高三總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)主謂一致講解及練習(xí)_百度文庫(kù)

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致一.主謂一致的種類1.語(yǔ)法形式上的一致主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2.意義上一致1主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The crowd were shouting.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有:people, , cattle,等。2主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:The news was so surprising.形復(fù)意單的單詞有 news 和一些以

2、ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱,如 physics , politics, economics等。3.就近原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。如用連詞 or , eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also等連接 的并列主語(yǔ),如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。如:Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.二.主謂一致的應(yīng)用1.名詞作主語(yǔ)1某些集體名詞,如 family, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè) 成員而言,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:His

3、 family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV.這類名詞有:audience , class , club , company , crew , enemy , crowd , government , group , party , public , team 等。 2某些集體名詞,如 people, police, cattle等,只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The police are searching for the thief.3單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:A sheep

4、is over there. Some sheep are over there.4當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則,把這 些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如:Three years has passed since then.5不定代詞 each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以 and 或逗號(hào)連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如:Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.6如果主語(yǔ)有 more than one很多 非常 或 many a許多構(gòu)成,盡管從意義上

5、看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 仍用單數(shù)形式。如:More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there.但是, “more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +than one” 結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:More members than one are against your plan.7 一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 例如:glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。 但如果主語(yǔ)

6、用 “a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞 ” 構(gòu)成時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用 單數(shù)形式。如:A pair of shoes was on the desk.8 this kind of book =a book of this kind(這種書 ,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);短語(yǔ) this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語(yǔ) (這一類人 ,但 this kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), men of this kind和 these kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用復(fù)數(shù), all kind

7、s of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.9復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),按意義一致原則,作用單數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),反之,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 這類名詞有:means (方法 , works (工廠 , species (種類 , Chinese , Japanese 等。如:The (This glass works was set up in 1980. (這家玻璃廠建于 1980年。 The (These glass works are near the rai

8、lway station. (這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。 當(dāng)它們前面有 a, such a , this, that修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); 有 all, such, these, those修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù), 但 means, no means, 10 如果名詞詞組中心詞是 all , most, half, rest等詞語(yǔ), 所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 反之, 用單數(shù)。 如: All of my classmates like music. All of the water is gone.11 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如:Between the t

9、wo windows hangs a picture.2.由連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)1用 and 或 bothand 連接并列主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises.2當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組

10、時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由引導(dǎo)詞前面的主語(yǔ)而定。如:The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3以 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接的名詞(代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近 一致的原則。如:Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. Either you or he is to go.3.代詞作主語(yǔ)1關(guān)系代詞 who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致

11、。如:Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.2疑問代詞 who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s heat ?3 ther, neither單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。但后接 of 時(shí),若

12、 of 的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式,若 of 的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞可以是單 數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),在正式文體中,單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如:Do(es any of you know his address ? None of them has(haveseen the film.4.分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ)1 “ 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +名詞 ” 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由 “a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名 詞 ” 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中 of 后面的名

13、詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞, 而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ),例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有 “a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù) ” 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)譯為大量,許多, the number of中心詞是 number, 謂語(yǔ)用 單數(shù),譯為的數(shù)量A number of students have gone h

14、ome.The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意:(largequantities of不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞一般用復(fù)數(shù),例如:Quantities of food(nuts were on the table.短語(yǔ) in quantity, in large quantities意為 “ 大量 ” ; in small quantities意為 “ 少量 ” 。2 a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts

15、of修飾 不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù),例如:A large amount of(A great deal ofdamage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3表示數(shù)量的 one and a half后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,例如:One and a half bananas is left on the table.5.名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)如果主語(yǔ)由 “the+形容詞 (或過去分詞 ” 結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù),

16、 這類詞有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind,the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等;The blind study in special schools. The poor live in a undeveleped country6.從句作主語(yǔ) 1由 what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù),但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般 用復(fù)數(shù)形式,例

17、如:What we need is more time. What we need are doctors.練習(xí) 11安徽卷 27The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 11湖 南 卷 26One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people.A. is; are

18、B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is3. 10全國(guó) Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn4. 10湖南 Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have5. 10四川 difficult to unde

19、rstand.A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is:are6. 09山東 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been7. 09四川 The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.A. are

20、; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was8. 09湖南 Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be9. 09陜西 Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to10. 08陜西 Did you go to the

21、 show last night? A.were B.have beenC.has been D.was11. 07江西 three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for ones health.A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are12. 07湖南 small that a day is unimportant.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been13. 07陜西 A.need repairing B.needs to repair C.needs repair

22、ing D.need to repair14. 07上海 good for ones health.A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are15. 07江西 Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided16. 06浙江 used regularly

23、.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.is B.are C.was D.were17. 06安徽 also true of the Johnsons.A.are B.is C.being D.to be18. 06江蘇 to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were19. 06遼寧 The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen r

24、iver every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going20. 05遼寧 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry.A. is working B. works C. work D. worked21. 05上海 Professor Smith, along with his assistants, the project day and n

25、ight to meet the deadline.A.work B.working C.is working D.are working22. 05山東 A.is washing away B.is being washed away C.are washing away D.are being washed away23. 05山東 The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed24. 04上海春 No one in the d

26、epartment but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign.A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know25. 04廣東 All the employees except the manager _to work online at home.A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged26. 04北京 The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _

27、visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be27. 04福建 She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached28. 03上海春 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 29. 02北京春 - How are the team playing? - Theyre playing well, but one of themA