高三總復習英語主謂一致講解及練習_百度文庫

1、高中英語語法主謂一致一.主謂一致的種類1.語法形式上的一致主語為單數形式,謂語動詞用單數形式;主語為復數形式,謂語動詞也用復數形式。如:The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2.意義上一致1主語形式雖為單數,但意義為復數,謂語動詞用復數。如:The crowd were shouting.單數形式代表復數內容的詞有:people, , cattle,等。2主語形式為復數,而意義上卻是單數,謂語動詞用單數。如:The news was so surprising.形復意單的單詞有 news 和一些以

2、ics 結尾的學科名稱,如 physics , politics, economics等。3.就近原則即謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞 or , eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also等連接 的并列主語,如果一個是單數,一個是復數,謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。如:Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.二.主謂一致的應用1.名詞作主語1某些集體名詞,如 family, team等作主語時,如果作為一個整體看待,謂語動詞用單數形式,如果就其中一個個 成員而言,謂語動詞用復數形式。如:His

3、 family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV.這類名詞有:audience , class , club , company , crew , enemy , crowd , government , group , party , public , team 等。 2某些集體名詞,如 people, police, cattle等,只當復數看待,謂語動詞必須用復數。如:The police are searching for the thief.3單、復數同形的名詞主語時,謂語動詞應根據意義決定單、復數。如:A sheep

4、is over there. Some sheep are over there.4當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數名詞時,往往可以根據意義一致的原則,把這 些復數名詞看作一個整體,謂語用單數形式。如:Three years has passed since then.5不定代詞 each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以 and 或逗號連接成多主語時,謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如:Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.6如果主語有 more than one很多 非常 或 many a許多構成,盡管從意義上

5、看是復數內容,但它的謂語動詞 仍用單數形式。如:More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there.但是, “more +復數名詞 +than one” 結構之后,謂語動詞一般多用復數形式。如:More members than one are against your plan.7 一些有兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復數形式, 例如:glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。 但如果主語

6、用 “a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞 ” 構成時, 謂語動詞一般用 單數形式。如:A pair of shoes was on the desk.8 this kind of book =a book of this kind(這種書 ,其謂語動詞用單數;短語 this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語 (這一類人 ,但 this kind of men的謂語動詞用單數, men of this kind和 these kind of men的謂語動詞 用復數, all kind

7、s of后跟復數名詞,謂語動詞用復數形式。如:This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.9復數形式的單、復數同形名詞作主語時,按意義一致原則,作用單數意義時,謂語用單數,反之,謂語用復數。 這類名詞有:means (方法 , works (工廠 , species (種類 , Chinese , Japanese 等。如:The (This glass works was set up in 1980. (這家玻璃廠建于 1980年。 The (These glass works are near the rai

8、lway station. (這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。 當它們前面有 a, such a , this, that修飾時, 謂語用單數; 有 all, such, these, those修飾時, 謂語用復數, 但 means, no means, 10 如果名詞詞組中心詞是 all , most, half, rest等詞語, 所指的復數意義, 謂語動詞用復數形式; 反之, 用單數。 如: All of my classmates like music. All of the water is gone.11 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如:Between the t

9、wo windows hangs a picture.2.由連接詞連接的名詞作主語1用 and 或 bothand 連接并列主語,謂語動詞通常用復數形式。如:Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises.2當主語后面跟有 as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導的詞組

10、時,其謂語動詞的單、復數由引導詞前面的主語而定。如:The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3以 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接的名詞(代詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數應根據就近 一致的原則。如:Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. Either you or he is to go.3.代詞作主語1關系代詞 who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致

11、。如:Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.2疑問代詞 who, what, which作主語時,謂語動詞可根據說話人所要表達的意思決定單、復數。如:Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s heat ?3 ther, neither單獨作主語時,謂語通常用單數。但后接 of 時,若

12、 of 的賓語為不可數名詞,動詞當然用單數形式,若 of 的賓語為復數名詞或代詞時,動詞可以是單 數,也可以是復數,在正式文體中,單數形式的動詞更常用。如:Do(es any of you know his address ? None of them has(haveseen the film.4.分數、量詞作主語1 “ 分數或百分數 +名詞 ” 構成的短語以及由 “a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名 詞 ” 構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中 of 后面的名

13、詞的數保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞, 而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語,例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有 “a number of+名詞復數 ” 謂語用復數譯為大量,許多, the number of中心詞是 number, 謂語用 單數,譯為的數量A number of students have gone h

14、ome.The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意:(largequantities of不可數名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動 詞一般用復數,例如:Quantities of food(nuts were on the table.短語 in quantity, in large quantities意為 “ 大量 ” ; in small quantities意為 “ 少量 ” 。2 a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數; large amounts

15、of修飾 不可數名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復數,例如:A large amount of(A great deal ofdamage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3表示數量的 one and a half后,名詞要用復數形式,但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式,例如:One and a half bananas is left on the table.5.名詞化的形容詞作主語如果主語由 “the+形容詞 (或過去分詞 ” 結構擔任時, 謂語通常用復數,

16、 這類詞有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind,the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等;The blind study in special schools. The poor live in a undeveleped country6.從句作主語 1由 what 引導的主語從句,謂語動詞通常用單數,但所指的具體內容是復數意義時,謂語動詞一般 用復數形式,例

17、如:What we need is more time. What we need are doctors.練習 11安徽卷 27The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 11湖 南 卷 26One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people.A. is; are

18、B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is3. 10全國 Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn4. 10湖南 Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have5. 10四川 difficult to unde

19、rstand.A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is:are6. 09山東 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been7. 09四川 The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.A. are

20、; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was8. 09湖南 Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be9. 09陜西 Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to10. 08陜西 Did you go to the

21、 show last night? A.were B.have beenC.has been D.was11. 07江西 three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for ones health.A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are12. 07湖南 small that a day is unimportant.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been13. 07陜西 A.need repairing B.needs to repair C.needs repair

22、ing D.need to repair14. 07上海 good for ones health.A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are15. 07江西 Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided16. 06浙江 used regularly

23、.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.is B.are C.was D.were17. 06安徽 also true of the Johnsons.A.are B.is C.being D.to be18. 06江蘇 to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were19. 06遼寧 The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen r

24、iver every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going20. 05遼寧 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry.A. is working B. works C. work D. worked21. 05上海 Professor Smith, along with his assistants, the project day and n

25、ight to meet the deadline.A.work B.working C.is working D.are working22. 05山東 A.is washing away B.is being washed away C.are washing away D.are being washed away23. 05山東 The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed24. 04上海春 No one in the d

26、epartment but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign.A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know25. 04廣東 All the employees except the manager _to work online at home.A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged26. 04北京 The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _

27、visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be27. 04福建 She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached28. 03上海春 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 29. 02北京春 - How are the team playing? - Theyre playing well, but one of themA