高三復(fù)習(xí)-非謂語動詞備課講稿

1、高三復(fù)習(xí)-非謂語動詞二、主要用法二、主要用法（一）（一） 非謂語動詞做定語非謂語動詞做定語1. to do作后置定語作后置定語表將來表將來e.g. The car to be bought (buy) is for his sister.當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前面又被序數(shù)詞和最高級修飾時當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前面又被序數(shù)詞和最高級修飾時或被或被the only修飾時修飾時e.g. He was the best man to do (do) the job.e.g. She was the first woman to win (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games

2、.某些抽象名詞如某些抽象名詞如ability，attempt, chance, opportunity, effort，用，用to do作后置定語作后置定語 e.g. Do you have the ability to read and write English?2. to be done 表將來，表將來，“將被做將被做” e.g. The question to be discussed (discuss) tomorrow is very important.3. doing 與被修飾名詞主動關(guān)系與被修飾名詞主動關(guān)系I dont know the boy standing (stand

3、) under the tree.4. done 與被修飾名詞被動關(guān)系與被修飾名詞被動關(guān)系e.g. Have you read the novel written (write) by Dickens?5. being done 正在被做正在被做e.g. The houses being built (build) now are for the teachers.1. He was the last one _ (leave) school yesterday.2. The child _ (stand) over there is my brother3. Peter received a

4、 letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon.4. Its said that the Olympic Games _(hold) in London in 2020 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. 5. Do you have the ability _ (read and write) English? 6. The building _ (build) next year is our dormitory. 7. I think the

5、scientific advances _ (mention) in your article are interesting.8. The meeting _ (hold) now is of great importance. (二二) 非謂語作狀語非謂語作狀語1. to do 表表“目的目的”，為了做某事。還可作原因狀語，為了做某事。還可作原因狀語e.g. Helen had to shout to make (make) herself heard above the sound of the music.e.g. Im very glad to see (see) you.表意想不到

6、的結(jié)果，結(jié)果卻表意想不到的結(jié)果，結(jié)果卻e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 2. to be done作狀語作狀語表表“目的目的”，為了被，為了被表意想不到的的結(jié)果，結(jié)果卻被表意想不到的的結(jié)果，結(jié)果卻被e.g. He hurried to the station only to be told (tell) that the train had left.3. doing 作狀語作狀語與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，且與主句的謂語動詞與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，且與主句的謂語動詞基本上同時發(fā)生基本上同時發(fā)生e.

7、g. Not knowing (know)what to do, he went to his parents for help.4. Having done作狀語作狀語與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，先于主句謂語動詞發(fā)生與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，先于主句謂語動詞發(fā)生e.g. Having bought (buy) a precious diamond necklace for his wife, Tom couldnt afford a tie for himself.5. done過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，e.g. Encouraged (encourage

8、) by her teachers, Rose did well at school.6. Having been done作狀語作狀語與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，且先發(fā)生與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，且先發(fā)生Having been asked (ask) work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 補(bǔ)充：補(bǔ)充：非謂語作狀語，也可用連詞非謂語作狀語，也可用連詞when, while, once, until, if, unless, although +doing或或donee.g. If given more attention to, t

9、he trees could have grown better.e.g. We have to consider the need for environmental protection when developing economy.1. The island, (join) to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. 2. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _(say) nothing about the argument. 3. (translate) into English, the sentence

10、 was found to have an entirely different word order. 4. (open) in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. 5. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch) TV. 6. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more h

11、ours a day.7. When _ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. 8. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water) every day. 9. _ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.10.The news repo

12、rters hurried to the airport , only _(tell) the film stars had left.11. _(live) in Nanjing for many years, he knows the place very well.12._(keep) in the fridge for two hours, the food has gone bad. (三三) 非謂語作賓語補(bǔ)足語非謂語作賓語補(bǔ)足語1. 不定式不定式to do sth.作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有常見的用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有: ask, cause, get,

13、want, wish, tell, advise, encourage, persuade, invite, permit, allow, force, expect, beg, urge, require, call one.g. I asked him to come over.2. doing作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語 表示與賓語是主動關(guān)系，表示與賓語是主動關(guān)系，“一直做或正在做一直做或正在做”e.g. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.3. 過去分詞過去分詞done作賓語補(bǔ)足語作

14、賓語補(bǔ)足語 表示與賓語是被動關(guān)系，表示與賓語是被動關(guān)系，“被做被做”e.g. I often hear this English song sung by Lily. 4. “省略省略to的不定式的不定式”作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語 表示與賓語是主動關(guān)系，表動作的全過程表示與賓語是主動關(guān)系，表動作的全過程 e.g. The teacher had me repeat the story. 1. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ (issue) clear warning before firin

15、g any shot. 2. Passengers are permitted _ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 3. I smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? 4. Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your teeth. 5. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear E

16、nglish _ (speak) as much as we can.6. My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard. 8. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes _(fix) on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.

17、 (四四) 非謂語作主語非謂語作主語1. 不定式不定式to do作主語作主語e.g. To find a best friend is difficult. = It is difficult to find a best friend.2. 動名詞動名詞doing作主語作主語e.g. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (五五) 非謂語作賓語非謂語作賓語 1. 只能用不定式只能用不定式t

18、o do作賓語的動詞：作賓語的動詞：want, need, hope, expect, like, hate, try, manage, intend, plan, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn, decide, choose, offer, promise, wish等等 e.g. He pretend not to see me when I passed by.2. 只能用只能用V-ing作賓語的動詞：作賓語的動詞：admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, avoid, enjoy, pr

19、actice, miss, finish, keep, suggest, deny, allow, permit, forbid, risk, cant help, put off, give up, feel like, be busy, have difficulty, have a good time, cant stand(忍受忍受)等。等。e.g. We dont allow smoking in the hall.e.g. I have to put off shopping till tomorrow. 3. 后面既可以直接加后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加也可以直接加to

20、 do，兩者意義大致相同的詞有：兩者意義大致相同的詞有：continue, begin, start, love, hate, like等。等。4. 有些動詞后面既可以直接加有些動詞后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加也可以直接加 to do，但兩者，但兩者意義完全不同意義完全不同的詞的詞forget/ remember to do sth. 忘記忘記/記得要去做某事記得要去做某事 forget/remember doing sth. 忘記忘記/記得已經(jīng)做過某事記得已經(jīng)做過某事 try to do 努力做某事努力做某事try doing 試著做某事試著做某事regret doing 后悔已經(jīng)

21、做過某事后悔已經(jīng)做過某事 regret to do sth. 很遺憾要去做某事很遺憾要去做某事 mean doing 意味著做某事意味著做某事mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁地做某事情不自禁地做某事cant help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事不能幫助做某事1. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here.2. I cant stand _ (work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ (stop) tal

22、king while she works.3. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ (not take) his advice! 4. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. （六）非謂語作表語（六）非謂語作表語 1. 不定式作表語不定式作表語e.g. My work is to clean the room every day.注意：注

23、意：作表語，一般要用帶作表語，一般要用帶to的不定式的不定式, 但但當(dāng)主語部分有實(shí)義動詞當(dāng)主語部分有實(shí)義動詞do時時, to可以省略。可以省略。e.g. Now the only thing we can do is wait.e.g. What I wanted to do is take a nap for about two days. 2. v-ing和和v-ed作表語作表語 v-ing形式表示形式表示“令人令人的的”，多用來修飾事，多用來修飾事或物或物 v-ed表示表示“感到感到的的”，多用來修飾人，多用來修飾人， 人的聲音或表情等人的聲音或表情等 如如interesting有趣的；

24、有趣的；interested感興趣的；感興趣的； exciting令人激動的；令人激動的；excited感到激動的感到激動的 frightening，frightened四、注意情況四、注意情況（一）用?。ㄒ唬┯檬o的不定式的情況的不定式的情況1. 在在would rather, had better, why not, cant choose but(只好只好)，cant help but(只能只能/禁不住禁不住) 后面，用省后面，用省to的不定式。的不定式。 e.g. I would rather go swimming. e.g. You had better tidy your be

25、droom. e.g. Why not visit your cousin in Japan?2. 當(dāng)兩個動詞不定式由當(dāng)兩個動詞不定式由and, or, except, but, than, rather than相連接時，通常相連接時，通常第二個第二個 不定式要省略不定式要省略to。e.g. Do you want to go shopping or watch a film?e.g. I decided to write rather than phone.3. 動詞不定式在介詞動詞不定式在介詞but, except, other than后后面作賓語時，要帶面作賓語時，要帶to，但，但如果這些詞的前面有如果這些詞的前面有do, does, did時時，這些詞后面的不定式符