信貸評分方法在建立可持續(xù)的中小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務中的作用

1、The material in this presentation is the property of Fair Isaac Corporation. This material has been provided for the recipient only, and shall not be used, reproduced, copied, disclosed, transmitted, in whole or in part, without the express consent of Fair Isaac Corporation. 2007 Fair Isaac Corporat

2、ion. Confidential. 征信產(chǎn)品在商業(yè)銀行信用風險管理中的應用高級研討會征信產(chǎn)品在商業(yè)銀行信用風險管理中的應用高級研討會中國天津中國天津 20072007年年6 6月月20202121日日Symposium onCredit Reporting and Retail & SME BankingTianjing June 20 21, 2007信貸評分方法在建立可持續(xù)的信貸評分方法在建立可持續(xù)的中小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務中的作用中小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務中的作用 What Roles Can Credit Scoring Methodology Play in Building Sustain

3、able SME Portfolio尤瑞奇尤瑞奇 哲斯魯福特哲斯魯福特Fair Isaac International 全球評分解決方案部門負責人Uli ZeisluftDirector, Global Scoring SolutionsFair Isaac International2 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. l 導言導言 Introductionl 中小企業(yè)的定義 The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) definedl 數(shù)據(jù)對中小企業(yè)信貸決策的作用 The Relevance of Data

4、 for SME decision-makingl 貫穿中小企業(yè)客戶生命周期的信貸評分工具 Credit Scoring across the SME account life cyclel 結論 Conclusion議程議程 AGENDA 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 3 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. l 導言 Introductionl 中小企業(yè)的定義中小企業(yè)的定義 The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) definedl 數(shù)據(jù)對中小企業(yè)信貸決

5、策的作用 The Relevance of Data for SME decision-makingl 貫穿中小企業(yè)客戶生命周期的信貸評分工具 Credit Scoring across the SME account life cyclel 結論 Conclusion 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 議程議程 AGENDA4 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 中型和小型企業(yè)（中小企業(yè)）中型和小型企業(yè)（中小企業(yè)）詳細定義詳細定義The Small and Medium Enterprise

6、 (SME) definedl 設定背景對經(jīng)濟的貢獻 Setting the context/Economic relevance:l歐洲 Europel拉丁美洲 Latin Americal美國 USl中國 China 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 5 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設定背景（歐盟）：歐洲委員會關于中小企業(yè)的官方定義設定背景（歐盟）：歐洲委員會關于中小企業(yè)的官方定義 Setting the context (EU): European Commission offi

7、cial definition of an SME*l具有以下特征的企業(yè)具有以下特征的企業(yè) A business entity thatl員工人數(shù)少于250人 Has no more than 250 employees l單個更大企業(yè)股東單獨或聯(lián)合持有的股份少于25 Is not more than 25% owned, either singly or jointly, by a larger company l年銷售額少于4300萬歐元 Has an annual turnover of no more than 43 million *歐洲委員會布魯塞爾，歐洲委員會布魯塞爾， 2003

8、年年5月月6日日 European Commission Brussels May 6, 20036 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設定背景（歐盟）：對經(jīng)濟的貢獻設定背景（歐盟）：對經(jīng)濟的貢獻 Setting the context (EU): Economic relevancel微型和中小企業(yè)對社會和經(jīng)濟起著十分重要的作用 Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises are socially and economically important l歐盟99的企業(yè)為微型和中小企業(yè) Represen

9、t 99% of all enterprises in the EU l這些企業(yè)提供了6500萬個就業(yè)機會 Provide around 65 million jobsl為放貸人帶來許多業(yè)務成長機會 Lots of growth opportunities for lenders2004年Eurobarometer對創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的調查：在過去三年中，只有4的歐洲人參與了企業(yè)創(chuàng)辦（而美國的這一比例接近12） 2004 Eurobarometer survey on entrepreneurship: Only 4% of Europeans involved in setting up a busi

10、ness in last 3 years (US rate is close to 12%)7 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設定背景（拉丁美洲）：小企業(yè)定義設定背景（拉丁美洲）：小企業(yè)定義 Setting the context (Latin America):Small business definition哥倫比亞哥倫比亞 COLOMBIAl員工人數(shù)不超過200人 Number of Employees up to 200l年銷售額少于100萬美元 Annual Sales of up to $1 million l信貸總額不超過2

11、0萬美元 Credit of up to $200,000l小企業(yè)的類型 Types of Small Businesses:l個人獨資 Sole Proprietorsl合伙制 Partnershipsl公司制 Corporations墨西哥墨西哥 MEXICOl員工人數(shù)不超過100人 Number of Employees up to 100l年銷售額不超過50萬美元 Annual Sales of up to $500,000l信貸總額不超過20萬美元 Credit of up to $200,000l小企業(yè)的類型 Types of Small Businesses:l個人獨資 Sole

12、 Proprietorsl合伙制 Partnershipsl公司制 Corporations8 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設定背景（拉丁美洲）：對經(jīng)濟的貢獻設定背景（拉丁美洲）：對經(jīng)濟的貢獻 Setting the context (Latin America): Economic relevancel 小企業(yè)部門是最大的就業(yè)來源，它促進了經(jīng)濟和社會的發(fā)展 Economic growth and social development by being the leading source of employmentl在哥倫比亞，63的

13、就業(yè)機會來自于小企業(yè)部門 In Colombia the small business sector employs 63% of work forcel在墨西哥，78的就業(yè)機會是由小企業(yè)部門創(chuàng)造的 In Mexico 78% of work forcel 絕大部分的產(chǎn)品用于滿足國內消費需求 Majority of production is for internal consumptionl哥倫比亞25的國內產(chǎn)出來自小企業(yè)部門 Colombia 25% internal production l墨西哥68的國內產(chǎn)出來自小企業(yè)部門 Mexico 68% internal productionl

14、 信貸的可獲得性對小企業(yè)的生存發(fā)揮著至關重要的作用 Credit availability plays a fundamental role for survival of the small businessl 小企業(yè)較難獲得資金和最新技術 Small businesses have limited access to funding and consequently to the newest technology9 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設定背景（美國）：小企業(yè)的定義設定背景（美國）：小企業(yè)的定義 Setting the c

15、ontext (US): Small business definitionl 年銷售額不超過年銷售額不超過500500萬美元萬美元 Annual Sales of up to $5 million l 信貸額不超過信貸額不超過2525萬美元萬美元 Credit of up to $250,000l小企業(yè)的類型小企業(yè)的類型 Types of Small Businesses:l個人獨資 Sole Proprietorsl合伙制 Partnershipsl公司制 Corporationsl 美國美國”官方官方“定義定義 The “Official” US Definition:美國的小企業(yè)是指獨

16、立擁有和經(jīng)營的，在其行業(yè)領域不占主導地位的，符合美國小企業(yè)管美國的小企業(yè)是指獨立擁有和經(jīng)營的，在其行業(yè)領域不占主導地位的，符合美國小企業(yè)管理局發(fā)布的（理局發(fā)布的（聯(lián)邦法規(guī)匯編聯(lián)邦法規(guī)匯編第第1313篇第篇第121121條，修訂條款）有關小企業(yè)的員工人數(shù)、平均條，修訂條款）有關小企業(yè)的員工人數(shù)、平均年銷售額或其它劃分指標的企業(yè)年銷售額或其它劃分指標的企業(yè) A small business is a U.S. business that is independently owned and operated, is not dominant in its field of operation an

17、d can qualify under criteria concerning number of employees, average annual receipts or other criteria as outlined by the U.S. Small Business Administration (CFR Title 13, Part 121, as amended)l企業(yè)規(guī)模標準依據(jù)不同行業(yè)和行業(yè)分類來決定。沒有一個固定的規(guī)則是一個復雜的隨時可能變動的目標 Size standards are determined by Industry and Industry Class

18、ification. No one rulea complex moving targetl美國小企業(yè)局曾于2004年考慮將小企業(yè)定義中的員工人數(shù)指標擴大到1500人。 The SBA definition may change in 2004 to include businesses with up to 1500 employees10 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設定背景（美國）：對經(jīng)濟的貢獻設定背景（美國）：對經(jīng)濟的貢獻 Setting the context (US): Economic relevancel 傳統(tǒng)上，美國的

19、企業(yè)被劃分為大型、中型和小型 U.S. businesses were traditionally classified as either large, medium or smalll個人獨資企業(yè)大約占了企業(yè)總數(shù)的73 Approximately 73% of businesses are sole proprietorshipsl另外6為合伙制企業(yè) Another 6% are legally filed as partnerships, l21為私營公司制企業(yè) 21% are filed as private corporationsl 美國人口調查局1997年的研究顯示，按員工人數(shù)和

20、年銷售額這兩個指標進行劃分，全國98的個人獨資企業(yè)、合伙制企業(yè)和私營公司制企業(yè)都是小企業(yè)。 1997 study conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, 98% of sole proprietorships, partnerships and private corporations are considered small businesses based upon employee size and annual sales volume. 11 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 設定背景（美國）：對經(jīng)

21、濟的貢獻設定背景（美國）：對經(jīng)濟的貢獻 Setting the context (US): Economic relevancel 不管基于何種定義，小企業(yè)都代表了美國全部企業(yè)數(shù)的9598 Small businesses, regardless of definition, represent 95% to 98% of all U.S. businessesl99.7的總就業(yè)人口 99.7% of all employersl39的高科技企業(yè)工人 39% of workers in high techl6080的新就業(yè)機會 60-80% of all new jobsl50的非農(nóng)業(yè)私營部門

22、產(chǎn)出和22.8的聯(lián)邦主包/分包合同金額 50% of non-farm private sector output and 22.8% of federal prime/subcontractor dollarsl53的企業(yè)為住家辦公型企業(yè)，3為特許經(jīng)營企業(yè) 53% of businesses are home bases and 3% are franchises12 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 中小企業(yè)風險管理的要點：中小企業(yè)信貸將對經(jīng)濟健康產(chǎn)生影中小企業(yè)風險管理的要點：中小企業(yè)信貸將對經(jīng)濟健康產(chǎn)生影響響 The point of

23、SME risk management: SME lending impacts economic healthl 中小企業(yè)信貸將對一國的經(jīng)濟健康和放貸機構的利潤率產(chǎn)生影響 SME lending impacts both economic health of a nation and institutional profitability “信貸評分技術為（美國）市場發(fā)展打下了基礎它使貸款人能夠建立起高度多元化的貸款組合，從而大幅降低信貸風險。（信貸評分）在改善我們的信貸發(fā)放系統(tǒng)效率和擴大發(fā)放范圍方面也起到了主要作用，它使貸款人擴大了它們愿意放貸并能從中獲利的借款人基礎?！?“Credit-

24、scoring technologies have served as the foundation for the development of U.S. marketsallowing lenders to build highly diversified loan portfolios that substantially mitigate credit risk. Credit scoring has played a major role in promoting the efficiency and expanding the scope of our credit-deliver

25、y systems and allowing lenders to broaden the population they are willing and able to serve profitably.” 美聯(lián)儲主席艾倫格林斯潘 在美國銀行協(xié)會會議上的講話 2002年10月7日 Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, Remarks before the American Bankers Association, October 7, 2002“隨著經(jīng)濟活動不斷增強，以及企業(yè)對其客戶的需求越來越有信心，企業(yè)對貸款的需求將會增加，銀行業(yè)面臨的利潤壓力

26、將會開始緩解” “As economic activity continues to grow and businesses become more confident about their customers demands, business loan demand should increase, and pressures on banking margins should begin to ease.” 美聯(lián)儲主席艾倫格林斯潘 在美國獨立社區(qū)銀行大會上的講話（通過衛(wèi)星聯(lián)線），2004年3月17日 Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, Re

27、marks Before the Independent Community Bankers of America Convention, via satellite March 17, 2004 13 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 中中國的中小企業(yè)：經(jīng)濟增長的動力國的中小企業(yè)：經(jīng)濟增長的動力 SMEs in China: An Engine for Growthl 中國政府希望中小企業(yè)在中國經(jīng)濟增長中發(fā)揮更加重要的作用 Chinese Government expecting SMEs to play an increasing imp

28、ortant role in Chinas economic growth.l 起草了一系列支持中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的鼓勵政策，舉辦了諸如2006年第3屆中小企業(yè)融資大會等促進借貸雙方交流的活動 Series of preferential policies drafted to support SMEs as well as initiatives such as Financing Fair during 3rd CISMEF in 2006 to bridge SMEs with Lenders.l 僅廣東一省，就有38萬家私營中小企業(yè)，總投資超過5000億元人民幣（合625億美元），雇用員工總

29、數(shù)超過350萬人 Guangdong alone has registered more than 380,000 privately-run SMEs, total investment more than RMB 500 billion (USD 62.5 billion) and employs more than 3.5 million people.l 雖然中小企業(yè)被認為是主要的經(jīng)濟力量，但是卻仍然較難獲得銀行貸款，因為它們在傳統(tǒng)上被認為是高風險且服務成本較高的對象 Though SMEs are recognized as an important sector of the ec

30、onomy, accessing bank financing remains difficult as SMEs are traditionally perceived as high-risk & high cost to service14 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. l 導言 Introductionl 中小企業(yè)的定義 The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) definedl 數(shù)據(jù)對中小企業(yè)信貸決策的作用數(shù)據(jù)對中小企業(yè)信貸決策的作用 The Relevance of Data for

31、SME decision-makingl 貫穿中小企業(yè)客戶生命周期的信貸評分工具 Credit Scoring across the SME account life cyclel 結論 Conclusion議程議程 AGENDA 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 15 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 從其它國家市場中可以學習到的主要知識從其它國家市場中可以學習到的主要知識 Key Learnings from other marketsl 數(shù)據(jù)是最重要的數(shù)據(jù)是最重要的 Data are

32、paramountl成功依賴于持續(xù)地獲取、保留和利用所有相關數(shù)據(jù)的能力成功依賴于持續(xù)地獲取、保留和利用所有相關數(shù)據(jù)的能力 Success depends on the ability to capture, retain and use all relevant data over timel數(shù)據(jù)清洗是必需的步驟數(shù)據(jù)清洗是必需的步驟 Data hygiene is a required stepl 預測模型和分析工具預測模型和分析工具 Predictive models and analyticsl需要充分的準備時間來采取行動需要充分的準備時間來采取行動 Requires sufficient

33、 lead time to take actionl戰(zhàn)略、報告和合規(guī)的組成部分戰(zhàn)略、報告和合規(guī)的組成部分 Component of strategy, reporting, compliancel 自動化自動化 Automationl成本節(jié)約、一致性、準確性成本節(jié)約、一致性、準確性 Cost savings, consistency, accuracyl流程、規(guī)則、結果流程、規(guī)則、結果 Processes, rules, outputl 必須對戰(zhàn)略進行結合、測試和跟蹤必須對戰(zhàn)略進行結合、測試和跟蹤 Strategy must be aligned, tested and trackedl各個不

34、同的層次：產(chǎn)品、定價、決策流程各個不同的層次：產(chǎn)品、定價、決策流程 Various levels: product, pricing, decision making process l在整個客戶生命周期中結合數(shù)據(jù)工具在整個客戶生命周期中結合數(shù)據(jù)工具 Alignment across the account lifecyclel測試和跟蹤是關鍵測試和跟蹤是關鍵 Testing and tracking are key16 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 對中小企業(yè)借款人的認識對中小企業(yè)借款人的認識 SME trivial個個人數(shù)據(jù)：人數(shù)據(jù)：

35、不斷地被證明，它是預測小小企業(yè)表現(xiàn)的最強有不斷地被證明，它是預測小小企業(yè)表現(xiàn)的最強有力的指標力的指標 Consumer data is proven time and time again to be the most powerful predictor of very small business performance l業(yè)主作為消費者的表現(xiàn)模式經(jīng)常被錯誤地認定為是服務于個人產(chǎn)品的，而它實際上是一個典型的服務于商業(yè)（即小企業(yè)）產(chǎn)品的數(shù)據(jù) Business owner pattern of consumer performance often mistakenly viewed adver

36、sely for consumer products yet is typical for commercial productsl商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)通常是一個預測借款企業(yè)表現(xiàn)的早期指標通常是一個預測借款企業(yè)表現(xiàn)的早期指標 Commercial data often an early indicator of performancel在標準付款行為中，應區(qū)分商業(yè)習慣和付款能力的差別 Difference between standard payment as part of business practices and capacity issuesl小企業(yè)選擇最先償還銀行貸款，其次是付水電氣等

37、公用事業(yè)費，最后才是付供應商的貨款 Small businesses pay their banks first, utilities second and vendors last 17 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 對中小企業(yè)借款人的認識對中小企業(yè)借款人的認識 SME trivial將個人和商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)結合使用，將個人和商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)結合使用，以期以期100100地達到巴塞爾新資本地達到巴塞爾新資本協(xié)議的精度要求協(xié)議的精度要求 Marrying consumer and commercial data to get to 100% resolu

38、tion as required under Basel IIl美國中小企業(yè)管理局 The U.S. Small Business Administration l從360度的全景、隱藏的細微差別、連通性等方面進行數(shù)據(jù)清洗 Data hygiene for 360 view, hidden nuances, connectivityl財務數(shù)據(jù)財務數(shù)據(jù)（企業(yè)自行報送或從公共渠道獲得）（企業(yè)自行報送或從公共渠道獲得） 對評分或自對評分或自動決策沒有什么價值動決策沒有什么價值 Financial Data (self reported or public) little value in scori

39、ng or automated decisioningl行業(yè)分類行業(yè)分類各人有各人的定義和解釋各人有各人的定義和解釋 Industry Classifications different meanings and interpretations depending on audiencel 在人工審貸和自動審貸之間存在在人工審貸和自動審貸之間存在巨大的成本差異巨大的成本差異 Huge cost differential between judgmental and automation18 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 企業(yè)規(guī)模確實是一個

40、需要考慮的因素企業(yè)規(guī)模確實是一個需要考慮的因素Size does matter小型小型 Small大型大型Large19 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 數(shù)據(jù)的作用數(shù)據(jù)的作用 Relevance of Data Contributions l 早先的生意關系早先的生意關系 Previous Business Relationshipl15 30%l 個人征信機構數(shù)據(jù)個人征信機構數(shù)據(jù) Consumer Credit Bureau datal30 40%l 財務數(shù)據(jù)財務數(shù)據(jù) Financial Datal15%l 貸款申請數(shù)據(jù)貸款申請數(shù)據(jù) Ap

41、plication Datal15%20 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 成功實施數(shù)據(jù)驅動型放貸所運用的戰(zhàn)術：案例分析成功實施數(shù)據(jù)驅動型放貸所運用的戰(zhàn)術：案例分析 Tactics for data-driven success：Case studyl 是一家在美國東海岸中部地區(qū)運營的區(qū)域性銀行 Regional bank operating in the mid-Atlantic area of the U.S. l在過去的5年時間中，開始加快利用自動化審批和信貸評分技術 Over past 5 years, have begun to a

42、ccelerate use of automation and credit scoring l 小企業(yè)貸款余額為15億美元 $1.5B small business portfolio l 小企業(yè)的定義為年銷售額不超過2000萬美元。由于Fair Isaac的小企業(yè)定義是年銷售額不超過500萬美元，因此，評分僅能針對總量的50 Small business defined by client as up to $20MM in annual sales. Since Fair Isaac SBSS definition is $5MM, score only 50% of volumel 對

43、客戶的貸款處理時間從過去的兩周下降到了不超過1天 Average turnaround time with the customer is down from over 2 weeks, to less than one dayl 絕大多數(shù)貸款申請的處理時間不到15分鐘 Majority of applications processed in less than 15 minutes21 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. l 小企業(yè)貸款組合是整個銀行較賺錢的資產(chǎn)，也是處于成長中的業(yè)務之一 Small business portfolio i

44、s one of the more profitable areas of the bank as well as one of the growth areas for the bankl管理層認為經(jīng)過信貸評分發(fā)放的貸款組合比沒有經(jīng)過信貸評分發(fā)放的貸款組合的利潤率高（運營成本低，不良率低） Management says credit scored portfolio has better profitability than non-credit scored portfolio (lower operating costs, lower delinquencies)集中式放貸和標準化流程

45、（即：使用自動化審貸技術，使用評分工具來達到一致的客觀的高質量的決策） Centralized underwriting and process standardization (i.e. use of technology for automation, use of credit scoring for consistent/ objective/high quality decisions)過去在經(jīng)營上太過保守。研究成果能幫助銀行加強信心，使它們能夠減少拒絕的客戶數(shù) Were too conservative in the past. Research has helped bank g

46、et more comfortable, is allowing them to turn less business away帳戶管理流程中也使用技術，得益于對內部數(shù)據(jù)和信貸評分的綜合利用 Account management processes also use technology, leverages full internal data and credit scoring l 通過評分發(fā)放的貸款組合，其運營成本不良率改善了5到10實現(xiàn)了可觀的效益 Operating costs/delinquencies in scored portfolio improved by well o

47、ver 5% to 10% a significant multiple of improvement成功實施數(shù)據(jù)驅動型放貸所運用的戰(zhàn)術：案例分析成功實施數(shù)據(jù)驅動型放貸所運用的戰(zhàn)術：案例分析（續(xù)）（續(xù)） Tactics for data-driven success：Case study(Cont.)22 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 評分既能改善風險業(yè)績又能促進更有效的資源配置評分既能改善風險業(yè)績又能促進更有效的資源配置 Scoring drives both improved risk performance and more eff

48、ective resource allocation評分評分 SCORE自動接受自動接受AUTOACCEPT自動拒絕自動拒絕AUTODECLINE評估評估REVIEW申請人數(shù)量申請人數(shù)量 # OF APPLICANTS提高自動審批率提高自動審批率2040 .在不增加貸款風險的情況下降低了客戶的運營成本。由于降在不增加貸款風險的情況下降低了客戶的運營成本。由于降低了低了FTE成本，中型規(guī)模公務卡客戶可立即為放貸機構創(chuàng)造成本，中型規(guī)模公務卡客戶可立即為放貸機構創(chuàng)造140萬美元的利潤萬美元的利潤 Increasing auto-approvals 20 to 40% . saves clients

49、operating cost without adding risk to portfolio. Mid-size commercial card client instantly added $1.4M to their bottom line from reduced FTE costs從1200美元到 100美元From $1200+ to $100“評分能夠幫助風險分評分能夠幫助風險分散化散化” “scoring helps to diversify risk”23 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. l 導言 Introduction

50、l 中小企業(yè)的定義 The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) definedl 數(shù)據(jù)對中小企業(yè)信貸決策的作用 The Relevance of Data for SME decision-makingl 貫穿中小企業(yè)客戶生命周期的信貸評分工具貫穿中小企業(yè)客戶生命周期的信貸評分工具 Credit Scoring across the SME account life cyclel 結論 Conclusion議程議程 AGENDA 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 24 2007 Fair Isaac Corpo

51、ration. Confidential. 評分類型評分類型 Types of Scores 25 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. Jamaica全球全球FICOFICO 評分的可獲得性評分的可獲得性 Worldwide FICO Score Availability 全面數(shù)據(jù)共享全面數(shù)據(jù)共享部分數(shù)據(jù)共享部分數(shù)據(jù)共享26 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. HEADER RECORD (IDENTIFYING INFORMATION)I. Wishfor Credit12 Lost Lane

52、 Sams Petrol & Oil805 Main St. Somewhere, 6666 AttendantAnytown, 9999 Date of Birth 1965-05-26 ID 8888888888888 PUBLIC RECORDS (LEGAL ITEMS)1999-02-14 Judgment 1000ACCOUNT INFORMATION (PAYMENT PROFILE)SupplierDate Date Opening Current Account Payment ReportedOpenedBalance Balance Type ProfileNic

53、eWear 2002061997011070054 I 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 SuperCall 20020719990312223120 R P 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Best Bank 200207199302017,5003,520 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0Village Bank 20020720000214 12,0007,358 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2

54、1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0ENQUIRIES (SEARCHES)DateSubscriberType2001-04-21GoodBuyEQ2002-05-10RocketFinEQ1234680征信機構評分的價值：提煉預測能力征信機構評分的價值：提煉預測能力 The Value of CB Scores: Distilling the predictive power基礎記錄（身份信息）基礎記錄（身份信息）帳戶信息（付款狀況）帳戶信息（付款狀況）查詢（搜索）查詢（搜索）公共記錄（法院判決）公共記錄（法院判決）27 2007 Fair Isaac Corpora

55、tion. Confidential. 600620640680征信機構評分對個人風險進行排序征信機構評分對個人風險進行排序 Credit Bureau Scores rank consumer risk28 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 控制低端“推翻” Control Low-side Overrides控制風險的機會控制風險的機會 Opportunity to Control Risk獲得新客戶的機會獲得新客戶的機會 Opportunity for New Booking控制高端“推翻” Control High-side Over

56、ridesAPPLICATION SCORE低 Low高 High征信機構評分征信機構評分CB SCORE低 Low高 High雙重評分機會雙重評分機會 Dual Score Opportunities貸款申請評分貸款申請評分29 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confidential. 批準拒絕批準拒絕Approve/ decline 設定最初的信貸設定最初的信貸額度額度 Setting initialcredit limits 貸款分層定價貸款分層定價Tiered pricingof loans帳戶開發(fā)帳戶開發(fā) ACCOUNTACQUISITION帳戶管理帳戶管

57、理 ACCOUNTMANAGEMENT篩選申請人篩選申請人 APPLICANTSCREENING 提高降低信貸額提高降低信貸額度度 Limit increase/decrease 授權授權 Authorisations 重新發(fā)放重新發(fā)放 Reissue 收款收款 Collections 推銷推銷 Solicitation 交叉銷售交叉銷售 Cross-sell 組全資產(chǎn)認購組全資產(chǎn)認購 Portfolioacquisition在整個信貸生命周期中都可使用在整個信貸生命周期中都可使用 Use through the credit lifecycle30 2007 Fair Isaac Corpo

58、ration. Confidential. 征信機構評分征信機構評分 Credit Bureau ScoreApplication or Behaviour Score低低 Low高高 High高高 High強化你的決策強化你的決策 Strengthen your decision改變你的決策改變你的決策Change yourdecision改變你的決策改變你的決策Change yourdecision補充定制評分補充定制評分 Complementing custom scores貸款申請或行為評分貸款申請或行為評分31 2007 Fair Isaac Corporation. Confide

59、ntial. 對金融機構在小企業(yè)業(yè)務中使用信貸評分的調查和評估對金融機構在小企業(yè)業(yè)務中使用信貸評分的調查和評估 Survey: Assessment of Financial Institution Use of Credit Scoring for Small Business Lendingl 隨著第三方信貸評分的出現(xiàn)，銀行小企業(yè)業(yè)務的運營方式發(fā)生了巨大的變化 Banks operation for lending to small businesses have changed dramatically with the advent of 3rd party credit scores

60、l 信貸評分采用對風險進行量化評估的方式，增加了小企業(yè)可以獲得的資金量 Credit scores introduce a quantitative measure of risk that may increase the availability of funds to small businessesl 調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，各銀行在小企業(yè)貸款中運用信貸評分工具時，存在不同的方式：The survey confirms that banks implement the use of credit scoring for small business loans in a number of different ways:針對業(yè)主針對業(yè)主的信貸