that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

1、賓語從句賓語從句什么是賓語從句？什么是賓語從句？試比較：試比較：We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s謂謂v v謂謂v v賓賓o o賓賓o o賓語從句就是用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語賓語從句就是用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語 。主主s s謂謂v v賓賓o o簡單句簡單句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句賓語從句分為三類：賓語從句分為三類：(1) that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I hope (that) it will snow this winter.(2) whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 Im not sure if he will come.(3)

2、疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I want to know what he will do next.例如：例如：I hope (that) it will snow this winter.Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air.I know (that) he is friendly.注：注：that沒有任何詞匯含義，只有語法功沒有任何詞匯含義，只有語法功能，目的是使讀者清楚后面的句子是賓語能，目的是使讀者清楚后面的句子是賓語從句。多數(shù)情況下從句。多數(shù)情況下that可以省略?？梢允÷?。當(dāng)謂語動詞表示肯定的概念，如“希望、相信、知

3、道、說”時，(如： say, think, believe, expect, hope, wish，know， see, feel, remember, forget等）其后面的句子一般用that引導(dǎo)。（一）引導(dǎo)詞（一）引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序陳述句的語序。例如：例如： I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. 當(dāng)當(dāng)主句主句是是一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時時，時，賓語從句賓語從句可可根據(jù)實際情況而使用不同的時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況而使用不同的時態(tài)。 2.2.當(dāng)當(dāng)主

4、句主句的謂語動詞是的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)過去時態(tài)時時, ,賓語從句賓語從句通常也通常也要用要用過去的某種時態(tài)過去的某種時態(tài)。（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行。（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）時，過去將來時，過去完成時）I hear (that)Jim went to work an hour ago.he is interested in English. she will come tomorrow .Tom has been to London twice .He will go to Hong Kong .He is sick.He is reading a book . He h

5、as finished his work.He said（that）he had finished his work.he would go to Hong Kong .he was sick.he was reading a book . 3.3.當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句等時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不受主句時象、名言警句等時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)的限制，仍用態(tài)的限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時。 He told me the earth around the sun. （move）movesSummer is after Spr

6、ing .He told me (that)the sun rises in the east.The teacher told us (that)賓語從句三要素賓語從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞thatthat( (陳述句陳述句) ) ififwhetherwhether( (一般疑問句一般疑問句) ) 特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞( (特殊疑問句特殊疑問句) )時態(tài)時態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時主句為一般現(xiàn)在時從句可為任何時態(tài)從句可為任何時態(tài)主句為一般過去時主句為一般過去時從句從句一般過去時一般過去時過去將來時過去將來時過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去完成時過去完成時語序語序賓語從句的語序都為賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序陳

7、述句語序客觀真理時態(tài)不變客觀真理時態(tài)不變否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)賓語從句表示否定意義時，且主句主語為第一人稱且當(dāng)賓語從句表示否定意義時，且主句主語為第一人稱且謂語動詞是謂語動詞是think /believe /suppose /imaginethink /believe /suppose /imagine等時，等時，一般將否定詞一般將否定詞notnot轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語中, ,這就叫做這就叫做“否定否定轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)移”。誤：誤：I think he wont come.我認(rèn)為他不會來。我認(rèn)為他不會來。正：正：I dont think he will come.注意：上述情況變成反意義疑問句

8、時，附加問句要看從注意：上述情況變成反意義疑問句時，附加問句要看從句，如果主句的主語不是第一人稱，則附加問句要看主句，如果主句的主語不是第一人稱，則附加問句要看主句。試比較：句。試比較：I think he is wrong, isnt he?He thinks he is wrong, dont he？Complete the sentences. （1）Sally said, “Its very quiet!” Sally said _.（2）Sally said, “No one is shouting.” Sally said _.（3）Lingling said, “The air

9、is very clear today.”Lingling said _. that no one was shoutingthat the air was very clear that daythat it was very quiet賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose，expect等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的謂

10、語動同主句的謂語動同 think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等，并等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般從句的否定詞一般 要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she

11、/he?We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的詞如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的詞, 其反義疑問句要用肯定形式其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?當(dāng)主句的主語是第二、三人稱時，其反義疑當(dāng)主句的主語是第二、三人稱時，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。問句一般與主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she?You

12、 thought they could have completed the project, didnt you?They dont believe shes an engineer, do they?She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?賓語從句小口訣：賓語從句小口訣： 賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞；賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞； 主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制； 主句一般過去時，從句須用相應(yīng)時；主句一般過去時，從句須用相應(yīng)時； 陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問句用引，一般疑

13、問句用if/whether, 特殊問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。特殊問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。(4) Daming said, “Everyone is cheering now.”Daming said _.that everyone was cheering then(5)Tony said, “Its very noisy here!”Tony said _.that it was very noisy there賓語從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制賓語從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制 1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而定。定。 2.主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相

14、應(yīng)的過去的主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前則從句時態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前則從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。要用過去完成時態(tài)。例例:1 ) She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student.2) She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3) She says that she has finished her homework already:She said th