西醫(yī)綜合-生理學(xué)-1

1、西醫(yī)綜合 -生理學(xué) -1一、Section Use of English ( 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00)It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives,(1) about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2) is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old person

2、's recollections of the past help to (3) an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (4) any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (5) to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6) living. (7) , the memories form p

3、art of a continuing life (8) , in which the old person (9) the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10) on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. (12) th

4、is task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13) subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are (15) to think about it and certainly not to talk aboutit (16) the presence of someone who is

5、dying. Death has achieved this taboo (17) only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18) the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19) our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20) is so.(1).A better t

6、han B rather than C less than D other than(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B. C.C. 此題屬于語法題。 rather than 為并列連詞，可以連接形容詞、動詞、名詞、副詞、不定式等，其意為“不 是這樣而是那樣”。例如： (1)China's industrialization needs a lot of scientists rather than a few (2)I prefer to work rather than remain idle文中此句意思為：老年人愿花時間談?wù)撨^去，而不太愿談及將來，故選項 Brather than 正確。

7、選項 Abetter than 表示“比好”；選項 Cless than 表示“比少”；選項 Dother than 表示“不同于，除了”，例如： (1)The truth is quite other than what you think (2)We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home全句可譯為：人們經(jīng)?？梢钥吹嚼夏耆嘶ù罅康臅r間思考和談?wù)撍麄冞^去的生活，而不是他們的將來。(2) .A so B even C nor D hardly(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B.C. D.此題屬于語法題。 本

8、句中前半部分為否定句， 選項 Cnor 引導(dǎo)否定句且句子倒裝。 選項 Aso 引導(dǎo)肯定句， 例如：“ I've got an enormous amount of work to do”“ So have I ”；選項 Beven 為副詞，表示“即使，甚至可以說”，例如： He looked content ， even happy 選項 Dhardly 表示“幾乎不”，例 如： He could hardly(Hardly could he)wait to hear the news全句可譯為：這些回憶不只是隨意的或細(xì)小的往事追憶，其目的也不僅僅是為了談話。(3) .A preser

9、ve B conserve C resume D assume(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A. B.C.D.此題屬于語意搭配題。 preserve 表示“保留，收藏”，強調(diào)使之完好無損或質(zhì)量不變，例如： We want to preserve the characterof the town while improving the facilities 選項 Bconserve 表示“保存，保藏，保重”，強調(diào)珍惜、 節(jié)約使用，一般與 energy 、health 、resources 等連用，例如：(1)Conserve natural resources (2)He is conserving h

10、is energy for the last twenty-meter dash選項 Cresume 表示“停頓后又重新開始”，例如： He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking選項Dassume 表示“假設(shè)，奪取”，例如： (1)We can't assume the suspects to be guiltysimply becausethey've decided to remain silent (2)The terrorists assumed control of the plane and

11、 forced itto land in the desert (4) .A performing B playing C undertaking D lacking(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. 此題屬于語意搭配題。 從上下文邏輯來看， 此處應(yīng)選 lacking( 缺乏)與 role 搭配，意為“缺乏這種角色” 。 選項 Aperforming a role和選項 Bplaying a role 表示“起作用，承擔(dān)角色”；選項 Cundertaking表示“承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任”，如： undertaking responsibility/a task 。(5) .A orientation

12、B implication C succession D presentation(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A. B.C.D.此題屬于語意搭配題。 orientation 表示“方向” ，常與介詞 to/towards 搭配， 此處需要一個名詞與 to the future 連用，選項Aorientation正確。選項 Bimplication表示“含意，暗示”，例如：The implicationof your statement is that I was wrong 選項 Csuccession 表示“連續(xù)，接替”，如： the succession of seasons ；選項 Dpres

13、entation 表示“贈送，遞交，提出”，例如： the presentation of the case( 關(guān) 于案情的陳述 ) 。(6) .A worthy B worth C worthless D worthwhile(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B. C.D.此題屬于語法題。 be worth+ 名詞/doing 表示“值得”，此處的名詞往往是錢數(shù)或相當(dāng)于代價的比喻性名 詞，例如： It's worth the time and effort we devoted to it.另外， worth 后面的動名詞總是用主動形式表達被動意義，例如： It is worth consi

14、dering 選項 Bworth 與 living 連用，符合題意。選項 A worthy 表示“值得”， be worthy of+ 名詞 /to do ，例如： This novel is worthy to be ranked among the masterpieces of Chinese Literature/It is worthy of the name選項 Cworthless 表示“無價值的”，與句意不符； 選項 Dworthwhile 表示“值得的” ，作表語或定語， 例如：It was a worthwhile attempt even though it failed

15、 to achieve its aim全句可譯為：老年人對過去的回憶有助于延緩他們?nèi)遮吽ト醯臓顩r：他們不再充當(dāng)受人尊敬的角色，也再 不能給未來確定生活的方向。老年人通過談?wù)撍麄兊倪^去來提醒別人他們的一生沒有虛度。(7) .A In a word B In brief C In addition D In particular(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B.C. D.此題屬于語篇連接題。根據(jù)上下文意思，此處需填表示遞進的短語 in addition( 另外) 。文章前一句講回 憶有助于老年人保留住他們的身份， 后一句講回憶成了老年人生活的一部分， 故答案 CIn addition 正確。 選項AI

16、n a word 表示“總而言之，一句話”，屬于總結(jié)陳詞；選項 BIn brief 表示“簡言之”；選項D In particular 表示“特別”，尤其表示“更進一步”，與文章內(nèi)容不符。(8) .A prospect B impetus C impression D review(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. 此題屬于語意搭配題。 指事情發(fā)生的可能性， 決爭端的可能性不大，life review 表示“生活回顧” ，符合句意。 選項 Aprospect 表示 “展望， 前景” ' 例如：With not much prospect of settling the disput

17、e ，the talks were halted （ 解 會談暫時中止了 ） 。從文章的上下文來看， 前面講的是回憶， 因此不可能回憶 “前景”， 故選項 Aprospect 不符合題意； 選項 Bimpetus 表示“動力， 推動力” ，例如：the primary impetus behind the economic recovery（ 促進經(jīng)濟恢復(fù)的主要動力 ） ；選項 Cimpression 表示“印象”，例如： What are your impressions of Hangzhou?分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）(9) .A integrates B incorporates C inc

18、ludes D interactsA. B.C.D.此題屬于語意搭配題。 integrate 表示“把集成， 使完整； 綜合” ，常與介詞 with 、into 連用，例如： The aim ， said the minister ，was to integrate Britain both politically and economically into the European Community 首相說， ( 其)目的就是讓英國從政治上和經(jīng)濟上融人歐共體。 又如：to integratetheory with practice。根據(jù)原文，老年人的生活回顧是指把過去發(fā)生的事件和他們的經(jīng)歷

19、綜合起來，故選項 Aintegrates 正確。選項 Bincorporates 表示“合并，結(jié)合 ( 成一體 ) ”，例如： (1)This aircraft incorporates several new safety features in addition to the standard ones (2)Suggestions fromthe survey have been incorporated into/in the final design選項 Cincludes 表示“包含 ( 作為其中的一部分 ) ”，例如： The bid includes tax and servi

20、ce 選項 Dinteracts 表示“與交往 / 溝通”， 例如： Modern architects are designing buildings for the future which will Interact with the user (10) .A reckons B counts C reflects D conceives(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B.C. D.此題屬于語意搭配題。 reflect on/upon 表示“反省，反思” ，例如： The old man reflected on the changes that had taken place since h

21、is youth此處需要一個動詞與下文的 meaning 搭配，因此只有“思考生命的意義” 符合邏輯，故選項 Creflects 正確。選項 Areckons（on） 表示“指望，盼望”，例如：I'm reckoning on your continued support 另外， reckon in（ 把計算在內(nèi) ） ；reckon up（結(jié)算，估計 ） ；reckon with （ 處 理，考慮到 ） ，如： reckon with the possibility；選項 Bcounts（on） 表示“指望”；選項 Dconceives表示“構(gòu)想出，認(rèn)為”，相當(dāng)于 imagine 或

22、invent ，例如： He conceives of society as a jungle where only the fittest survive本句的賓語是“老年人快結(jié)束的一生的意義”，因此不可能是“想像”的，故選項 D 不符合題意。 全句可譯為：除此之外，這些記憶形成了持續(xù)不斷的人生回顧的一部分。在回憶 中，老年人把過去韻事件及經(jīng)歷結(jié)合在一起，并且反思他（她） 即將結(jié)束的一生的全部意義。（11）.A keeps B draws C inclines D tends （分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B. C.D.此題屬于詞語搭配題。 draw to a close 表示“接近結(jié)束”，符合

23、句意，其他選項雖均可搭配 to ，但語意 不符。選項 Akeeps（to） 表示“遵守諾言，堅持”，例如： For heaven's sake ，let's keep to the point or we'll never reach any decisions 選項 Cinclines（tosth /to do） 表示 “傾向于” ，例如：I inclineto disagree with you on that point 選項 Dtends（to sth /to do） 表示“照料，傾向于”，例如： Plants tend to die in hot weathe

24、r if you don't water them全句可譯為：隨著生命周期臨近結(jié)束，老年人必須學(xué)會接受他們自己即將面臨死亡的現(xiàn)實。（12）.A Therefore B And C Yet D Otherwise（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C. D. 此題屬于語篇銜接題。從下文看，此句表示語氣轉(zhuǎn)折。前一句講面對即將死亡的現(xiàn)實，下一句講接受這一 現(xiàn)實（面對死亡 ）并不容易做到， 因此選項 CYet 正確。選項ATherefore（ 因此） ，表因果關(guān)系； 選項BAnd 表并列關(guān)系；選項 DOtherwise 表示“否則，不然”，與句意不符，例如： Write his new addres

25、s down， otherwise you will forget it（13）.A taboo B dispute C contempt D neglect（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A. B.C.D.此題屬于語意搭配題。 taboo 表示“禁忌，忌諱”，符合句子意思：死亡在美國是一個忌諱的話題。選項B dispute（ 爭端 ） ；選項 Ccontempt 表示“蔑視”，例如： She maden o attempt to conceal her contempt for anyone who was of lower social status （2）He said that criticis

26、m didn't worry him as he held most of his critics in contempt anyway選項 Dneglect 表示“疏忽，不留心”，例如： I'd neglected to tell him that I wouldn't be home that night全句可譯為：不過，這很難做到。因為在美國，死亡幾乎是一個忌諱的話題。（14）.A notorious B indecent C obscure D desperate（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B. C.D.此題屬于語意搭配題。 indecent 表示“不成體統(tǒng)的，

27、不體面的” 。根據(jù)上下文， 上句說死亡是忌諱的話題， 因此，談?wù)撍劳鰰豢醋魇遣怀审w統(tǒng)的， 故選項 Bindecent 正確。選項 Anotorious 表示“臭名昭著的， 聲名狼藉的”，例如： The company is notorious for paying its bill late選項 Cobscure 表示“晦澀的； 偏僻的， 模糊的” ，例如： an obscure style of writing/an obscure island 。又如： Official policy has changed， for reasons that remain obscure 選項 Dde

28、sperate 表示“絕望的，拼命的，極度的”， 例如： make a desperate attempt（孤注一擲 ） 。全句句譯為：僅僅談?wù)撍劳鲞@個話題就會被認(rèn)為是不成體統(tǒng)的。（15）.A ready B willing C liable D reluctant（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. 此題屬于語意搭配題。 reluctant 表示“勉強的，不情愿的”，此處句意為：死亡是個令人恐怖的話題， 當(dāng)然人們都不情愿去想它， 故選項 Dreluctant 正確。其他三選項雖然都可與 to do 連用，但不符合句意： 選項Aready（ 樂意的 ） ；選項Bwilling（ 愿意的） ；

29、選項Cliable（ 有傾向的 ） ，例如：Wea re all liable to make mistakes （16）.A at B on C with D in（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. 此題屬于詞語搭配題。 in the presence of 表示“當(dāng)?shù)拿妫谠趫龅那闆r下”，例如： She ordered the car in the presence of the sales manager又如： He is usually quite polite in my presence(whenI am there) 選項 Aat ， Bon 和選項 Cwith 均無此意，

30、with great presence 意指“氣度軒昂”。 全句可譯為：作為成年人，我們當(dāng)中許多人覺得死亡這個話題令人感到恐怖，并且不愿意去想它當(dāng)然 更不要在垂死的人面前談?wù)撍?。?7）.A status B circumstance C environment D priority（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A. B.C.B. 此題屬于語意搭配題。 status 表示“地位”，可與前面的動詞 achieve 連用，說明在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)社會里，談 論死亡處于人們忌諱的境況。其他選項：選項 Bcircumstance 指某事，件或動作發(fā)生時的“情況”，一 般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如： Under/In such cir

31、cumstances ，we had better send him to hospital immediately 選 項C environment 表示“環(huán)境（總稱） ”，強調(diào)環(huán)繞著某一特定的人或物， 同時往往著重對該人 / 物的影響， 例如： He grew up in an environment of poverty 選項 Dpriority 表示“優(yōu)先權(quán)”，例如： They insist that the right to live should take priority over all other considerations （ 他們堅持認(rèn)為生存權(quán)利應(yīng)放在其他一切考慮因素之

32、上。 ） 全句可譯為：只有在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)社會里，死亡才成為人們忌諱的話題。（18）.A encounter B confront C tolerate D expose（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B. C.C. 此題屬于語意搭配題。 confront 表示“面對困境 / 人”，例如： When he returned to his office he was confronted by/with a great pile of work 此處指面對死亡， 故選項 Bconfront 正確。選項 Aencounter 表示“邂逅，遭遇（危險、麻煩、反對等） ”，例如：The army is repor

33、ted to be encountering considerable resistance in some remote rural areas （ 據(jù)報道，這支軍隊在偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)遇到了相當(dāng)激烈的反抗。） 選項C tolerate 表示“容忍”，例如： It seems these ants can tolerate temperatures which would kill other species 選項 Dexpose 表示“暴露”，常與 to 連用，例如： It is feared that people living near the power station may have be

34、en exposed to radiation（19）.A under B above C beyond D within（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C. D. 此題屬于詞語搭配題。 beyond表示“ （指空間 ）在那一邊”，在借喻中有“超出”之意，偏重于客觀事物 非本身能力所能達到或完成，例如： The failure arose from circumstances beyond our control 其他 類似說法還有 beyond one's power/endurance/comprehension，故選項 Cbeyond 正確。選項 Aunder（control） 表

35、示“情況正常，處于控制之下”，例如： bring inflation under control 選項 Babove 強調(diào) 本身凌駕于一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之上，例如： Do you consider yourself above criticism/reproach?（ 難道你認(rèn)為誰 都不能批評你嗎 ?/ 你是無可指摘的嗎 ?）選項 Dwithin 通常不與 control 連用。（20）.A which B what C as D that（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. 此題屬于語法題。 此處缺一個引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞， 因為句中先行詞 natural processes 有 only 修飾，

36、 故選項 Dthat 正確。其他選項： Awhich ，Bwhat 和Cas 均不符合題意。 全句可譯為：這個原因就是我們?nèi)匀粺o法控制死亡，它似乎是唯一一個不受人們控制的自然過程。二、Section Reading Comprehension （ 總題數(shù)： 0，分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.00）三、Part A （ 總題數(shù)： 0，分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.00）四、Text 1 ( 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00)Data security used to be all about spending big bucks on firewalls to defend data at the network perimete

37、r and on antivirus software to protect individual computers. Internet-based computing, or cloud computing, has changed all that, at the same time expanding exponentially the chances for data thieves and hackers.The cloud creates other opportunities too. a handful of security vendors now deliver secu

38、rity as a service-a one-two punch of hardware and software that monitors and manages an enterprise's data security and bills customers only for the computing power they use. "For years, security was about big companies pushing technology to their customers," says Qualys CEO and founder

39、 Philippe Courtot. "Now it's about the customers pulling precisely what they need and providing them with those resources on demand. "Qualys, a privately held company in Redwood Shores, Calif. , was among the first to embrace the service-oriented model, in 1999. Today four different mo

40、dules of QualysGuard, its flagship offering, are used by more than 3500 organizations in 85 countries. The company performs more than 200 million security audits per year.Courtot knows something about opportunity. The French entrepreneur arrived in Silicon Valley in1987 and has built a number of com

41、panies into big-time players, including Signio, an electronic-payment start-up that was eventually sold to VeriSign in a combined deal for more than $1 billion. As CEO, he rebuilt Verity and transformed cc:Mail, a once unknown firm of 12 people, into a dominant e-mail platform before Lotus acquired

42、it in 1991. "Throughout my career, I've been able to recognize that for a technology to succeed, it must have a purpose," he says."Technology itself has no value. It's what you do with it that counts. "Under the old paradigm, according to Courtot, enterprises overspent fo

43、r stand-alone security devices that became unruly and difficult to operate over the long term He says Qualys attacks the flaws in this strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud. "We control the infrastructure, software updates, quality assuran

44、ce and just about everything in between," he says. The firm unveiled QualysGuard in 2000. After an infusion of $ 25 million from the venture firm Trident Capital and another $ 25 million from Gourtot, Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management.Much of the company'

45、;s current revenue-sales, topped $ 50 million last year-is being driving bya set of standards established by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCISSC). "The PCI standard has been a major driver of business for all of them, especially Qualys," says Avivah Litan, a vice p

46、resident and analyst at market-research firm Gartner. "When everyone has to comply, there's a lot of work to go around. /(1) .The traditional way to ensure data security is by .A applying for cloud computing B installing firewalls and antivirus programsC decreasing the chances for hackers D

47、 using a handful of hardwares and softwaresA.B. C.D. 解題思路 題目中 traditional way 是關(guān)鍵詞，對應(yīng)第一段第一句中 used to be 。第一段中提到人們過 去花一大筆錢在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的邊界安裝防火墻和殺毒軟件來保護網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的資料和個人電腦，故B 正確。 云計算是一項新技術(shù)，而非保護資料的傳統(tǒng)做法，故 A 不正確。第一段最后一句中提到，減少黑客入侵的機會是采 取云計算產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，而不是保護資料的做法，故 C 不符合題意。 D 在第二段中提及，屬于新技術(shù)，也 不是傳統(tǒng)做法，故排除。(2) .The phrase "one-t

48、wo punch" (Line 2, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to .A fight B negative effect C small size D combinationA.B.C.D. 解題思路 本題考查的是對復(fù)合詞意思的推斷， punch 意為“ ( 用拳的 ) 一擊；一拳”。第二段介紹云創(chuàng)造 了其他的機會少數(shù)安全軟件供應(yīng)商把安全作為一項服務(wù)，所以可推測應(yīng)該有許多硬件和軟件被開發(fā)來 共同服務(wù)于消費者，故 D 正確。 A 是對 punch 一詞字面意思的理解，而根據(jù)文意，此處不可能是指軟件 和硬件之間的斗爭。 既然作為一項服務(wù)， 就

49、應(yīng)克服負(fù)面效應(yīng)， 故排除 B 。下文并沒有涉及規(guī)模大小的問題， 故 C 不正確。(3) .What's Courtot's contribution to cc:Mail?A He transformed co. Mail into a dominant e-mail platform.B He tackled most of the service delivery through the cloud.C He pushed technology to their customers.D He invested a lot of money to ensure custome

50、rs' security.A. B.C.D. 解題思路 文章第四段談到了考特對 cc ：Mail 公司的貢獻他來到硅谷，建立了許多一流公司，并且 重新組建 Verity ，把一家不為人知的只有 12 個人的 cc ：Mail 公司變成了主要的電子郵件平臺，因此 A 正確。其他選項都是無中生有，并非是考特的貢獻。(4) .According to the text, which one about Qualys is TRUE?A It is a state-owned business company.B It is the first company that supports se

51、rvice-oriented model.C It can streamline security and tackle most of service delivery.D It doesn't focus mostly on vulnerability management.A.B.C. D. 解題思路 文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句中提到 Qualys attacks the flaws in this strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud，

52、 C 是對此句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，符合題意。第三段開頭提到 Qualys ， a privately held company，故 A 不正確。第三段第一句提到它是第一批支持服務(wù)型模式的公司之一， 而沒有明確指出它是第一個， 故B 不正確。 文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句，故 D 不正確。提到 Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management(5) .The author's attitude towards the PCI standard isA supportive B critical C oppose

53、d D nonchalantA. B.C.D. 解題思路 文章最后一段末句提到了支持觀點每個人都應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守，但還有很長的路要走。作者引用這 些人的觀點來陳述自己鼓勵新技術(shù)的發(fā)展， A符合題意。 B和C表述意思相反，故排除。 D 不符合文 意，故不正確。五、Text 2 ( 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00)Many will know that the word "muscle" comes from the Latin for "mouse" (rippling under the skin, so to speak ). But what about

54、"chagrin", derived from the Turkish for roughened leather, or scaly sharkskin. Or "lens" which comes from the Latin "lentil" or "window" meaning "eye of wind" in old Norse? Looked at closely, the language comes apart in images, like those strange pai

55、ntings by Giuseppe Arcimboldo where heads are made of fruit and vegetables.Not that Henry Hitchings's book is about verbal surrealism. That is an extra pleasure in a book which is really about the way the English language has roamedthe world helping itself liberallyto words, absorbing them, forg

56、etting where they came from, and moving on with an ever-growing load of exotics, crossbreeds and subtly shaded near-synonyms. It is also about migrations within the language's own borders, about upward and downward mobility, about words losing their roots, turning up in new surroundings, or lyin

57、g in wait, like "duvet" which was mentioned by Samuel Johnson, for their moment.All this is another way of writing history. The Arab etymologies of " saffron ", "crimson" and"sugar" speak of England's medieval trade with the Arab world. Weh ave "chequ

58、e" and "tariff"fromthis source too, plus "arithmetic" and "algorithm"-just as we have "etch" and "sketch" from the Dutch, musical terms from the Italians and philosophical ones from the Germans. French nuance and finesse are everywhere. At every stage, the book is about people and ideas on the move, about invasion, refugees, immigrants, trader