狀語(yǔ)從句 Word 文檔

1、專(zhuān)題：狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語(yǔ)從句放在主句之前時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)；放在主句之后，一般不用逗號(hào)。狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)其句中表達(dá)的不同功能，可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句，共9種。一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有when，as, while, after, before, since, ever since, till, until, once, whenever, as soon as, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, the mo

2、ment/minute/second/instant, directly, immediately, instantly, every time, each time, next time, by the time等。1. when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1) when的用法when既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，可用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或主句動(dòng)作先于從句動(dòng)作。I was thin when I was a child. 當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候我很瘦。The film had been on when we arrived. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)演了。whe

3、n引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果主從句主語(yǔ)相同，從句有be動(dòng)詞，則從句可省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man. 當(dāng)有麻煩時(shí)，可以找這個(gè)人。When (he was) a young man, he was fond of hunting. 他年輕時(shí)，喜歡打獵。when在be about to dowhen, be doingwhen, be on ones waywhen, be on the point of doingwhen,等結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)“這/那時(shí)”講時(shí)，表示某件事正在發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生，另一動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 I wa

4、s about to go out when it began to rain. 我正要出去，這時(shí)天開(kāi)始下雨了。The telephone was ringing when I got home. 當(dāng)我到家時(shí)，電話(huà)鈴正在響。2) while用法while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)的，強(qiáng)調(diào)某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)，主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于during the time that。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 當(dāng)我在做作業(yè)時(shí)，媽媽在做飯。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.

5、別人在工作時(shí)，請(qǐng)別高聲談話(huà)。while除了可以用作從屬連詞之外，還可用作并列連詞，表示對(duì)比關(guān)系“而，然而”。I like watching TV while he likes reading. 我喜歡看電視而他喜歡讀書(shū)。3) as的用法as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)并行發(fā)生，不指先后。As I left the house, I forgot the key. 我離開(kāi)家時(shí)，忘記了鑰匙。as還可以說(shuō)明兩種正發(fā)展或變化的情況，有“隨著”的意思，表時(shí)間的推移。As I get older, I get more optimistic. 隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我變得更樂(lè)觀(guān)。as常用作“一邊一邊”。He hur

6、ried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆忙回家，邊走邊往后看。John sings as he works. 約翰一邊工作，一邊唱歌。強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生。As he was going out, it began to rain. 當(dāng)他出去的時(shí)候，天開(kāi)始下雨了。as有時(shí)引起一個(gè)名詞，這時(shí)它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths. 當(dāng)他是孩子時(shí)，已對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)失去希望。2. before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1)before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，不用否定式的謂語(yǔ)。Befo

7、re they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.在他們到達(dá)公共汽車(chē)站之前，公共汽車(chē)已經(jīng)走了。2)當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后時(shí)，譯成“之后，才”，“在之前”，“還沒(méi)來(lái)得及就”，“就，便（主句否定）”。如果主句中用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，before從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。It will be long before we meet again. 我們要過(guò)好久才能見(jiàn)面。Three weeks went by before she realised her mistakes. 三周過(guò)去了，她才意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。The war lasted four

8、 years before the north won in the end. 在北方取得最后勝利之前，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了四年。He had hung up before I could answer the phone. 我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及接電話(huà)，他就掛斷了。We hadnt waited long before the bus came. 我們等了不久公共汽車(chē)便來(lái)了。3. until和till引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句until和till都表示“直到”，?？蓳Q用，但till 不用于句首，也不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句。1)“延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(肯定式)+until”表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)到為止，譯為“直到為止”。You may stay h

9、ere until the rain stops. 你可在這里待到雨停。He waited until (it was) ten oclock. 他一直等到10點(diǎn)鐘。I waited for him until he came back. 我一直等到他回來(lái)。2)“終止性動(dòng)詞/延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式+until”表示“直到才”。He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work. 他直到完成工作才睡覺(jué)。They didnt reach the village till it was dark. 他們直到天黑才到達(dá)那個(gè)村莊。He didnt come u

10、ntil he had gone over his lessons. 他一直到復(fù)習(xí)完了功課才回來(lái)。3)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式“It is not untilthat”。It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.、在教授到來(lái)之后，我們才開(kāi)始實(shí)驗(yàn)。4)not until放在句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，如：Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining the compound.直到畢業(yè)他才成功獲得這種化合物。4. since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，

11、意為“自從以來(lái)”，主句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)，但時(shí)間的計(jì)算方式略有不同。1)since后如果是終止性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，則時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起。Mr Li has been here since he came back. 自從李先生回來(lái)之后，他一直在這兒。I have written home but once since I came here. 自從我到來(lái)這兒以來(lái)，只給家里寫(xiě)了一封信。2) since后如果是延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，則時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起。He hasnt been back at school since he was ill. 自從他病愈后一直沒(méi)到學(xué)校來(lái)。I hav

12、ent heard from him since he lived here. 自從他不住在這兒以來(lái)，我就沒(méi)有收到過(guò)他的來(lái)信。3)有時(shí)時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)要從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或狀態(tài)開(kāi)始時(shí)算起，主要根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)考慮。Ive known Mr Smith since I was a boy. 我小的時(shí)候就認(rèn)識(shí)史密斯先生了。4)在“It is +一段時(shí)間+since”句型中，時(shí)間一律以since從句的動(dòng)作完成時(shí)算起。Its two years since we arrived here. 我們到這兒兩年了。It was years since I had known her. 我認(rèn)識(shí)她好幾年了。It is t

13、hree years since she was not in our class. 她離開(kāi)我們班有三年了。5.表示“一就”的句型1)as soon as, once, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment/the minute/the second/the instant等引起的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作就隨即發(fā)生，常譯作“一就”，這類(lèi)從句中，經(jīng)常用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。As soon as he arrives, Ill tell him. 他一到，我就告訴他。Once you study hard, youll pass t

14、he exam. 你一旦努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)通過(guò)考試。The moment he comes, Ill let you know. 他一來(lái)，我就告訴你。The instantt I saw him, I recognized him. 我一看到他，就認(rèn)出了他。 Well leave the minute you are ready. 你一準(zhǔn)備好，我們就出發(fā)。I left immediately the clock struck 5. 我剛走，鐘就敲了五下。2)on /upon+doing /n.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯為“一就”。On arriving at the station, the thief wa

15、s arrested. 一到車(chē)站，這個(gè)小偷就被逮捕了。On his arrival at classroom, the teacher came. 他剛剛到教室，老師便進(jìn)來(lái)了。Upon his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.他一到巴黎，就被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)貴族，并被投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。3)no soonerthan, hardlywhen, scarcely when/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“剛就”“一就”。在這些結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序，把

16、助動(dòng)詞had放在主語(yǔ)前面。I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我剛到車(chē)站車(chē)就開(kāi)走了。I had scarcely/hardly entered the room when the phone rang. 我一進(jìn)屋，電話(huà)就響了。注：當(dāng)這些表示否定意義的詞位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 他剛到家，天就開(kāi)始下雨了。Hardly/scarcely had I entered the room when the phone r

17、ang. 我一進(jìn)屋，電話(huà)就響了。6.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同，從句又有be動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，從句可省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦看見(jiàn)，永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)被忘記。Dont speak until (you are) spoken to. 有人對(duì)你說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)你才說(shuō)。二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句1.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由where, wherever引導(dǎo)。We must camp where we can get water. 我們必須在能找到水的地方露營(yíng)。I will follow you wherever you go

18、. 無(wú)論你到何處我都要跟著你。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志之事竟成。You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以隨意到任何你喜歡去的地方。Make a mark where you have any questions. 在有疑問(wèn)的地方做個(gè)記號(hào)。Where I live, there is plenty of rain. 我住的地方，雨水多。2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別Where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞；而狀語(yǔ)從句前，則無(wú)先行詞。Go back where you cam

19、e from. (where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句)從何處來(lái)到何處去。Go back to the village where you came from. (where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)回到你來(lái)的那個(gè)村子里去。3.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的省略Fill in the blanks with articles necessary. (necessary前省略 where it is)在需要的地方填上冠詞。三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有because, since, as, for, now (that) (既然)，seeing that(鑒于)，considering that(考慮到，由于)。1. be

20、cause引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句because用來(lái)回答why提問(wèn)，表示的原因語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，一般用在主句后面，也可以用在主句的前面；強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。-Why was he late? 他為什么遲到了？-Because he was ill. 因?yàn)樗×?。I do it because I want to do it. 我做是因?yàn)槲蚁胱觥ecause he was too careless, he failed. 因?yàn)樗中?，所以失敗了。It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.因?yàn)樗胁。荒芎臀覀円黄鹑?。注意：be

21、cause和because of的區(qū)別because 是連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；because of 是介詞短語(yǔ)，后接名詞性短語(yǔ)。The football match was put off because it rained. 因?yàn)橄掠辏闱蛸愌悠诹?。The football match was put off because of the rain. 因?yàn)橄掠?，足球賽延期了?.since, as, now that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句1)since引導(dǎo)的從句的語(yǔ)氣次于because引導(dǎo)的從句，常表示稍加分析后推斷出來(lái)的原因，或指的是人們已知道的事實(shí)，比as正式，一般譯成“既然，鑒于”，常置

22、于句首。Since I must die , I must do it. 既然我一定要死，那我一定這樣做。Since no one is against it, lets carry out the plan. 既然沒(méi)有人反對(duì)，我們就執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃吧。2)as語(yǔ)氣最弱，其原因只是對(duì)結(jié)果的附帶說(shuō)明，一般放在句首。As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word“cough”.因?yàn)樗麑?duì)英語(yǔ)懂得不多，所以拿出字典查找“cough”這個(gè)詞。As he wasnt ready in time, w

23、e went without him.由于他沒(méi)有及時(shí)做好準(zhǔn)備，我們沒(méi)等他就走了。3)now that用來(lái)說(shuō)明一種新情況，然后加以推論，位于句首時(shí)that可省略。Now (that) everybody is here, lets begin. 既然每個(gè)人都在，那我們開(kāi)始吧。3. for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句for也可以表示原因，屬并列連詞，不是說(shuō)明主要原因，而是對(duì)某種情況加以推斷，用于表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由，不能位于句首。He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定是病了，因?yàn)樗裉鞗](méi)來(lái)。The days are short, for it is now Dec

24、ember. 白天短了，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)是十二月了。4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句的省略原因狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以省略，用分詞形式表示，但主句和從句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該一致。As the little boy was blind, he couldnt see anything.=Being blind, the little boy couldnt see anything.那個(gè)小男孩瞎了，什么東西也看不見(jiàn)。四、目的狀語(yǔ)從句1.引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的詞或詞組有：so that（為了，以便）, so(以便), in order that（為了）, in case（以防，假使）, for fear that（以防）, lest（以免）等

25、，謂語(yǔ)常含may, might, can, could, will, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better. 我們要坐得靠近一點(diǎn)，這樣能聽(tīng)得更清楚些。He studied hard so that he might succeed. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)，以便成功。Betty got up early in order that she might catch the train. 貝蒂起得早，以便能趕上火車(chē)。Take your raincoat in case it rains. 帶上你的雨衣，以防下雨。Be quiet

26、in case you (should) wake the baby. 輕點(diǎn)兒，免得弄醒孩子。2.當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可用so as to, in order to。He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock.He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.他快跑以便在十點(diǎn)之前到達(dá)那里。He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.He worked day and night in or

27、der to succeed.他日夜工作想要獲得成功。3.in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句表示“以防，以免”，從句中的動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣或（should）+v。Take your raincoat in case it rains. 帶上你的雨衣，以防下雨。He left early in case he (should) miss the train. 他離開(kāi)的非常早，以免錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)。4.lest引導(dǎo)的從句中須用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，表虛擬語(yǔ)氣。I shall write it down lest I should forget. 我要把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)，以免忘了。五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句1.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

28、從句的詞或詞組有：so(因此), so that（因此）, sothat（如此以至于）, suchthat（如此以至于）。Mr Smith had overslept so he was late for work. 史密斯先生睡過(guò)了，因此上班遲到了。The bus broke down, so that we had to walk. 公共汽車(chē)拋錨了，因此我們必須步行。The stone is so heavy that nobody can move it. 這塊石頭非常重，沒(méi)有人能搬動(dòng)它。She is such a nice girl that we all like her. 她是一個(gè)

29、如此好的女孩，我們都喜歡她。2.so that和such that的區(qū)別so為副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞或形容詞，不能修飾名詞；such是形容詞，修飾名詞。1)so + adj./adv. + that從句。The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.這個(gè)箱子太重，以至于我搬不動(dòng)。He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him. 他跑得是如此的快以致于我趕不上他。2)so + adj. + a/an +名詞單數(shù)+that從句。She is so beautiful a girl that we all like h

30、er. 她是一位如此美麗的女孩，以致于我們都喜歡她。3)so + adj.(many/few/much/little) + n.(復(fù)/不可數(shù))+ that從句。There are so many people in the room that I cant get in. 房間里有如此多的人，以致于我進(jìn)不去。There is so little water that you cant drink it. 沒(méi)有水了，所以你不能喝了。4)such+n.+that從句He is such a man that we all like him. 他是這樣的一個(gè)人，以致于我們都喜歡他。They are

31、such students that all the teachers like them. 他們是這樣的學(xué)生，以致于所有的老師都喜歡他們。He has made such progress that his parents was happy with him. 他取得如此的進(jìn)步，以致于他的父母對(duì)他很滿(mǎn)意。5)such + a/an + adj. +名詞單數(shù)+that從句She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her. 她是一位如此美麗的女孩，以致于我們都喜歡她。6)such+adj.+n.(復(fù)/不可數(shù))+that從句There are s

32、uch lovely children that we all like them. 有如此可愛(ài)的孩子們，以致于我們大家都喜歡他們。There is such dirty water in the river that no one dares to swim in it. 河里面的水是如此的臟，以致于沒(méi)人敢游泳。注意：little譯作“小”時(shí)，用such。He is such a little boy that he cant go to school alone.他是如此小的孩子，以致于他不能獨(dú)自去上學(xué)。六、條件狀語(yǔ)從句1.引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)的詞或詞組有：if(如果，假如)，unless(除非，

33、如果不)，so long as(只要)，as long as(如果，萬(wàn)一)，if only(只要)，provided/providing(that)(假如)，suppose/supposing(that)(假如)等。If it is fine next Sunday, we shall have a spring outing. 如果下星期日天氣好，我們就去春游。If I had enough money, I would buy the car.如果我有足夠的錢(qián)，我就買(mǎi)汽車(chē)了。You will not pass the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否

34、則你將不能通過(guò)考試。I will go there so long as he invites me.只要他邀請(qǐng)，我就去那里。Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.你帶把傘，以防下雨。Provided/providing (that ) it rains tomorrow, we wont go there. 如果明天下雨，我們就不去那兒。2. 祈使句/名詞短語(yǔ)+and/then+陳述句 （and, then表示順承關(guān)系）祈使句/名詞短語(yǔ) +or/or else/otherwise+陳述句 （or等表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)

35、從句。Use your head, and you will find a way. 動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋，你就會(huì)想出辦法來(lái)的。(=If you use your head, you will find a way.)One more step further, and I will beat you flat. 再往前走一步，我將把你揍扁。(=If you walk one more step further, I will beat you flat.)Hurry up, or you will be late. 快點(diǎn)，否則你會(huì)遲到的。(=If you dont hurry up, you will

36、be late.)Ten minutes earlier, or you will miss the train. 早動(dòng)身十分鐘，否則你會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)的。(=If you dont start ten minutes earlier, you will miss the train.)3.if only也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。If only it clears up , well go. 如果天放晴，我們就走。If only you had worked with greater care! 你要是更仔細(xì)一些該多好！4.“if + 否定句”相當(dāng)于“notunless + 肯定句”。You cant

37、 enter the hall if you have no ticket.=You cant enter the hall unless you have a ticket. 你要有門(mén)票才能進(jìn)大廳。Dont come if I dont call you.=Dont come unless I call you. 我叫你你才能進(jìn)來(lái)。5.同時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一樣，條件狀語(yǔ)從句如果表示將來(lái)時(shí)間，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。I will go if you go. 如果你去，我也去。I wont wait for him unless he rings me tomorrow.除非他明天給我打電話(huà)，否

38、則我不會(huì)等他。6.如果從句由if引導(dǎo)，又有連系動(dòng)詞be，條件狀語(yǔ)從句可用省略形式。Come tomorrow if possible. 可能的話(huà)就明天來(lái)吧。If so , you must go back and get it. 如果這樣的話(huà)，你必須回去把它拿來(lái)。Ill buy a TV set if necessary. 如果有必要，我就買(mǎi)一臺(tái)電視機(jī)。He has no money. If any, he will give us. 他沒(méi)有錢(qián)，如果有，他會(huì)給我們的。類(lèi)似：if necessary(如果有必要); if any(如果有); if in need(如果需要)。7.條件句中的虛擬與

39、倒裝if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句如果與事實(shí)不符，應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were),"而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would(shoud,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。 If I were you , I should study English. 如果我是你的話(huà)，我就努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。If he had time, he would attend the meeting. 如果他有時(shí)間的話(huà)，他會(huì)來(lái)參加會(huì)議的。2)表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"had+過(guò)去分詞"，主句中的謂語(yǔ)

40、動(dòng)詞用"would (should, could, might)+have+過(guò)去分詞"。If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination. 如果你采納了我的建議，考試你就不會(huì)不及格的。3)表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式/were to/should+動(dòng)詞原形",而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would(should, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形。If you came tomorrow, we would have the mee

41、ting. 如果你明天來(lái)，我們就舉行會(huì)議。If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，會(huì)議將被推遲。If you should go there tomorrow, you would see him. 如果你明天去那兒，你將見(jiàn)到他。4)省去if的虛擬條件從句：如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were, had,或should,可以把if省去，而把were, had或should移到主語(yǔ)前面，以倒裝形式表示虛擬條件從句。Were I you, I would do the same. 如果我是你，我也會(huì)這么做。Ha

42、d you come yesterday, you would have met him. 如果你昨天來(lái)了，你會(huì)見(jiàn)到他的。Should you come tomorrow, you would see her. 如果你明天來(lái)的話(huà)，你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到他。七、方式狀語(yǔ)從句1.引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的詞或詞組有：as(像一樣，依照)；just asso(像那樣，正如)；as if/as though(好像，似乎)。Do as you like. 你喜歡怎么做，就怎么做。He spoke as if he had been there before. 他說(shuō)起話(huà)來(lái)，像是曾經(jīng)到過(guò)那里似的。Just as water i

43、s to fish, so air is to man. 空氣對(duì)于人，正如水對(duì)于魚(yú)一樣。The child talks as if he were a man. 那孩子說(shuō)起話(huà)來(lái)像個(gè)大人似的。Ill do as I am told to. 叫我怎么做，我就怎么做。2.as if/though引導(dǎo)的從句與事實(shí)相反，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；與事實(shí)相符，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。I remember it as if it were yesterday. 我記住這件事，仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的。The man walked as if he were drunk. 那人走起路來(lái)好像喝醉了酒。Our teacher treats us

44、as though we were her children.我們的老師對(duì)待我們好像我們是她的孩子.3.方式狀語(yǔ)從句也可省略。The girl stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.那女孩站在門(mén)口好像在等某人。The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though (she was) angry.這位女教師匆忙離開(kāi)教室，好像生氣了。Kate seemed as if (she was) good at dancing. 凱特看起來(lái)很會(huì)跳舞。八、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

45、有連詞though, although, as,（雖然，盡管）even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who(what, which, when, where, how),whether, while(盡管)等引導(dǎo)。1.though, although這兩個(gè)連詞用法基本一樣，只是前者口語(yǔ)化，后者較正式，常位于句首，都不與but連用，但可以與yet, still連用。Although the TV set is very dear, I still bou

46、ght it. 盡管這臺(tái)電視非常貴，我仍然要買(mǎi)。Though/Although he was worn out, he kept on working. 盡管他已筋疲力盡，仍然繼續(xù)工作。2.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句部分用倒裝語(yǔ)序。句型為：形容詞/副詞/名詞（不帶冠詞）/動(dòng)詞+ as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Young as he is, he knows a lot. 他雖然小，但他懂得很多。Much as I love it, I will not buy it. 盡管我非常喜歡它，但我不想買(mǎi)下它。Child as he is, the boy knows a lot. 盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。T

47、ry as I might, I couldnt lift the stone. 盡管我試了，我還是搬不動(dòng)石頭。注意：在這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可以用though，但不用although。Bravely though the players fought, they had no chance of winning.盡管運(yùn)動(dòng)員們都非常的英勇，他們依舊沒(méi)有贏(yíng)的機(jī)會(huì)。3.even if, even though這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞意義相同，常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念，會(huì)有退一步想的意思（有時(shí)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣）。Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣

48、很糟，我們也要去旅游。Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)即使我在你的位置，我也不會(huì)接受這份工作。4.whetheror可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你信不信，這都是真的。5.“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”相當(dāng)于“疑問(wèn)句+ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)的有：no matter whom=whomever no matter who=whoeverno matter what=whatev

49、er no matter which=whicheverno matter where=wherever no matter how=howeverno matter when=wheneverWhichever/No matter which book you borrow, you must return it in a week.你無(wú)論借哪本書(shū)，都必須在一周內(nèi)歸還。Whichever/No matter when you come back, dont wake me up.不管你什么時(shí)候回來(lái)，都不要吵醒我。He carries a book in his pocket, whereve

50、r/no matter where he goes.他不管去哪里，口袋里都帶著一本書(shū)。He can go however/no matter how he likes.他愛(ài)怎么去就怎么去好了。No matter what happened, he shouldnt mind.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事，他都不會(huì)在意。Its nice room no matter who/whoever it belongs to.不論這間房子屬于誰(shuí)，都非常好。“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”與“wh-+ever”:6.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。No matter who he is, he will be

51、punished. 不論他是誰(shuí)，他都將受到懲罰。7.用了引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞后，不能同時(shí)用并列連詞but，但可以用still，yet等副詞來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Though he was tired, yet/still he went on working. 他雖然疲勞，但仍繼續(xù)工作。8.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt. 天氣雖然很冷，他還穿一件襯衫。The man, while (he is) well over eighty, can walk faster than I.這人雖然年過(guò)八十，卻比我走得快。Whethe

52、r well or sick, she always keeps calm.她無(wú)論身體好還是生病，總是一聲不響。No matter how difficult (it may be), we are determined to carry the research to the end.不管有多困難，我們決心把研究進(jìn)行到底。九、比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用的從屬連詞為asas(和一樣)，not as/soas(和不一樣),than(比)，the morethe more(越越)，而且這類(lèi)從句通常以省略形式出現(xiàn)。She studies harder than I (study). 她學(xué)習(xí)比我認(rèn)真

53、。He looks younger than he is. 他看上去比實(shí)際年齡要年輕。The more you read, the more knowledge you can get. 你看的書(shū)越多，你的知識(shí)越豐富。He is as old as I. 他同我一樣大。練習(xí) A）  基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練：常見(jiàn)易混狀語(yǔ)從句（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、目的、比較等）對(duì)比辨析1. a) _ he heard this, he got very angry. b)I met Lucy _ I was walking along the river. c) _ a child, he lived in

54、 the country.A. When B. While C. As D. When/While/As2. a)We were about to leave _ it began to rain. b)She thought I was talking about her son, _ , in fact, I was talking about my son. c)Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang.A. when B. while C. as D. during3. a)Child _ she is, she know

55、s a lot. b)He did the experiment _ he was told.A. during B. as C. so D. though4. a)He would have a book at the bookstores _ he went to town. b)We decide to finish the work on time, _ happens. c)If we work with a strong will, we can overcome my difficulty, _ great it is. d)Ill give the book to _ likes English.A. whenever B. whoever C. whatever D. however5. a)It will be years _ we meet again. b)Its ten years _ I came to this town.c)Its ten years ago _ I came to this town.A. when B. that C. before D. since6. a) _ it rains, the game will be played on time. b) _