高考英語時態(tài)考點全歸納解析

1、高考英語時態(tài)考點全歸納分析一、現(xiàn)在完成時考點現(xiàn)在完成時主要有兩種用法,即持續(xù)性用法(或叫未完成用法和影響性用法(或叫已完成用法。持續(xù)性用法表示動作發(fā)生于過去,但在過去并未完成,而是從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,此時多半會連用表示持續(xù)性的時間狀語;后者指的是動作發(fā)生于過去,且在過去已經(jīng)完成,但這個過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響,而說話者正好要強調(diào)的就是這個影響,此時一般沒有明顯的時間狀語,主要通過上下文來理解。如:1. Y ears ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get il

2、l. (廣東卷A. showedB. has shownC. will showD. is showing【分析】答案選B。由表示對照的Y ears ago和recent可知,“以前不知”,但“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)證明了”,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時。2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (湖北卷A. were decidingB. have decidedC. decidedD. will decide【分析】答案選B。

3、因賓語從句中的時態(tài)是一般將來時,主句中的謂語動詞不可能是過去時態(tài),排除選項A和C;由語境判斷,不是“將要決定”,而是“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)決定”,所以排除D,而選B另外,同學(xué)們還要特別注意以下這些習(xí)慣上要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的短語和句型:so far(到目前為止,since(自從,in for, during the past lastyears(在過去年中,by now (到現(xiàn)在為止,up to until now (到現(xiàn)在為止,Its will be the first time that(第一次等。如:3. My brother is an actor. He _in several film so f

4、ar. (浙江卷A. appearsB. appearedC. has appearedD. is appearing【分析】答案選C。so far(到目前為止通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。4. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (山東卷A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed【分析】答案選B。since 1992這類時間狀語通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。主句主語是the country life,句中he was used to是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句。過去完成時是一

5、種相對時態(tài),即以某一過去時間作參照,過去完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在這一過去時間的更過去,所以我們可以簡單地用“過去的過去”這五個字來理解過去完成時態(tài)。如:1. He _more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of15. (北京卷A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned【分析】答案選D。因為上大學(xué)是過去,學(xué)了五千個英語單詞是在上大學(xué)之前,即“過去的過去”,所以用過去完成時。2. When the old man _ to

6、 walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. (湖北卷A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hidingD. was starting; hid【分析】答案選A。根據(jù)句意,“開始回房子”發(fā)生在過去,“太陽落山”是在“開始回房子”之前,故過去的過去。3. Father _for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him.

7、(福建卷A. has leftB. leftC. was leavingD. had left【分析】答案選D。根據(jù)“我沒見到他”可知,“在我到達”前“父親已經(jīng)去倫敦”了,即父親去倫敦發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,故用過去完成時。4. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. (廣東卷A. has beenB. was beingC. had beenD. would be【分析】答案選C。因為這個小盒子“被放在部長車下”發(fā)生在“引起警察注意”之

8、前,即“過去的過去”,所以用過去完成時。5. “Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.” “Oh ! I thought they _ without me.” (江西卷A. wentB. are goingC. have goneD. had gone【分析】答案選D。因為thought(原以為用的是過去時,所以他們“走了”就是“過去的過去”,故用過去完成時。一般現(xiàn)在時主要表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性動作或客觀事實等。如:1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles

9、 across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (遼寧卷A. was calledB. is calledC. had been calledD. has been called【分析】答案選B。因為這是客觀事實,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。注:有關(guān)一般現(xiàn)在時的另一個考點是,在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義,而不能直接用將來時態(tài)。此時要特別注意的是,命題人有可能會設(shè)置形式上與狀語從句相似且容易混淆的賓語從句作為命題切入點。如:2. “What would you do if it _tomorro

10、w?” “We have to carry it on, since weve gote verything ready.” (全國卷IA. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining【分析】答案選B。即在條件句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。3. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _and see him. (北京卷A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you come【分析】答案選A。when 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,不是狀語從句。四、一般過去時考點一般過

11、去時主要表示過去某時發(fā)生的情況或動作(包括過去習(xí)慣性的動作。如:1. “If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.” “What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.” (湖南卷A. isB. wasC. would beD. has been【分析】答案選B。盡管上面一句用的是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,但后面一句談的卻是發(fā)生在過去的一件真實情況,故用一般過去時。2. Scientists think that the continents _always where

12、they _ today. (北京卷A. arent; areB. arent; wereC. werent; areD. werent; were【分析】答案選C。句意是:科學(xué)家認(rèn)為各大陸并非一直在它們現(xiàn)在所處的位置。既然過去的位置與現(xiàn)在的位置不同,所以談?wù)撨^去情況用一般過去時。五、現(xiàn)在進行時考點現(xiàn)在進行時主要表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的情況或動作。如:1. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _? (全國卷IIIA. did they speakB. were they speakingC. are they speakin

13、gD. have they been speaking【分析】答案選C。根據(jù)Liste n to可知,speak 這一動作正在進行。2. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. (湖南卷A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoningD. are phoning【分析】答案選D。指贏大獎以來近階段正在發(fā)生的事,用現(xiàn)在進行時。3. “Are you still busy?” “Y es,

14、 I _ my work and it wont take long.” (浙江卷A. just finishB. am just finishingC. have just finishedD. am just going to finish【分析】答案選B。由it wont take long可知即將做完了,用現(xiàn)在進行時表示即將發(fā)生的事;選項D表示“正打算做完”,與句意不符。六、過去進行時考點過去進行時主要表示過去正在進行或發(fā)生的情況或動作。如:Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want h

15、er parents to know what she _. (遼寧卷A. has doneB. had doneC. was doingD. is doing【分析】答案選C。用過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作。因decided 和didnt want 都是過去式,排除選項A和D;因“做”發(fā)生在“決定”之后,而不是之前,故不能用過去完成時,排除選項B。七、一般將來時考點一般將來時主要用于表示在現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的動作或情況。不過值得注意的是,將來時態(tài)的表示方法有很多種,如will (shall+v.,be going to+v.,be (about to+v. 等,而這些不同的表達法在用法上是

16、有區(qū)別的。如:be about to+v. 通常不與具體的時間狀語連用,而其他結(jié)構(gòu)則可以;表示有跡象要發(fā)生某事,通常要用be going to+v.;進行時態(tài)表示將來主要表示按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的事,等等。又如:will (shall+v.和be going to+v. 均可表示意圖,但意圖有強弱之分,如果是事先考慮過的意圖,要用be going to;如果不是事先考慮過的,而是說話時刻才臨時想到的意圖,則用will。如:1. “Did you tell Julia about the result?” “Oh, no, I forgot. I _her now.” (全國卷IIIA. will be callingB. will callC. callD. am to call【分析】答案選B。表示臨時的決定,要用“will+動詞原形”。另外某些短暫性動詞(尤其是表示位置移動的短暫性動詞有時還可以用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來意義。如:2. “What are you going to do this afternoon?” “I am going to the ci