中學(xué)生英語語法句子及句子成分

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)一：句子成分；簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語和同位語。（二）主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）We often speak English in class.（代詞）One-third of t

2、he students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）（三

3、）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成We are students.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, see

4、m等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）Is it yours?（代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞）Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）The machine must be out o

5、f order.（介詞短語）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）（五）賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名詞）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They hel

6、ped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語）I enjoy listening to popular music.（動(dòng)名詞短語）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一

7、個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh air in.（副詞）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everything

8、in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）His rapid progress in English

9、 made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）（八）狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篖ight travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）He has live

10、d in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）Wait a minute.（名詞）Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語）Last night she didnt go to the dance party

11、because of the rain.（原因狀語）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）He was so tired that he fel

12、l asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語）She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）（九）補(bǔ)語：補(bǔ)足主語和賓語意義的句子成分，補(bǔ)足主語意義的句子叫主語補(bǔ)足語(也叫表語)，補(bǔ)足賓語意義的句子成分叫賓語補(bǔ)足語?？勺餮a(bǔ)語的詞有形容詞，名詞，不定式，分詞，介詞短語等。 They named him Jimmy.(名詞作補(bǔ)語） What you said makes me angry.(形容詞作補(bǔ)語） Mary asked me to go with her.(不定式作補(bǔ)語） We hea

13、rd her singing in the garden.（分詞作補(bǔ)語） Everything was in good condition.(介詞短語作補(bǔ)語） 練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morni

14、ng.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found

15、it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The

16、apples tasted sweet.二、選擇填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( )2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( )3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. s

17、weet( )4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )6. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( )7.I think _necessary to learn Engl

18、ish well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is 二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（說明一種事實(shí)或陳述一種看法）：Light travels faster than sound.2）疑問句（提出問題，共有四種）：a.一般疑問句Do they like skating?b.特殊疑問句How do you know that?c.選擇疑問句Do you want tea or coffee?d.反意疑問句He doesnt know her,does she?3）祈使句（表示請(qǐng)求，建議或發(fā)出命令）Dont tal

19、k in class4）感嘆句（表示說話人驚奇，喜悅，憤怒等情緒）2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.2) 并列句：包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來連接。 he food is good, but I had little appetite.3）復(fù)合句：包含一個(gè)主句從句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。復(fù)合句包括：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從

20、句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。e.g. The film had begun when we got to the cinema.（二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1、主+系+表：e.g. He is a student.2、主+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g. We work.3、主+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化

21、或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thic

22、k glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.練習(xí)二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoo

23、n.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二、選擇填空：1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to

24、 finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so2. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an3. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so4. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home? - Id

25、 like to go out. A. orB. andC. butD. so5. _ friendly _ to everyone!A. How, is sheB. What, is she C. How, she isD. What, she is6. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. forD. yet7. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made8. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet9. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. - _ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell meB. If you would say to meC. You will tell meD. I