高中英語選修 unit under the sea語法

1、Book 7 Unit3 Under the seagrammar 隨 筆the Passive Voice of ing Form1、V-ing 形式V-ing 形式由 “doing” 構成，其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以帶賓語或狀語構成 V-ing 短語，沒有人稱和數的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。時態(tài)語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式(not) doing(not) being done完成式(not) having done(not) having been done【注】一般式：表示這個被動的動作正在進行或與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生。完成式：強調這個被動的動作在謂語動詞所

2、表示的動作之前完成。2、動詞-ing形式的被動語態(tài)當動詞-ing 形式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，就要用動詞-ing 形式的被動語態(tài)。動詞-ing形式的被動語態(tài)和它的主動語態(tài)一樣，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語，但不能單獨作謂語。其完成式多在句中作狀語。3、動詞-ing形式的被動式的句法功能（1）用作主語E.g. Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing.Being helped out by the killer whales, the whalers were able to make successful

3、 kill. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上海高考題 2002) A. Exposed      B. Having exposed    C. Being exposed      D. After being exposed（2）用作賓語E.g. He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.I remember h

4、aving been told the story.  V-ing 形式既可作動詞的賓語, 也可作介詞的賓語。 The bird escaped _ (catch). He was afraid of _(abandon) by us.【注意】在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like

5、, insist on 等后只接V-ing形式作賓語。（3）用作定語E.g. The problem being discussed now is very important. The house being built will be our library upon its completion.（4）用作狀語E.g. Being asked to answer the question, she couldnt refuse. Having been given such a good chance, how would you not value it at al

6、l?（5）用作表語E.g. What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.（6）用作賓語補足語E.g. Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere now. I saw a baby being caught away by two men.【練習】動詞-ing形式的被動式在各句中作什么成分? So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. He didnt min

7、d being left at home. That building being repaired is our library. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?4、比較動詞-ing一般時和一般時的被動形式(1) He hurried home, looking behind from time to time.(2) The building being

8、repaired is our dormitory. 動詞-ing的完成時和完成時的被動形式(1) Having heard this, our teacher expressed her satisfaction.(2) Having been asked to stay, I couldnt leave.【注意】1）在want，need，require，deserve等動詞之后作賓語時，常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，也可以用不定式的被動形式來替換。E.g. The flowers in the garden want watering = The flowers in the gard

9、en want to be watered花園里的花需要澆水了。The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干凈。2）在（be）worth后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)來表示被動意義。E.g. His suggestion is worth considering. 他的提議值得考慮此句可轉換成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered. His suggestion is worthy of being considered.3）allow, advis

10、e, forbid, permit等動詞后直接跟所有格及動詞作賓語時，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，然后再跟賓語補足語（即構成復合賓語），其賓語補足語用帶to的不定式。E.g. I dont allow him to swim here. 我不允許他在此地游泳。4）V-ing可帶有自己的邏輯主語 一般情況下，句子的邏輯主語是句中的主語，但有時可有一個名詞或代詞表示邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯主語的結構稱為獨立結構。V-ing自己帶的邏輯主語有兩種形式：a）在V-ing前加“物主代詞或名詞的所有格”；b）在V-ing前加“名詞的普通格或人稱代詞的賓格”。兩者的區(qū)別是：前者為正式語體

11、，后者多用于非正式語體，多見于口語和動名詞位于句中時。因此，在書面文體中，盡量用前者，不用后者；但在口語中使用后者更為自然。E.g. Do you mind my smoking in the room? 你介意我在室內吸煙嗎？ The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home.會議結束后, 我們都離開房間開車走了。 【即學即練】I. Choose the right answer.1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8

12、:30, but she hasnt come yet.A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waitingC. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built3. The sq

13、uirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to

14、 do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching 6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been toldD. Telling 7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A. been called B. called C. having calle

15、d D. being called8. Do you mind_ alone at home?A. Janes leaving B Janes having left C Janes being left D Jane to be left9._ to put on a performance, Miss Green couldn't refuse very well. A. Being asked B. Asked C. Ask D. To be asked 10. The missing boys were last seen _ playing on the playground

16、.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 11. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished.A. doesnt have B. having not C. has not D. not having 12. _ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary.A. Not learning B. Never having learnedC. Having not learned D. Having never learned 13. Do you min

17、d _ alone at home?A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left14. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called15. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ t

18、hat.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done II. 用所給詞的適當形式填空。1. _ (ask) to put on performance, she refused.2. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment.3. _ (give) such a good chance, you should catch it.4. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home.5. The house wants _ (clean).6. He came in without _ (ask).7. _ (show) around the library, we were taken to see the lab.8. Our neighbor came close to _ (kill) in a traffic accident the other day.9. It made