被動語態(tài)語法及例題

1、英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)一、什么是被動語態(tài)？英語中時態(tài)很多，但語態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動語態(tài)和被 動語態(tài)。所謂被動語態(tài)”相當(dāng)于中文中常說的 被” 由 的句式，如：他的自行車被偷了。 ” 這座樓房是由他們建造的。二、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)那么，英語中被動語態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成的呢？請看下面的例句 （注意劃線部分）：His bicycle was stole n.The building has been built in 2000.通過上面的例句，可以看出，被動語態(tài)”的構(gòu)成是：be +過去分詞+ （by+動作執(zhí)行者）三、被動語態(tài)的運用什么情況下要用被動語態(tài)呢？ 一般地說，有下面幾種情況：（1）不知道誰是動作的

2、執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。例如：Paper is made from wood.（紙是由木材生產(chǎn)出來的。）The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.（這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。）He was wounded in the fight.（他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。）Electricity is used to run machines.（電是用來開動機(jī)器的。）（2）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的對象時。例如：Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.（計算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。）Books and n ewspaper

3、s in the read ing room must nt be take n away. （閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準(zhǔn)帶走。）He was awarded first prize in that con test.（他在比賽中獲得了第一。）（3）為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提到是誰做的這件事。例如：The con structi on of the new lab must be completed by the end of n ext mo nth.（新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。）四、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例一般地講，被動語態(tài)可用于英語的各種時態(tài)。為了能準(zhǔn)確地運 用被動語態(tài)，重點是要掌握 be動詞

4、的各種時態(tài)變化。各種時態(tài)的被 動語態(tài)舉例如下：1、一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài).am / is / are +動詞的過去分詞Our classroom is clea ned every day.This car is made in Chi na.2、一般過去式的被動語態(tài)：was / were +動詞的過去分詞His desk was clea ned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)：am / is / are + being +動詞的過去分詞A new factory is being built in our city no

5、w.Some trees are being cut dow n in the park.4、過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)：was / were + being +動詞的過去分詞A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Che n last year.5、一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：(A) will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞(B) am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.Some new factor

6、ies will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be men ded in an hour.6、過去將來時的被動語態(tài)：(1).would / should + be +動詞的過去 分詞(2).was / were +going to be +動詞的過去分詞.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be men ded after an hour.7、

7、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):have / has + been +動詞的過去分詞Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has bee n men ded already.&過去完成時的被動語態(tài):had + been +動詞的過去分詞He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didn ' t know that my watch had been mended .9、含情態(tài)動詞的被動式：can/ma

8、y/must + be + done例如： He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.五、如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)1、從句子意義上說，就是重新找出 什么事物”是被完成”的例1.主動語態(tài)：人們說英語。People speak En glish in many coun tries.被動語態(tài)：英語被說。En glish is spoke n in many coun tries.例2.主動語態(tài)：我們造這座橋。We built this bridge last year.被動語態(tài)：這座橋被建造。This bridge was built last

9、 year.2、從語法的角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語例1.主動語態(tài)：小王邀請你（賓語）Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunchparty.被動語態(tài)：你（賓語）被邀請。 You has been invited to a lunch partyby Xiao Wang.例2.主動語態(tài)：你不準(zhǔn)帶走雜志（賓語）You must not take thesemagaz ines out of the readi ng-room.被動語態(tài)：雜志（賓語）不準(zhǔn)被帶走.These magazines must not be take n out of the readi ng r

10、oom.例3.主動語態(tài)：他們授給他（賓語）一枚獎?wù)拢ㄙe語）.They gave him a medal for his won derful work.被動語態(tài)：他（賓語）被授予一枚獎?wù)?He was given a medal for his won derful work.被動語態(tài)：一枚獎?wù)拢ㄙe語）被授給了他.A medal was given to him for his won derful work.六、練習(xí)1. We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meet ing.（提示）the problem -be - discuss2

11、. Has an ybody fed the birds?（提示）Has an ybody - be - feed3. People will n ever forget the accide nt.（提示）the accide nt - will be - forget4. They are repairi ng the car in the garage.（提示）the car - be being - repair5.Someone must have turned on the light without your notice.（提示）the light - must have -

12、be - tur n on6.They have found ways to make waste water clea n.7.Some one must take care of the childre n whe n we go out.8. They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.9. You may write this letter in pencil.10. They gave him a medal for his won derful work.被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)ABCA .熟記結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為 助動詞be+及物動詞的

13、過去分詞（p. p）”。被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過 be的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語保持一致。其具體變化為：般現(xiàn)在時：am/ is/are+ p . p .一般過去時：was/ were + p . p .般將來時：shall / will be + p . p .現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has bee n + p . p .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/ is/are+ being+ p . p .過去將來時：should / would be + p . p .含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞+be+ p. p.例如: Chineseby the largest number of peo

14、pleA. speakB. is speakingC. speaksD. is spoken（選D?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)） The boyto get supper ready after schoolA. were toldB. is tellingC. was toldD. tells（選C?？疾橐话氵^去時的被動語態(tài)） A lot of new roadsbuilt in the west of China.A . mustB . must beC. hasD. have（選B?？疾楹閼B(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)）B .明確用法被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：1. 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必

15、要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者；2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。例如：這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。The treeby that boy（填 was broken）C.熟練轉(zhuǎn)換1. 將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法為： 將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語； 謂語動詞變?yōu)椤?be及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表 達(dá)出不同的時態(tài)； 主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~ by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結(jié)構(gòu) 中的謂語動詞之后。（有時by短語可以省略）。2. 被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句是 在第一個助動詞后加n ot;特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞+ 般疑問 句。例如： You must throw the

16、 broken pottery away at onceThe broken potteryat once （同義句）（填 m ust be thrown away Where did they grow vegetable?（改為被動語態(tài)）Wherevegetables? （填 were; grown）D .注意特例將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個特殊情況：1. 含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，有兩種方法： 將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變； 將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。例如： He told us a story.（變被動語態(tài)）We were told a st

17、ory （by him）.或： A story was told to us by him. Her mother gave her a new pen （變被動語態(tài)）A new penher by her mother（填 was given to）2. 短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一 個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如： This dictio nary must n'tfrom the library.A. take awayB. taken awayC. are taken awayD. be taken away:D1 She will take

18、 good care of the children （變被動語態(tài)）The children will(by her).(填 be taken good care o)3. 含有復(fù)合賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補(bǔ)足語就成為主語補(bǔ)足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時，不定式符號to必須補(bǔ)上。例如：Some one saw him swim in Qia nli ng Lake yesterday (變被動Heswim in Qia nling Lake yesterday(填 was seen to4. 不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為 “to be+過

19、去分詞” 例如：The radio says a wild ani mal zoo is toin our cityA. be buildingB. buildC . be builtD . built:C5. 以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時要注意詞序：應(yīng)將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如：Who has broke n the cu?(改為被動語態(tài))By whom has the cup bee n brokenE .注意區(qū)別被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：1）含義不同：被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較：The wi ndow is broke n.窗子破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The wi ndow is broke n by him .窗子被他打破了。（被動語態(tài)）2） 用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被 so, very, too等程度副詞 修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用 so, very, too修飾，而需用much, very much, so much, too much修飾。試比較：He was very interested in scienee他對科學(xué)有極大興趣。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）I was so much surprise