Fagins gang of boys and taken to Fagins den in the London slums. Since then, he was trained to be a pickpocket.plotsAfter Oliver