凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度產(chǎn)生的原因分析

1、凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度產(chǎn)生的原因分析摘要:本文從各個(gè)方面分析了凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度產(chǎn)生的原因及其對(duì)機(jī)組運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性、安全性的影響,從凝汽器的設(shè)計(jì)、改造、檢修以及運(yùn)行維護(hù)幾個(gè)方面,提出了減小凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度的對(duì)策,從而提高機(jī)組運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和安全性。Abstract: this paper analyzed from various aspects the causes of the condensate supercooling degree and its impact on unit operation efficiency, safety, from the design of the condenser, mo

2、dification, overhaul and operation maintenance aspects, and puts forward the measures to reduce the condensate supercooling degree, so as to improve the economic benefit of unit operation and safety.關(guān)鍵詞:凝汽器;過(guò)冷度;經(jīng)濟(jì)性;安全性Key words: the condenser; Supercooling degree; Economy; security1、引言1, the introdu

3、ction凝汽器是凝汽式汽輪機(jī)的主要輔助設(shè)備,是汽輪機(jī)組系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,它工作性能的好壞直接影響著整個(gè)機(jī)組的熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性和安全性。而凝汽器運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的優(yōu)劣集中表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面:是否保持在最佳真空、凝結(jié)水的過(guò)冷度是否最小以及凝結(jié)水的品質(zhì)是否合格。其中凝結(jié)水的過(guò)冷度越大,說(shuō)明被冷卻水帶走損失的熱量越多,而這部分熱損失要靠鍋爐多燃燒燃料來(lái)彌補(bǔ),從而導(dǎo)致整個(gè)熱力系統(tǒng)熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性降低。而且過(guò)冷度越大,凝結(jié)水中的含氧量也越多,從而加速了相關(guān)管道、設(shè)備的腐蝕速度。因此需從各個(gè)方面對(duì)凝汽水過(guò)冷度加以重視并采取措施使其減到最小,以此來(lái)提高機(jī)組運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和安全性。Condenser is a main auxili

4、ary equipment of condensing steam turbine, steam turbine unit system is an important part of its work performance is good or bad directly affects the thermal efficiency of the entire unit, and security. And advantages and disadvantages of the condenser running status in the following three aspects:

5、whether to maintain the best vacuum, minimum of condensate supercooling degree and water quality is qualified. Of condensate supercooling degree, the greater the instructions was taken away by cooling water the more heat loss, and this part of the heat loss will depend on the boiler burning more fue

6、l to make up for, resulting in reduced the whole thermal system thermal efficiency. And the greater the degree of supercooling, is, the more oxygen in condensate, which accelerated the corrosion rate of related piping and equipment. Therefore need from all aspects on the soda supercooling degree of

7、attention and take measures to minimizethe make it, in order to improve the economic benefit of unit operation and safety.2、凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度的定義和表示方法2, the definition of condensate supercooling degree and the said method2.1 定義2.1 definitions凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度表征了凝汽器熱水井中凝結(jié)水的過(guò)度冷卻程度,凝汽器熱水井出口凝結(jié)水溫度與凝汽器在排汽壓力下對(duì)應(yīng)的飽和溫度之差即稱為過(guò)冷度。Cond

8、ensate supercooling degree of characterization of the overcooling of the condensate in the condenser hot well, the condenser hot well export water temperature and the condenser in the exhaust steam pressure corresponding to the saturation temperature difference that is called the degree of supercool

9、ing.2.2 表示方法2.2 representation method溫度形式:Temperature of the form:tn=ts-tc tn = ts - tc式中:tn凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度;Type: tn - condensate supercooling degree;ts凝汽器絕對(duì)壓力下的飽和溫度;Ts of the condenser under the absolute pressure of saturated temperature;tc凝汽器熱井中凝結(jié)水溫度。Tc - the condensate temperature in the condenser hot wel

10、l.3、過(guò)冷度產(chǎn)生的原因3, the cause of supercooling degree凝汽器運(yùn)行中產(chǎn)生凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷卻現(xiàn)象可能是凝汽器設(shè)計(jì)中的問(wèn)題,也可能是運(yùn)行不當(dāng)而產(chǎn)生的,一般主要原因有以下幾個(gè)。Produced in the operation of the condenser condensate supercooled phenomenon in condenser design might be the problem, also may be improper operation, generally has the following several main reasons

11、.3.1 凝汽器內(nèi)管束排列不好3.1 within the condenser tube bundle arrangement is not good在舊式結(jié)構(gòu)的凝汽器上,凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度可能很大。這些凝汽器通常均為非回?zé)崾降?凝汽器內(nèi)由于冷卻水管束布置過(guò)密和排列不當(dāng),使汽氣混合物在通往凝汽器的管束中心和下部時(shí)存在很大的汽阻,引起凝汽器內(nèi)部絕對(duì)壓力從凝汽器入口到抽氣口逐漸降低,使得凝汽器大部分區(qū)域的蒸汽實(shí)際凝結(jié)溫度要低于凝汽器入口處的飽和溫度,形成了過(guò)冷度。這同時(shí)造成了蒸汽負(fù)荷大部分集中在上部冷卻管束處,蒸汽所凝結(jié)的水通過(guò)密集的管束,又在冷卻水管外側(cè)形成一層水膜,又起到再冷卻凝結(jié)水的作用,加之排汽

12、不能回?zé)釤崴心Y(jié)水,進(jìn)一步加劇了凝結(jié)水的過(guò)冷卻。In the old structure of the condenser, the condensate supercooling degree could be large. These condenser are often a regenerative, condenser tube bundle arrangement due to the cooling water inside too close and improper arrangement, make the steam gas mixture in the center

13、 of the tube bundle to the condenser steam and lower when there is a big resistance, absolute pressure inside a condenser from condenser inlet to gradually reduce bleeding point, makes much of the condenser of the steam condenses temperature is lower than actual saturation temperature at the entranc

14、e of the condenser, formed the degree of supercooling. This caused a steam load at the same time mostly in the upper cooling tube bundle, steam condensation water through dense bundles, and form a layer of water film on the outside of the cooling waterpipe, and have the effect of cooling the condens

15、ate again, combined with the exhaust steam can't back to hot Wells in the condensate, further exacerbating the overcooling of the condensate.3.2 空氣漏入凝汽器或抽氣器工作不正常3.2 air leakage into the condenser or ejector doesn't work properly機(jī)組運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,處于真空狀態(tài)下的汽輪機(jī)的排汽缸、凝汽器以及低壓給水加熱系統(tǒng)等部分,若有不嚴(yán)密處,則會(huì)造成空氣漏入;另一方面,抽氣

16、器工作不正常,不能及時(shí)地把凝汽器內(nèi)漏入的空氣抽走。這兩方面使得凝汽器內(nèi)積存的空氣等不凝結(jié)氣體增加,這不僅會(huì)在冷卻水管的表面形成傳熱不良的空氣膜,降低傳熱效果,增加傳熱端差;同時(shí)還使得凝汽器內(nèi)的汽氣混合物中空氣成分的增高,造成空氣分壓提高、蒸汽分壓降低,而凝結(jié)水是在對(duì)應(yīng)蒸汽分壓的飽和溫度下冷凝,所以此時(shí)凝結(jié)水溫度必然低于凝汽器壓力下的飽和溫度,因而產(chǎn)生了凝結(jié)水的過(guò)冷卻。Unit operation in the process, under a vacuum of steam turbine exhaust cylinder, condenser and low pressure feed wa

17、ter heating system, if there are not tight, it will cause air leakage into the; Ejector work, on the other hand, is not normal, not in a timely manner to the condenser leakage into the air. Within these two aspects makes the condenser stockpile don't condense gas such as air increases, this will

18、 not only on the surface of cooling waterpipe form bad air heat transfer film, reduce the heat transfer effect, increase the heat transfer end difference; Also make the steam condenser in the higher air composition in the gas mixture, increase caused by air pressure, steam partial pressure is reduce

19、d, and the condensate is in condensing steam partial pressure of saturated temperature, so at this point the condensate temperature must be lower than the saturation temperature of condenser pressure, thus produced the overcooling of the condensate.3.3 凝結(jié)水水位過(guò)高3.3 the condensate water level is too hi

20、gh運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,由于凝結(jié)水泵真空部分漏入空氣或其它故障,使凝汽器熱井中凝結(jié)水水位過(guò)高,淹沒(méi)了下部的冷卻水管,這樣冷卻水又帶走一部分凝結(jié)水的熱量,使凝結(jié)水再次被冷卻,過(guò)冷度必然增大。Operation process, because of the condensate pump vacuum part leak into the air or other fault, the condensate in the condenser hot well water level is too high, covered the bottom of the cooling water pipe, co

21、oling water and take away part of the heat of the frozen water, make water is cooled again, super-cooling degree will increase.3.4 冷卻水漏入凝結(jié)水內(nèi)3.4 cooling water leakage into the water凝汽器內(nèi)冷卻水管破裂,造成冷卻水漏入凝結(jié)水內(nèi),使凝結(jié)水溫度降低,過(guò)冷度增加,此時(shí)還伴有凝結(jié)水硬度增大的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。Inside the condenser cooling water pipe burst, resulting in wate

22、r leakage into the water, make water temperature is reduced, the supercooling degree, all peer originator. Increased, accompanied by the phenomenon of water hardness increase occurred at this time.3.5 凝汽器冷卻水入口溫度和流量的影響3.5 condenser cooling water inlet temperature and flow rate現(xiàn)代電站凝汽器通常為回?zé)崾降?具有合理設(shè)計(jì)的管束

23、結(jié)構(gòu),汽阻極小,在額定的設(shè)計(jì)工況下運(yùn)行時(shí),凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度實(shí)際可為零。在這種情況下,凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度主要受凝汽設(shè)備運(yùn)行工況因素的影響,其中最重要的因素是凝汽器冷卻水的入口溫度和流量。Modern power plant condenser for regenerative, usually have a bundle structure of reasonable design, steam resistance small, under the design conditions of rated running, the condensate supercooling degree can be

24、zero. In this case, the condensate supercooling degree is mainly influenced by condensing equipment operation condition factors, one of the most important factor is the condenser cooling water inlet temperature and flow rate.試驗(yàn)與運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,在一定的蒸汽負(fù)荷下,當(dāng)冷卻水入口溫度降低或流量增加時(shí),凝汽器壓力降低,真空增加,進(jìn)入熱井的凝結(jié)水的過(guò)冷度將增大。Test and

25、operation experience show that under certain steam load, when the cooling water inlet temperature decrease or increase traffic, condenser pressure, vacuum, in hot well of the condensate super-cooling degree will increase.3.6 蒸汽負(fù)荷的影響3.6 the influence of steam load凝汽器蒸汽負(fù)荷的大小對(duì)凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度也有一定的影響。根據(jù)前蘇聯(lián)的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,對(duì)

26、于汽流向心式凝汽器,隨著蒸汽負(fù)荷的提高,過(guò)冷度增大;而對(duì)于汽流向側(cè)式凝汽器,蒸汽負(fù)荷升高時(shí),過(guò)冷度減小。對(duì)于舊式非回?zé)崾侥?蒸汽負(fù)荷減小時(shí),不可避免地會(huì)引起過(guò)冷度增加。The size of the condenser steam load also have certain influence to the condensate supercooling degree. According to the former Soviet union test results, for steam flow to the heart type condenser, with the improv

27、ement of the steam load, super-cooling degree increased; For the steam flow to the lateral type condenser, steam load increases, the degree of supercooling. For old non regenerative condenser, steam load reduced, will inevitably cause super-cooling degree increase.3.7 將溫度較低的補(bǔ)充水直接補(bǔ)入凝汽器的熱水井Add 3.7 wil

28、l be added cooler water directly into the condenser hotwell機(jī)組在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,由于鍋爐排污等原因,導(dǎo)致工質(zhì)在循環(huán)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生了汽水損失,因此為了滿足汽輪機(jī)進(jìn)汽量的需要,必須及時(shí)補(bǔ)入到汽水工質(zhì)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中。補(bǔ)充水補(bǔ)入的位置有除氧器和凝汽器兩種方案,如果采用補(bǔ)入凝汽器方案,冬天時(shí)補(bǔ)充水溫度一般低于設(shè)計(jì)工況時(shí)凝汽器中凝結(jié)水溫度可達(dá)十幾攝氏度。這樣將溫度較低的補(bǔ)充水直接補(bǔ)入凝汽器的熱水井,并且在補(bǔ)充水流量較大時(shí),勢(shì)必會(huì)造成凝結(jié)水溫度的降低,致使過(guò)冷度增加。Units in the process of operation, due to reaso

29、ns such as boiler blowdown, cause working substance produced soda loss in the circulation process, so in order to meet the needs of the steam turbine inlet steam quantity, must add into the soda medium circulation system in a timely manner. Supplement water add the location of the deaerator and cond

30、enser coagulation two plans, if add the condenser was used in this supplement in winter when the condenser water temperature is lower than the design conditions of the condensate temperature can be up to ten degrees Celsius. Such low temperature add supplementary water directly into the condenser ho

31、t well, and supplement the water flow is large, will inevitably cause the condensate temperature is reduced, the supercooling degree increase.4、過(guò)冷度對(duì)機(jī)組運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性和安全性的影響4, the supercooling degree of the impact on the unit operation economy and security4.1 對(duì)機(jī)組運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性的影響4.1 impact on unit operation economical

32、efficiency凝汽器過(guò)冷度會(huì)增加冷源損失,引起作功能力的損失,降低系統(tǒng)的熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性。Condenser supercooling degree can increase the cold source loss, cause the loss of work ability, reduce the thermal efficiency of the system.通過(guò)對(duì)N15一4.9/470型汽輪機(jī)實(shí)例計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷卻度增加2時(shí),新蒸汽等效焓降減少0.457kJ/kg,機(jī)組效率相對(duì)降低0.051%,電廠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤耗增加0.198g/kW.h。假設(shè)該機(jī)組年運(yùn)行小時(shí)數(shù)為7500h,那么

33、,一臺(tái)該型號(hào)機(jī)組每年多耗標(biāo)煤為147.6t,相當(dāng)于每年多支出燃料成本3.1萬(wàn)元?？梢?jiàn),凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度對(duì)機(jī)組的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行有明顯的影響,是一項(xiàng)不可忽視的指標(biāo),因此采取各種措施降低凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度是十分必要和有意義的。A 4.9/470 type steam turbine of N15 calculation results show that when the condensate supercooled degree increase 2 , the new steam equivalent enthalpy drop by 0.457 kJ/kg, the unit efficiency isrel

34、atively lower 0.051%, the standard coal consumption of power plant by 0.198 g/kW. H. Assume the unit in operation hours for 7500 h, so, one the model units annually more BiaoMei consumption is 147.6 t, equivalent to more spending on fuel costs the city $31000 a year. Visible, the condensate supercoo

35、ling degree has distinct effect on the economic operation of the unit, cannot be ignored is an indicator, so to take various measures to reduce the condensate supercooling degree is very necessary and meaningful.4.2 對(duì)機(jī)組運(yùn)行安全性的影響4.2 impact on unit operation safety凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度的存在會(huì)威脅機(jī)組運(yùn)行的安全性和可靠性。凝結(jié)水溫度過(guò)低,即凝結(jié)水水

36、面上的蒸汽分壓力的降低,氣體分壓力的增高,使得溶解于水中的氣體含量增加,因?yàn)槿苡谀Y(jié)水的氣體量和熱井水面上氣體的分壓力成正比。因此若凝結(jié)水出現(xiàn)過(guò)冷度,則其含氧量增加,這將導(dǎo)致凝汽器內(nèi)換熱管、低加及相關(guān)管道閥門腐蝕加劇,以致降低設(shè)備的使用壽命,不利于機(jī)組的安全運(yùn)行。這同時(shí)也加重了除氧器的工作負(fù)擔(dān),使除氧器的除氧效果變差,嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)腐蝕處于高溫工作環(huán)境下的給水管道和鍋爐省煤器管,引起泄漏和爆管。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2003年某電廠凝汽器冷卻水管腐蝕造成的泄漏,使凝結(jié)水硬度超標(biāo),迫使機(jī)組降低出力帶負(fù)荷查漏次數(shù)多達(dá)5次。可見(jiàn),凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度的存在對(duì)機(jī)組運(yùn)行安全性極為不利。The existence of conden

37、sate supercooling degree will threat thesafety and reliability of the equipment operation. Condensation water temperature was low, namely the condensate water of steam partial pressure is reduced, the gas partial pressure increases, made the gas dissolved in the water content increases, because in t

38、he condensate gas amount and hot well water surface is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Therefore appears if the condensate supercooling degree and its oxygen content increases, this will lead to the condenser heat exchange tube, low corrosion intensifies and related pipelin

39、e valve, so as to lower the service life of equipment, is not conducive to the safe operation of unit. It also adds to the deaerator's work burden, make the deaerating effect of deaerator, severe corrosion under high temperature working environment when feed water pipeline and the economizer of

40、boiler tubes, leakage and detonation tube. According to statistics, in 2003, a certain power plant condenser cooling water pipe leakage caused by corrosion, make the water hardness is high, forcing the crew to reduce output loading leak frequency up to 5 times. Visible, the existence of condensate s

41、upercooling degree of unit operation to the detriment of security.5、減少凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度的對(duì)策5, to reduce the condensate supercooling degree ofcountermeasures通過(guò)上述對(duì)凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度產(chǎn)生原因及其對(duì)機(jī)組運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性和安全性的影響的分析可以看到,凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度的存在威脅著機(jī)組運(yùn)行的安全性和可靠性,同時(shí)也會(huì)降低機(jī)組運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。因此須從設(shè)計(jì)、改造、檢修以及運(yùn)行維護(hù)等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)對(duì)其采取有效措施,以期降低凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度,提高機(jī)組運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和安全性。By the above reaso

42、ns of condensate supercooling degree and its effect on the unit operation economy and security analysis of the as you can see, the condensate supercooling degree of the existence of the threat to the safety and reliability of the equipment operation, also can reduce the running efficiency. So must b

43、e from the design, modification, maintenance, and operation maintenance and so on each link to take effective measures, in order to reduce the condensate supercooling degree, improve the economic benefit of unit operation and safety.5.1 設(shè)計(jì)中所采取的對(duì)策5.1 in the design of countermeasures(1在冷卻水管束設(shè)計(jì)中改進(jìn)管束的布置

44、,在管束結(jié)構(gòu)中適當(dāng)留有足夠?qū)挼恼羝ǖ?這除了可以保證汽流均勻進(jìn)入管束各區(qū)域外,還可保證部分排汽可直接通至凝汽器底部,以加熱凝結(jié)水,減少凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度;同時(shí)應(yīng)使抽氣口位置離開(kāi)凝結(jié)水遠(yuǎn)一些,以減少凝結(jié)水過(guò)冷度;(1 the improvement in the design of cooling water tube bundle tube bundle arrangement, proper in the vascular bundles have enough wide steam channel, in addition to this can ensure uniform steam fl

45、ow into the tube bundle district outside, still can ensure some exhaust steam directly through condensing bottom, heating water, reduce the condensate supercooling degree; Should be at the same time make the bleeding point location away from the condensate far away, in order to reduce the condensate

46、 supercooling degree;(2從凝汽器入口至抽氣口的路徑應(yīng)力求直接,且有足夠的流通面積,蒸汽進(jìn)入管束的流速不超過(guò)40m/s50m/s,蒸汽沿程阻力盡量小,以減少汽阻,降低凝結(jié)水的過(guò)冷度;(2 from the condenser to the path of the entrance to the suction port directly. And there are enough circulation area, the flow rate of the steam into the tube bundle is not more than 40 m/s 50 m/s,

47、steam on-way resistance small, as far as possible to reduce the steam resistance, reduce the condensate supercooling degree;(3合理選擇凝汽器內(nèi)的淋水裝置,優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)循環(huán)冷卻水量; (3 selection of condenser in the water spray device, to optimize the design of circulating cooling water;(4汽輪機(jī)排汽口與凝汽器的連接采用柔性連接,以防止運(yùn)行中膨脹不暢導(dǎo)致空氣的漏入;(4

48、the exhaust mouth connected to the condenser of the steam turbine adopts flexible connection, in order to prevent confusing cause air leakage into the operation of inflation;(5對(duì)于排入凝汽器的各種疏水、補(bǔ)充水、再循環(huán)水及其它附加流體,接至凝結(jié)器的位置一定要高于凝結(jié)水水位,最好接至凝結(jié)器上部蒸汽空間,并裝折流檔板,防止沖刷冷卻水管,以除掉這些水源中的空氣,減少對(duì)凝結(jié)水溶氧及對(duì)過(guò)冷度的影響;(5 for into the c

49、ondenser of hydrophobic, replenish water and circulating water and other additional fluid, connect to the location of the condenser must be higher than that of the condensate water level, the best upper connected to the condenser steam space, and baffle plate, to prevent scour cooling water pipe, to

50、 get rid of the water in the air, to reduce across cold water dissolved oxygen and the degree of influence;(6利用鍋爐連續(xù)排污對(duì)補(bǔ)充水進(jìn)行加熱,以減少補(bǔ)入凝汽器的補(bǔ)充水對(duì)凝結(jié)水的過(guò)冷卻。一般凝汽器的補(bǔ)充水箱與除氧器、連續(xù)排污擴(kuò)容器布置在同一平臺(tái)處,因此可在補(bǔ)充水箱內(nèi)加裝一組管式換熱器,由連續(xù)排污擴(kuò)容器引出一管,將排污水送入換熱器中作為熱源,(下轉(zhuǎn)76頁(yè)(上接75頁(yè)以加熱補(bǔ)充水,然后再排入地溝。(6 using the boiler continuous sewage for make-u

51、p water for heating, in order to reduce the added water add condenser overcooling of the condensate. General additional tank condenserand deaerator, continuous blowdown flash tank arranged on the same platform, thus can supplement the tank equipped with a set of pipe heat exchanger, the continuous b

52、lowdown flash tank leads to a tube, the domestic sewage as heat source, heat exchanger into in turn (page 76 (on page 75 supplemented by heating the water, and then into the gutter.5.2 改造中所采取的對(duì)策5.2 reform countermeasures taken in舊式凝汽器通常均為非回?zé)崾降?冷卻管束通道很窄,汽阻很大,可達(dá)1.32.0 kPa,這本身就可使過(guò)冷度達(dá)到510。對(duì)于這些老式凝汽器,凝結(jié)水過(guò)

53、冷度與工況因素幾乎無(wú)關(guān),消除這種過(guò)冷現(xiàn)象唯一有效的措施是改造凝汽器冷卻管束結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Old condenser are usually non regenerative, cooling tube bundle channel is very narrow, steam resistance is very big, can reach 1.3 2.0 kPa, that in itself can make the supercooling degree reach 5 to 10 . For these old condenser, the condensate supercooling

54、degree has little to do with working condition, eliminate the supercooling phenomenon is the only effective measures to reform the condenser cooling tube bundle structure. Such as:(1拆除一部分冷卻水管(減少一部分冷卻面積,讓排汽可深入到冷卻面中部,并留有足夠的寬度,但不穿通,使蒸汽能沿著冷卻面作均勻的分配,并使凝結(jié)水加熱到排汽溫度;Part (1 the demolition of part of the cool

55、ing water pipe (reduce cooling area, and allow the exhaust steam into the central cooling surface, and had enough width, but not through, make the steam can make uniform distribution along the cooling surface, and makes the water heated to steam discharge temperature;(2在冷卻管束中合理布置一些集水、排水元件;(2 in the

56、cooling bundles reasonable decorate some catchment and drainage element;(3限制管束中汽流流速,使其盡可能不超過(guò)40m/s50m/ s。(3 bundle ZhongQi flow velocity, to make it as far as possible, no more than 40 m/s 50 m/s.5.3 檢修中所采取的對(duì)策5.3 maintenance of countermeasures(1對(duì)真空系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行灌水查漏,重點(diǎn)檢查凝汽器喉部、低壓抽汽管路、低壓缸軸封蒸汽進(jìn)出管道焊口、低壓缸法蘭接合面、熱井焊接

57、處、凝結(jié)水管道法蘭連接處、凝汽器水位計(jì)接頭處、疏水?dāng)U,版權(quán)歸原作者所有。容器焊接處、與熱井連接的真空系統(tǒng)閥門等部位,并修補(bǔ)泄漏處;(1 the vacuum system for water leak, check the condenser throat, low pressure extraction, low pressure cylinder shaft sealing steam pipeline in and out of the pipe joint, the low pressure cylinder flangejoint surface, thermal Wells, co

58、ndensate pipeline flange joint welds, condenser water level gauge, hydrophobic expansion joint Hot Wells with vessel welds, connecting the vacuum system of the valve and other parts, and repair the leak;(2檢查凝汽器內(nèi)的淋水裝置;(2 check the tube in the condenser water device;(3對(duì)凝汽器水位調(diào)節(jié)器和軸封壓力調(diào)節(jié)器進(jìn)行檢修;(3 the regulator and shaft seal water level in the condenser pressure regulator for maintenance;(4對(duì)抽真空系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行檢修,保證抽氣設(shè)備的正常工作,以便運(yùn)行時(shí)可及時(shí)抽出凝汽器內(nèi)不凝結(jié)氣體。(4 the vacuum system for maintenance, guarantee the normal work of the extraction equipment, so that the runtime can tim