非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案+答案

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)專題七 非謂語動(dòng)詞一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類不定式 (to do)非動(dòng)名詞v-ingas n.謂現(xiàn)在分語as adj. or adv. 詞v-ed過去分詞二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的語法功能及時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)1、句法功能種類在句中的作用不定式 to do主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語動(dòng)名詞 doing主語賓語表語定語分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doing表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語過去分詞 done2、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)形式類別時(shí)態(tài) 形式時(shí)態(tài)概念主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式to do一般式謂語動(dòng)作之后to doto be done完成式謂語動(dòng)作之前to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生to be doingdoing一般

2、式與謂語動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)doingbeing done完成式謂語動(dòng)作之前having donehaving been donedone發(fā)生了、完成了done三、非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞） , 又沒有連詞的情況下 , 還有別 的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，這些動(dòng)詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語動(dòng)詞。Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非謂語動(dòng)詞（含短語） 。1. Tom returned from the manager s office, telling methat the boss wantedto see me at once.2. The news meeting, to be held i

3、n that hall, has already been crowded with reporters.3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.5. To live is to struggle. （ 生活就是斗爭。 ）四、非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法 非謂語三種基本形式表達(dá)的意義? Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful.主動(dòng) ,進(jìn)行? Please keep quiet in

4、 the reading room.性質(zhì)? Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被動(dòng), 完成? We see fallen leaves on the ground.完成? Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.狀態(tài)? We are invited to a party to be held next Friday.將來? We plant many trees to make our city green.目的表達(dá)意義： 動(dòng)詞-ing

5、：主動(dòng) , 進(jìn)行, 性質(zhì)； 動(dòng)詞-ed ：被動(dòng) , 完成, 狀態(tài)；to do ：將來 , 目的。1、v-ing 作非謂語動(dòng)詞（1）作主語Eg: Seeing is believing.Sending e-mail is increasingly popular.Ex. 2: 請(qǐng)用 v-ing 作主語，把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）說太多會(huì)給你帶來麻煩。2）散步對(duì)老年人和年輕人來說都是一種好的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式。（2）作賓語Eg: I couldn t help crying when I heard the bad news. mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forw

6、ard to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, can t help, miss 等動(dòng)詞用 v-ing作賓語。 在表示“需要” 的 need, want 和 require 等后用 v-ing 形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 , 也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。Eg: This car needs repairing.Or: This car needs to be repaired.Ex. 3: 請(qǐng)把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）你介意獨(dú)處嗎？ 2）他沒有馬上把消息告訴她。3）這種食物要煮過才能吃。（ 3）作

7、表語Eg: The story is so moving. The book is very interesting. Ex. 4: 請(qǐng)把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）這個(gè)問題真的很令人困惑。2）他的話很讓人失望。（4）作定語 Eg: China is a developing country.The kite flying in the sky was made by him. 位置： 1）單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式做定語，常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語。 如： a flying object2）動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式的短語做定語，常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。如 : an object flying

8、 in the air 如果 -ing 形式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用它的被動(dòng)式，即 being done, 通常表 示正在被做，常做后置定語。如： the tall building being built now 正在被建的高樓 Ex. 5: 請(qǐng)用 v-ing 作定語，把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）這片正被破壞的森林曾經(jīng)是很迷人的。2）在一中學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生數(shù)量大約為 8000 人。3）這是一部讓人感動(dòng)的電影。（ 5）v-ing 作狀語1）v-ing 短語在句子中作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、方式或伴隨動(dòng) 作等。 表時(shí)間Eg: Turning around, she saw a polic

9、e car driving up.Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.（When） hearing the news , he couldn t help laughing. 表原因Eg: Being poor , he couldn t go to school.Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.Not knowing his telephone number , I couldn t get in touch with him.表方式或伴隨Eg:

10、She stood, waiting for a bus.He sat there, reading a book.The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.表結(jié)果Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired, killing many people in the street.表?xiàng)l件Eg: Using your head,

11、 yo ull find a good way.Working hard , you ll surely succeed.2) 當(dāng) v-ing 形式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，應(yīng)使用完成式： having doneEg: Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.Ex. 6: 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) (not know) much French, they couldn t make th emselvesunderstood when they were in Paris.2) (finish

12、) all work, they went home.3) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, (say) nothing about the argument.4) (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the localpeople.5) (look) at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in theireyes.6) It rained heavily in the south, (cause) serious flooding i

13、n severalprovinces.( 6) v-ing 作賓補(bǔ) have, leave, keep, see, watch, hear, find, notice, feel, catch等動(dòng)詞及with 介詞后可用 v-ing 形式作賓補(bǔ)。Eg: Can you hear a girl singing an English song in the next room now?With his mother helping him, he is getting on well with his work.2、v-ed 作非謂語動(dòng)詞(1) 作表語Eg: We were so bored th

14、at we couldn t help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened.Ex. 7: 用括號(hào)內(nèi)的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) I m (satisfy) with your answer.2) He is not (interest) in research.(2) 作定語Eg: She has a pleased look on her face.The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.cooked food 熟食；成品 fried eggs 煎雞蛋；炒蛋frozen food 速凍食品 requir

15、ed courses必修課finished products成品Ex. 8: 用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。a written report boiled water armed forces fallen leaves a forced smile書面報(bào)告；報(bào)告書 開水；白開水 武裝部隊(duì)；武裝力量 落葉苦笑1) What s the language (speak) in that country?2) They re problems (leave) over by history.3) The play (put on) by the teachers was a big success.4

16、) Is there anybody (injury)?(3) 作狀語 Eg: Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.They came in, followed by some children.Ex. 9: 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) (give) good health, I hope to finish the work this year.2) (depress), he went to see his elder sister.3) When (treat) with kindness, he was very ami

17、able.(4) 作賓補(bǔ)1) 在感官動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)常用的感官動(dòng)詞包括： see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find等。Eg: I can smell something burnt.2) 在使役動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ) 常用的使役動(dòng)詞有： have, get, make, leave 等。Eg: She had her eyesexamined yesterday.3) 在 with/ without 結(jié)構(gòu)中Eg：With so much work unfinished , I can t leave now.4) 在某些動(dòng)詞之后，相當(dāng)于省略了 to

18、be 。常見的動(dòng)詞有： want, would like, prefer 等。Eg: The manager wanted the work(to be) finished by 3:00Ex. 10: 用括號(hào)里單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) I will have the clothes (wash) tomorrow.2) When they get back home, they found the room (rob).3) He would like the water (boil) before drinking.4) I saw a boy (knock) downby a car j

19、ust now.5) He shouted to make himself (hear).(leave), he cant go on with his6) Without enough money experiment.3、to do 作非謂語動(dòng)詞(1) 不定式作補(bǔ)語 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldriveenableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/ loveorderpermitmakelethavewantgetwarnpersuaderequest

20、sendtelltrainurgeEg: Father will not allow us to play on the street.The officer ordered his men to fire. 注意：有些動(dòng)詞如 make，have，get ，want 等可用不定式作做賓補(bǔ)，也可用分詞 作賓補(bǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。(2) 不定式作主語不定式作主語，往往用 it 作形式主語，真正的主語不定式放至句子的后面。Eg: Its so nice to hear your voice.Its necessary for you to lock the car

21、when you do not use it.It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. Its for sb.和 Its of sb.這樣的句子中，由于表語形容詞性質(zhì)的不同，導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語標(biāo)志用 for 或 of 的區(qū)別。1) for sb. 句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等。Eg: Its very hard for him to study two languages.2) of sb 句型中的

22、形容詞一般為表示性格、品德、心智能力、主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容 詞，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Eg: Its very nice of you to help me.你來幫助我，你真是太好了。(3) 不定式作表語不定式可放在 be 動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。Eg: My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.(4) 不定式作定語 不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Eg: I have a lot of work to do.The

23、re was nothing to bring home that morning.(5) 不定式作狀語1) 目的狀語 常用結(jié)構(gòu)為 to do , only to do (僅僅為了 ), in order to do, so as to do, so(such) as to ( 如此以便 )。Eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.2) 作結(jié)果狀語，可以表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面。Eg: I awoke to find my truck

24、gone.He searched the room only to find nothing.3) 表原因Eg: Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.4) 表示理由和條件Eg: He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully.(6) 省去 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除 ought 外)后。2)使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make后，感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen

25、to, smell, feel, find等后。注意：被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不能省去 to。I saw him dance.= He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.= They were made to work the whole night.3) would rather, had better句型后4) Why dont you ./Why not . 句型后Why not try once more? 何不再試一下 ?5) help 后可帶 to ，也可不帶 to, 如： help sb (to) do sth.

26、6) but 和except 后。but 前是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶 to 。 比較：He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.7) 由 and, or 和 than 連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè) to 可以省去。8) 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，可以省去 to be 。Eg: He is supposed (to be) nice.(7) 不定式的特殊句型 too to too to 太

27、以至于Eg: He is too excited to speak.(8) 不定式的特殊句型 so as to否定式是 so as not to doEg: Get up early so as to catch the bus.Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.五、v-ing 和 v-ed 的區(qū)別從時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個(gè)角度去區(qū)分時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)v-ing進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)v-ed過去被動(dòng)1、作定語a developed country / a developing country a student playing with k

28、nife people fighting against wars a soldier wounded by knife a road covered with snow v-ing 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。v-ed 表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的或者被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2、作狀語Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town. Hearing the good news, we all jumped up with joy. Seen from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.Given more time,

29、we could finish the job. v-ing 用作狀語時(shí) , 和主句的主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。v-ed 用作狀語時(shí) , 和主句的主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。3、作賓補(bǔ)They kept me waiting for a long time. He watched the cars coming and going.Mr. Li has Jim standing outside the door.I had my MP3 repaired last week.We heard this song sung in English.No matter how I try, I just cant m

30、ake myself understood by the foreigner. v-ing 用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) , 和句子中的賓語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 說明賓語一直在做或正在做某 事。v-ed 用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) , 和句子中的賓語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，說明賓語的情況。六、非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)題步驟（三大步驟）1. 判斷用謂語 / 非謂語 謂語：一般形式 （ 根據(jù)一般的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)變化 ） 非謂語： doing/ done/ to do2. 找出邏輯主語3. 選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 （表達(dá)意義 ） ： v-ing, v-ed, to do Step 1 是否使用非謂語Ex. 11: 先判斷一下句子是否有非謂語動(dòng)詞，再用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適

31、當(dāng)形式填空。1） （ study） hard, you will pass the final exam.2) She got off the bus and (head) for home.3) I think I (be) not strict enough with you.4) Look! The girl (sing) is Alice and the one who(dance)is Mary.小結(jié)：一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在謂語動(dòng)詞 , 沒有從句，又沒有連詞的情況，那就要非 謂語動(dòng)詞。Ex. 12 ：用 turn 的正確形式填空。1) If you to the left, youl

32、l find the post office.2) to the left, and youll find the post office.3) to the left, youll find the post office. Step 2 找邏輯主語Ex. 13: 觀察以下句子，然后填空。1) He sat at the desk, writing a letter.2) Taken good care of, the trees will grow up quickly.3) He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information.以

33、 上的 非謂 語動(dòng)詞在句子中充 當(dāng)?shù)?成分是，它們的 邏輯 主語 是4) The school built 10 years ago is Xiyi Middle school .5) Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.6) I m calling to ask about the positionadvertised in China Daily.以 上 的 非 謂 語 動(dòng) 詞 在 句 子 中 充 當(dāng) 的 成 分 是 ， 它 們 的 邏 輯 主 語 是7) I found them painting the w

34、indows.8) I found the windows painted.9) With his friend helping him， he finished his work quickly.以 上 的 非 謂 語 動(dòng) 詞 在 句 子 中 充 當(dāng) 的 成 分 是 ， 它 們 的 邏 輯 主 語 是。 Step 3 選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式Ex. 14 ：用適當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語動(dòng)詞形式填空。1) They went to Shanghai, with their son (leave) to his grandparents.2) They are busy, (prepare) files want

35、ed in the interview.七、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)( Absolute Structure )是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú) 立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞等構(gòu)成 邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，它的位置相當(dāng)靈活， 可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號(hào)將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是， 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能和用法（1）名詞 /代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞Eg: Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.The boy leading the way

36、, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.（2）名詞 /代詞+過去分詞Eg: This done, we went home.Homework finished, the boy went out to play.（3）名詞 /代詞+不定式Eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to goto his frie

37、nd s.（4）名詞 /代詞+形容詞Eg: An air accident happened to the lane, nobody alive.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.（5）名詞 （代詞）+副詞Eg: The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.The lights off, we could not go on with the work.（6）名詞 /代詞+介詞短語Eg: Mary was sitting near the f

38、ire, her back towards the door. 小結(jié)： 1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）兩部分之間沒有連接詞連接。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。Ex. 15: 選擇合適的選項(xiàng)。（ 1）Not far from the school there was a garden, owner seated init playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.A. its B. whose C. which D. that（ 2 ）He wrote a lot of novels, many

39、 of translated into foreignlanguages.A. it B. them C. which D. that（3）He wrote a lot of novels, many of were translated into foreignlanguages.A. it B. them C. which D. that非謂語動(dòng)詞綜合練習(xí)、語篇練習(xí)My sister, Paula, and her husband, Chris, had just finished 1 （tuck）their young ones into bed one evening when the

40、y heard crying 2 （come）from the children s room. 3 （rush） in, they found Tommy 4 （cry） hysterically （ 歇斯底里地 ）.He had accidentally swallowed a 5p piece and was sure he was going to die. No amount of 5 （talk） could change his mind. Trying to calm him, Chrispalmed a 5p coin that he happened to have in

41、his pocket and pretended 6 (remove) it from Tommy s ear. Tommy, natura lly, was 7 (delight).In a flas h, he snatched it from his father s hand, 8 it and demandedcheerfully “ Do it again, Dad! ”二、寫作運(yùn)用 把普通的句子變成高級(jí)的非謂語。1 He is standing there and he is singing.He is standing there, .2 Mary finished her h

42、omework and then she went out to play., Mary went out to play.3The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom, .4I m afraid of being laughe d at. I usually keep silent when I meet foreigners.(請(qǐng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，把以上兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子) 三、請(qǐng)用以下動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1

43、. The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poorvillage. (2007 年廣東)2. While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tyingup his horse to my car topull it toa smalltown some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.(2007 年廣東)3. She wi

44、shed that he was as easy (please) as her mother, who wasalways delighted with perfume.(2009 年廣東)4. He spit it out, (say) it was awful.(2010 年廣東)5. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man (sit) at the front.(2011 年廣東)6. He suddenly appeared in class one day, (wear) s

45、un glasses.( 2012年廣東)7. Suddenly, he (find) that he had run out of salt. (2013年廣東 )8. In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always (think) that it was onlysmall and not very important.(2013 年廣東)9. (suffer) such heavy pollution a

46、lready, it may now be too lateto clean up the river.10. I really appreciate (have) time to relax with you on thisnice island.11. (knock) at the door before entering, please.12. Sandy could do nothing but (admit) to his teacher that hewas wrong.13. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to (s

47、etup) some schools for poor children.14. (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White hasto take some medicine with him wherever he goes.15. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are striving (make) their products more competitive.16. In some

48、 parts of London, missing a bus means (wait) for anotherhour.17. When (complete), the museum will be open to the publicnext year.18. With a lot of difficult problems (settle), the newly electedpresident is having a hard time.19. Having a trip abroad is certainly for the old couple, but it remains (s

49、ee) whether they will enjoy it.20. Prices of daily goods (buy) through a computer can be lowerthan store prices.21. Why did you go back to the shop? I left my friend (wait) there.22. The manager, ( know) his factory s products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.23. Mr.

50、 Smith, (tired) of the (bore) speech, started toread a novel.24. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found (smoke) inthe kitchen.25. The teacher asked us (not make) so much noise.26. (give) time, he ll make a first class tennis player.27. He looked around and caught a man (put) his hand into t

51、he pocketof a passenger.28. I m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything (buy)?29. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain (seat)as the plane was making a landing.30. (face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask hisboss for advice.31. The storm left, (c

52、ause) a lot of damage to this area.32. Whena sked by the police, he said that he remembered (arrive)at the party, but not (leave).33. I couldn t do my homework with all that noise (go on).34. You should understa nd the traffic rule by now. Youve had it (explain) often enough.35. (put) into use in Ap

53、ril 2000, the hotline was meant for residentsreporting water and heating supply breakdowns.36. With no rain for three months and food supplies (run) out, thesituation here is getting from bad to worse.37. A remote controlledbomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, (injure) at least 12 people.38. Wha

54、ts the matter with Tim? Oh. Tims cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never (find) again.39. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work (finish), we refused the offer.40. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if (say)that he had something to tell the doctor.41. Though (lack) natural resources, the area is welldeveloped.42. It is silly of me (put) all eggs in one basket. That was theworst mistake I ve ever made.43. My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine