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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上中考英語名詞講解及練習(xí) 名 詞表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念等的名稱的詞。一、 名詞的分類 名 詞類 別意 義例 詞專有名詞表示具體的人名、事物、國家、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等的專有名稱jim ,
2、china, qingdao, the uk, the great wall普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示單個人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合 名詞表示一群人或一些事物的總稱people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示
3、無法分為個體的物質(zhì)water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名詞表示抽象概念的詞fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注:1.專有名詞是指人、地方、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等特有的名稱。第一個字母必須大寫。專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。 2、由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞“the”,但它不大寫。3、有些不可數(shù)名詞有時表示為具體的東西時,則變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)
4、名詞,eg. beer( ) -a beer ( ), work( )- a work ( ) glass( &
5、#160;)-a glass ( ), room( )-a room( )二、 名詞的數(shù):表示可以計算數(shù)目的人或物稱為可數(shù)名詞。1、可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式:可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在名詞前加 “a或an”;復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞后加 “-s或-es”。名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有
6、規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種,規(guī)則變化及其讀音可依照下表:當(dāng)名詞為:詞尾變化讀 音例 詞一般情況加s在清輔音后讀/s/ jeeps, pats , clocks在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/boys, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的單詞加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o結(jié)尾的單詞加s或es/z/zoos, photos, bam
7、boos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞去y 變i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe結(jié)尾的單詞去f或fe 變v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th結(jié)尾的詞加s/ðz/; /z/mouths, paths; months, 2. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 改變單
8、數(shù)名詞中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, mouse-mice 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 eg. chinese-chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由man 和woman構(gòu)成的合成
9、詞, 每個名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù) eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 注意: 有些名詞表示一種物體具有不可分割的相同的兩部分,在使用時只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
10、60; eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, etc;有些名詞從形式上看是復(fù)數(shù), 實(shí)際上是單數(shù)(其后的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3. 不可數(shù)名詞:表示不能計算數(shù)目的人或物,稱為不可數(shù)名詞。他們前面不能用a/an,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞都屬于不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1) 同一
11、個詞,變成復(fù)數(shù)形式, 意義不同。eg. food 食物- foods ( ),time 時間 - times ( ),green 綠色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)代指具體的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望
12、60;hardship - hardships 艱苦(3) 物質(zhì)名詞在表示數(shù)量時,常用某個量詞+of來表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, 例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!1. they got much _ from those new
13、60;books. a. ideas b. photos c. news d. stories 2.I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. a. orange, orange
14、160; b. oranges, oranges c. oranges, orange d. orange, oranges3. Every evening E r. king takes a _ to his home .
15、;a. 25 minutes walk b. 25 minutes walk c. 25 minute walk d. 25 minutes walk
16、4. An old _ wants to see you. a. people b. person c. the people d. the person 5. Help yourself to _.
17、a. chickens and apples b. chickens and apple c. chicken and apple
18、 d. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. a. rooms number b. rooms number c. room numbers &
19、#160; d. rooms numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. a. family b. house
20、160; c. home d. room8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to shanghai . a.Mary and peters
21、60; b. Mary and peter c.Marys and peter d. Marys and peters9. Li Lei has been to _ many
22、60;times this month. a. her uncle b. her uncles c. her uncles d. aunts 10. He is a success as a
23、60;leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. a. many experiences b. much experience c. an experience
24、 d. a lot experience練習(xí)與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績! 選擇最佳答案:1 Last night, there was a food accident. the _ were ill, but no _ were lost.a. child, lives &
25、#160;b. children, life c. children, lives d. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -ok, How happy they both look
26、ed! a. my father and mother b. my mother and father's c. my mother's and father's
27、 d.my father's and my mother3. The new student is in _ , grade two. a. class third b. third class c. class th
28、ree d. three class4. Today is september 10th. it's _ day. let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers. a. teachers
29、0; b. teachers' c. the teachers' d. teacher's5. The market isn't far from here. it's only _ bicycle ride. a
30、.half an hours' b. half an hour's c. half an hour d. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink,
31、 girls? - _, please. a.two cup of coffee b. two cups of coffe c. two cups of coffee d. two cups of co
32、ffees7. During christmas, people get together and sing christmas songs for _. a. fun b. wishes c. interest &
33、#160; d. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. a. child b. boy c. boys &
34、#160;d. childs9. After the exam, we'll have_ holiday. a. two weeks b. two-weeks c. two weeks' d. two week's10. They are
35、60;those _ bags.please put them on the bus. a. visitor b. visitors c. visitor's d. visito
36、rs'11.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. a. hundreds b. hundred c. hundred of
37、; d. hundreds of12. -what do you think of the _ the moonlight sonata by beethoven? - It sounds really wonderful. a. subject &
38、#160; b. music c. book d. animal13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. a. place &
39、#160; b. room c. field d. ground 14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating ita. wool
40、60;b. pork c. mutton d. milk15. if you don't take more _, you'll get fat.a. medicine b. lessons
41、0; c. photos d. exercise16. my school is about twenty _ walk from here. a. minute b. minutes' c. minutes&
42、#39;s d. minutes17. mum, i have _ to tell you! a. a good news b. some good news c. some good newes d. much&
43、#160;good news18. which is the _ to the post office? a. street b. way c. road d. ad
44、dress19. i stayed at _ last sunday. a. my uncles b. my uncles' c. my uncle's d. my uncle's family20. mat
45、hs _ not easy to learn. a. are b. is c. am d. were 冠詞 冠詞分
46、為不定冠詞(a, an )和定冠詞 (the) 知識梳理:提綱挈領(lǐng),抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)!一、 不定冠詞的用法 1)用與可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前,指人或事物的某一種類:例如: She is a girl. Pass me an apple , please. 2)、指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。例如: A boy i
47、s waiting for you We work six days a week. 3). 表示 “一”這個數(shù)量,但數(shù)的概念沒有one 強(qiáng)烈.例如: we are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth ,
48、a nose, two eyes and two ears. 4). 用于某些固定的詞組中.例如: a few, a little, a lot of注: 用a 還是an, 要看后面的詞讀音以輔音開頭還是以元音開頭.二、定冠詞的用法 1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the photo of the boy 2)
49、60;指雙方都知道的人或物.例如: -Where are the new books, jim? - They are on the small table. 3) 指上文提過的人或物.例如: Today he is making a machine. He wants to
50、ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane. 4). 用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前.例如: The sun is bigger than the moon. 5). 用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前.例如: The first truck is car
51、rying a few baskets. The third one is carrying the fewest of all.6). 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前.例如: The great wall The north street hospital7). 用在一些習(xí)慣用語中.例如: in
52、;the morning (afternoon, evening), on the left(right) at the end of 三、不用冠詞的情況 1)在專有名詞前和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如:china, grade two, bill smith, milk 2)名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some,&
53、#160;any 等代詞。例如: the letter is in her pocket.I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時。例如: my father and mother are teache
54、rs.I like cakes. 4)在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前。例如: It is sunday (monday, tuesday, etc.) Today is mid-autumn day.It is cold in winter. 5)在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如: Uncle
55、wang likes making things.What colour are Mrs greens shoes? 6)在三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動的名稱前。例如: He went to school after breakfast. Can you play basketball?注: 在某些固定詞組中,如:at home, by
56、60;bus, go to school 等的名詞前不用冠詞。冠詞用法口訣一、定冠詞的用法。特指雙熟悉,上文已提及;世上獨(dú)無二,序數(shù)最高級;某些專有名,習(xí)語及樂器。以上口訣歸納了用定冠詞的一般情況,即:特指某些人或物談話雙方都熟悉的人或事上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前序數(shù)詞回形容詞最高級前某些專有名詞前一些習(xí)慣短語(如:in the day等)中和樂器前(如:play the violin / piano)。二、不用冠詞的集中情況。下列情況應(yīng)免冠,代詞限定名詞前;專有名詞不可數(shù),學(xué)科球類三餐飯;復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,兩節(jié)星期月份前;顏色語種和國名,稱呼習(xí)語及頭銜。以上口訣主要概括了一般應(yīng)“免冠”的幾種情況,即:名詞前已有作定語用的this、that、some、any、my等限定詞。專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。表示學(xué)科的(如:maths、chinese、physics)名詞前。球類活動的名詞前及三餐總稱前。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛
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