非謂語動詞一覽表

1、非謂語動詞一覽表一、非謂語動詞的三種基本形式的含義to do：表示要做或去做，表個別行為，表目的；doing：做了，經常做，用來做，或一般行為（動名詞）。表主動含義“正在做”，形容詞化翻譯成“令人的”（現(xiàn)在分詞）；done：表示被動含義“被做”或“已做”“已被做”，形容詞化后翻譯成“(某人)感到的”或“被的”或“已的”（表語、定語、狀語）。（先記住三種非謂語動詞的基本含義，在以下的講解中就能慢慢領會貫通。）動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別主要是：1. 動名詞充當主語，賓語，和同位語?，F(xiàn)在分詞充當狀語和補語。兩者都可以做定語，但是意義不同。作定語時，動名詞說明被修飾的名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞說明名詞的動作，即

2、它和名詞在邏輯上有主謂關系。 a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一節(jié)臥車車廂，即一個用于睡覺的車 （sleeping為動名詞表用途 ） a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一個睡著的孩子，即一個正在睡覺的孩子 （sleeping為現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進行的動作 ）注意： 做定語時，動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的讀音不同。（a sleeping car），（a sleeping child）。2.動名詞具有名詞的性質?，F(xiàn)在分詞則沒有。動名詞和名詞一樣有a, the, my, this, Toms, the, some, mu

3、ch, a lot of等詞語修飾：I usually do some cleaning on Sunday. 我通常在周日打掃衛(wèi)生。Do you do much fishing? 你常常釣魚嗎？He showed me a picture of his own painting. 他拿出來他自己繪畫的一張照片給我看。A knocking at the door was heard. 一陣敲門聲被聽到了。動名詞和名詞一樣有所有格、復數(shù)形式：He enjoys reading for readings sake, not for scholarship. 他喜歡閱讀是因為閱讀的好處，而不是因為獎

4、學金。He is so busy that I cant keep track of all his comings and goings. 他是如此的繁忙以至于我無法弄清楚他的來來去去。二、非謂語動詞的各種變形一般式完成式進行式to to主動語態(tài)to doto have doneto be doing被動語態(tài)to be doneto have been donedoing主動語態(tài)doinghaving done被動語態(tài)being donehaving been donedone被動語態(tài)done（初中階段一般式為重點。請漠視to be doing和 to have been done。 而to

5、 have done, having been done和being done只做了解。）三、非謂語動詞的邏輯主語1. 如果to do的邏輯駐足于就是句子的主語或者賓語，正常使用主格和賓格。如果不是，則寫成for/of sb to do。She wants you to call him later.她讓我之后給他打電話。如果形容詞修飾人，則用of sb，如果形容詞修飾to do這件事，則用for sb。如，Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 對孩子們來說，穿過繁忙的街道很危險。Its difficult for

6、us to finish the work. 對我們來說，完成這項工作很困難。形容詞描述人的品質、性格、感情或者態(tài)度，用of sb，形容詞和sb有主表關系。用于此句型的形容詞主要有：clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite, selfish, silly, right, wrong, thoughtful, wise, generous, rude, brave，careless，patient等，如，Its brave of him to save the child from the fire. 從大火中救出這個孩子，他真勇敢。Its foolis

7、h of her to say so. 這么說話他真愚蠢。2. 如果doing的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，正常使用主格。如果不是則在doing前加上形容詞性物主代詞或s所有格：my/Toms doing，如果邏輯主語是句子的賓語既可使用賓格也可以使用my/Toms doing。I have finished reading the book. 我已經讀完了這本書。Would you mind me/my/Toms opening the window？你介意我/我/Tom開窗嗎？四、非謂語動詞的否定形式在非謂語動詞前直接加not或never. 即 not / never to do, not /

8、 never doing。當前面有邏輯主語時，not或者never放在邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間。如：Not swimming in the river in summer is good for you. 在夏天不在河里游泳對你有好處。He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子們不要在街上玩耍。He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time. 他因沒能按時到來而道歉。Im surprised at your not having noticed. 我對你沒有注意到感到驚奇

9、。五、非謂語動詞在句子中區(qū)別doing和to do 做主語和表語的區(qū)別Reading books is her hobby. 讀書是她的愛好。（經常性行為用doing，不能用to do。相當于名詞，做主語）Her hobby is reading books. 他的愛好是讀書。（相當于名詞做表語）He is an interesting boy. 他是一個有趣的男孩。(doing形容詞化，相當于形容詞做定語)有時也用it代替：It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。 It is a great fun playing fo

10、otball打籃球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain設法解釋是浪費時間。 It is useless speaking.光說沒用。 It is nice seeing you again真高興又遇到了你。 It is good playing chess after supper晚飯后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car開這種小車是浪費。My dream is to be a teacher. 我的夢想是當一名老師。（將來的行為用to do，不能用doing，做表語）To be a teacher i

11、s my dream. 當一名老師是我的夢想。（做主語）It is my dream to be a teacher. 當一名老師是我的夢想。（做主語，it在形式上是主語，所以叫形式主語，真正的主語是后邊的to do）Its very kind of you to help me. 幫住我，你真好。Its clever of you to work out the math problem.你真聰明，解出了這道數(shù)學題。注意區(qū)分：Its not easy being your age. 在你這么大不容易。(在你這么大年紀，是一個事實，用doing表經常做、做了)Its not easy to w

12、ork out the math problem. 作出這道數(shù)學題不容易。（做出這道數(shù)學題是將來的事，用to do表沒做、要做、去做）done做表語The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(構成被動語態(tài)，強調被動動作)The library is now closed. 圖書館關門了。(過去分詞形容詞化，系表結構，表狀態(tài))【注意】些動詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten, excite, amaze, 等很多doing和done形式已經形容詞化。doing翻譯

13、成“令人（感到）的”，done翻譯成“（某人）感到的”。不存在doing的主語必須是某物的說法。The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 這本書很有趣，我對它很感興趣。He is an interesting boy. 他是一個令人感興趣的男孩，即他是一個有意思的男孩。He is so boring. 他是如此的令人感到厭煩，即他是如此的煩人。to do和doing做定語的區(qū)別：to do作后置定語1）I have no time to play sports. 我沒有做做運動的時間，即我沒有時間做運動。（要做的事用to do）

14、2）Id like ave something to eat 我想要吃的東西。（要做的事用to do）3）Its my first time to visit the museum. 那是我參觀這個博物館的第一次，即那是我第一次參觀博物館。（個別行為用 to do）doing做定語He may be in the reading room. 他可能在閱覽室里。(動名詞表用途)China is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。（現(xiàn)在分詞表進行含義或主動含義）The woman sitting behind me is my mom. 坐在我后邊的女人是我的媽媽。

15、(主動含義=The woman who sits behind me is my mom.)Who is the woman talking to our English teacher？（主動含義和進行含義=Who is the woman that is talking to our English teacher?）正在和我們英語老師談話的那位婦女是誰？done做定語作定語的過去分詞相當于形容詞,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞.及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。Polluted air and water are harmful to peo

16、ples health.被污染的空氣和水對人們的身體健康有害。Is this the book bought by the teacher? 這是老師買的書嗎？doing作定語和done做定語的區(qū)別：不定式作定語時，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系，表將要的動作或者個別動作。doing則表主動含義或者進行含義。done表被動動作或者完成的動作。 在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞表示被動意義。There are many newspapers sold on the train. 在火車上有許多報紙被賣There are many people plan

17、ting trees on the mountain. 在山上有許多人正在植樹。the surprising news令人驚訝的消息a surprised man 一個感到驚訝的人在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，過去分詞表示已經完成的動作。the developing country 發(fā)展中國家the developed country發(fā)達國家the rising sun正在升起的太陽the risen sun 升起來的太陽boiling water 正在沸騰的水，即沸水boiled water 沸騰過了的水，即涼白開fallen leaves 已經落下的葉子，即落葉falling le

18、aves 正在落下的葉子to do做賓語特殊結構：動詞+疑問詞+不定式， 相當于一個從句.1） I dont know what to do.(=I dont know what I should do.) 我不知道要做什么.2) I wonder where to go. (= I wonder I should go.)我不知道要去哪里。3) I dont know when to have the meeting. (= I dont know when we shall have the meeting.)我不知道什么時候開會。4) I want you to tell you how

19、 to do it. (I want you to tell you how you will do it.) 我想知道如何做這件事情。doing做動詞或者介詞的賓語be used for doing 被用于做某事keep on doing 繼續(xù)做某事be fond of doing喜愛做某事succeed in doing.在做某事方面成功，即成功做某事thanks for doing因為（你）做某事而謝謝你be good at doing sth. 擅長于做某事do well in doing sth.擅長于做某事be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事（做過的或者一般行為

20、）但，be afraid to do 害怕去做某事（將要做的或者個別行為）be interested in doing sth. 對做某事感興趣instead of doing 而不（是）做某事注意，以下詞組中的to是介詞，不是動詞不定時的小品詞to：look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth與相比較更喜歡； pay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.習慣于做某事；make a contribution to為做貢獻devote sb.to doi

21、ng sth. 獻身于. be/get used to doing習慣于做. pay attention to doing sth. 注意。/ 重視。prefer doing sth （to doing）更喜歡做某事。但prefer to do rather than doneed doing sth. (=need to be done) 需要做某事mean doing sth. 意味著做某事go fishing/camping/boating 去釣魚/去野營/去劃船do some/the cleaning/cooking/shopping/washing/washing-up/finish

22、 doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事；practice doing sth. 練習做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；consider doing sth.考慮做某事；suggest doing sth.建議做某事； mind doing sth.介意做某事； bear/stand doing 忍受做某事 keep doing sth.持續(xù)做某事give up doing sth.放棄做某事put off doing推遲做某事miss doing錯過做某事avoid doing避免做某事suggest doing 建議做某事，但sugges

23、t/advise sb to do建議某人做某事admit doing承認做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事，但，cant help to do housework不能幫忙做家務allow doing sth. 允許做某事。但，allow sb to do 允許某人做某事feel like doing sth.喜歡做某事； be busy doing sth.忙于做某事； be worth doing 值得做某事；spend/waste time/money (in) doing sth.花費/浪費時間（金錢）做某事have difficulty/trouble/problem

24、s (in) doing sth做某事有困難； have fun doing/have a good time doing做某事高興have a hard/difficult time doing 做某事做得很艱難/過得很不好有些動詞或詞組后接doing或to do均可，但意義差別很大。go on doing 繼續(xù)做某事（繼續(xù)剛才的事情）go on to do 繼續(xù)去做另一件事continue doing 繼續(xù)做某事（繼續(xù)剛才的事情）continue to do繼續(xù)去做另一件事如，After a short rest, he went on doing his homework. 短暫休息之后

25、，他繼續(xù)做作業(yè)。After he finished his homework, he went on to read a newspaper. 在他完成作業(yè)之后，他繼續(xù)去讀報紙。like doing sth 喜歡做某事（經常行為，或者做了已是事實的行為）like to do sth. 喜歡去做某事(個別行為，或將來的行為)如，I like swimming. 我喜歡游泳。（經常行為）I dont like to go to the park. 我不喜歡去這個公園。（個別行為）I like being a teacher. 我喜歡當老師。（做了已是事實，即說話人是老師）I like to be

26、a teacher in the future. 我喜歡將來當老師。（沒做要做，即說話人不是老師。）stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）stop to do sth. 停下來去去做另一件事如，When the teacher came in, all the students stopped talking. 當老師進來時，所有的學生都停止了說話，When the teacher came in, all the students stopped to talk with her.當老師進來時，所有的學生都停下來去跟她說話。try doing sth. 嘗試做某事tr

27、y to do盡力去做某事如，He tried speaking English to us.他試著用英語和我們談話。Please try doing it in another way. 請用另一種方式嘗試做一下這件事。Please try to do better next time.下次盡力做得更好些。Ill try to finish the task in two days. 我將盡力在兩天內完成這個任務。regret doing sth . 后悔做某事（為已經做過的事而感到）regret to do 遺憾要做某事（此事沒做）remember doing 記得做過某事remember

28、 to do 記得要去做某事forget doing 忘記做了某事forget to do 忘記要去做某事如，I remember meeting you somewhere in Changchun. 我記得在長春某處見過你。（meet這件事已做）I remember turning off the lights. Why are they still on? 我記得關了燈，為什么它們還開著？Remember to bring you son here tomorrow. 記得明天帶你兒子過來。（bring這件事沒做）The light in the office is stil on. H

29、e forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關了。He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經關了燈了。動詞不定式作賓語補足語doing做補語有正在做之意，to do做補語有去做之意，My mom wants me to eat more vegetables. 我媽媽想要我吃更多的蔬菜。He kept me waiting for a long time. 他一直讓我等了很長時間。在主動語態(tài)中，感官動詞(see, hear, feel, watch等)和使役動詞(make, have, let)要求接不帶to的不定式做賓語補足語

30、，而在被動語態(tài)里，不定式要帶上to。但是在被動語態(tài)中需要把to拿出來。如，The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day.這個老板經常強迫這些工作一天工作10小時。The workers were made to work 10 hours a day. 這些工人被強迫一天工作10個小時。I saw him enter the room yesterday. 我昨天看見他進了這個屋子。He was seen to enter the room yesterday. 昨天他被看到進了這個屋子。接doing時，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)則正常。I s

31、aw him playing on the playground at that time. 在那時我看見他正在操場上玩。He was seen playing on the playground at that time. 在那時他被看到正在操場上玩。究竟感官動詞加doing還是加to do根據(jù)意思判斷即可。有時只能用其一，有時都可以用但是意思不同。如果有提示具體時刻的詞匯如at 6:00, at this time yesterday, at that time, when sb did something, look, listen, Dont do sth. (同進行時的時間標志)則用

32、doing。如，I saw him playing with his classmates when I passed by.當我路過時，我看到他正在和他的同學們玩。（表正在做某事，強調那一時刻的動作）I heard him playing the piano at this time yesterday. 昨天這個時候我聽到他正在彈鋼琴。如果有頻率詞usually, often, every day, never, three times a week等（同一般現(xiàn)在時的頻率詞）則用do.如，I often see him play on the playground. 我經?？吹剿诓賵錾贤?/p>

33、。（表做、做了、做過某事，強調整件事或者過程）He usually watches me do homework. 他通?？次易鲎鳂I(yè)。沒有標志詞的時候則通過翻譯。I saw him enter the room.我看到他進了房間。如果換成I saw him entering the room. 我看到他正在進入房間。則意思很奇怪。done作賓語補足語初中階段請掌握其中have,get,make的用法(一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下四類： 1 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞.如：see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等

34、。(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。(過去分詞sung的動作顯然先于謂語動作heard;)(2) He found his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。(過去分詞changed的動作顯然先于謂語動作found)2 表示"致使"意義的動詞.如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā)。(2) He got his tooth pulled out yeste

35、rday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。(4) My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的電腦有故障了，我必須讓人修好它。3 表示思維活動的動詞如consider，know，think等后。如：(1) I consider the matter settled. 我認為這件事解決了。(2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我認為自己在這場交易中又受愚弄了。4 表示愛憎,意

36、愿的動詞如want， wish， like， hate等后。如：(1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要預定兩張機票。(2) He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿這事被提起。(二)使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。1 過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。He had his money stolen.他的錢給偷了。(被別人偷去了)2 過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經歷.如： He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了。 (自己的經歷)doing, to do和done做補語的區(qū)別have sb.do sth，ha

37、ve sb.doing sth.和have sth. donehave sb.do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作，且強調動作已經完成或尚未發(fā)生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵們讓這個男孩背對他的父親站著。have sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)這個動作往往具有持續(xù)進行的含義。The two men had their lights burning all night

38、long. 那兩個人讓燈通宵亮著。have sth.done意為“讓某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.過去分詞(done)這個動作由他人(即非主語本身)來完成，含有被動意義且強調動作已經完成。The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司機每周叫人洗一次車。（have sth done字面意思是使某人被做，即讓別人去做某事。）動詞不定式作狀語to do 做原因狀語be +形容詞+不定式 表示原因，“因為而” 原因狀語1） be glad to do sth.因為做某事而高興2） be happy to do sth. 因為

39、做某事而高興3) be pleased to do sth. 因為做某事而高興4) be nice to do sth. 因為做某事而高興5) be sure to do sth.有把握去做某事 6） be sorry to do sth. 因為做某事而抱歉to do做目的狀語.1）work hard to do sth.努力工作為做某事2）We still have a long way to go. 我們還有很長的路要走。3）Its a wonderful place to live. 是一個居住的好地方。4）You must find a hance to go there. 你一定要找

40、機會去那里。5）People have to study and work hard to keep up with the quick development of modern society. 人們?yōu)榱粟s上現(xiàn)代社會的快速發(fā)展必須努力學習努力工作。6）People wear thick coats to do outdoor activities. 人們穿厚的衣服去做戶外運動。7）Do everything to protect the environment. 做所有的事情就是為了保護環(huán)境。doing做狀語伴隨狀語He came in singing a song. 他唱著歌走了進來。F

41、ollowing Tom, they started to climb.他們跟著湯姆往上爬。原因狀語，相當于原因狀語從句Not knowing the way, he couldnt go there.由于不知道路，他無法到那里去。Being excited, she couldnt go to sleep.因為激動她睡不著。時間狀語，相當于一個時間狀語從句Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.聽到這消息時我們高興得跳了起來。Turning around, he saw a tiger running up.他轉過身時看到一只老虎跑了過來。有時和when,

42、while, before, after等表示時間的連詞連用，我們可以理解成，連詞加句子連詞，加單詞和詞組則看成介詞，介詞的性質是加名詞代詞動名詞。They got engaged when traveling in Europe.他們在歐洲旅游時訂了婚。His fingers trembled while doing so.他這樣做時手指顫抖了一下。Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Jim當玩網球時傷了他的胳膊。Be careful when crossing the road. 當你過馬路時，請小心。done作狀語1 過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完

43、成的動作。(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好?！咀⒁狻縲ritten 為過去分詞作狀語，表示這篇文章是被寫的，而且已經被寫. 值得注意的是，有些過去分詞因來源于系表結構,作狀語時不表被動而表主動.這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有： lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (駐扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿著); tired of (厭煩)。(2) Lost / Abs

44、orbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因為沉溺于思考之中，所以他沒聽到那個聲音。2 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應注意人稱一致；(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再給我一個小時，我也能解這道題.(given 為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語 I,即 I 被再給一個小時。)(2)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.從山頂看城市，城市

45、顯得更漂亮。(seen 為過去分詞作狀語，表"被看",由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是"我們",因為"我們"應主動看城市。)3 過去分詞作狀語相當于狀語從句.(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因為淋了一場大雨，所以他全身濕透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞短語作原因狀語，它來源于原因狀語從句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds c

46、an grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。( grown in rich soil 為過去分詞作條件狀語,它來源于條件狀語從句 。If these seeds are grown in rich soil.4 過去分詞作狀語的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面有逗號與主句隔開；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗號與主句隔開。He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里，被感動得熱淚盈眶。動詞不定式的省略及其符號to的保留初中階段

47、，請掌握藍色字體部分。省略動詞不定式符號to后的動詞部分的情況 1.一些表示心理活動,情感態(tài)度的動詞或短語,如expect want hope wish love hate decide plan mean try would like be ready be afraid be glad等后,動詞不定式省略to后面的動詞部分,但保留to.例如: (1)-Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my dog? -Not at all .I'd be glad to. (2)-Will you go wit

48、h me? -Well, Id like to. (3)-Will you go home tomorrow? -No.I 'm going to a lecture, or at least I am planning to. 2.不定式作賓語補足語時,省略to后的動詞部分,即用to代替整個不定式.例如: (1)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him not to. (2)You'd better finish the job on time if he ordered

49、you to. 3.在一些情態(tài)動詞或助動詞ought to have to used to be able to后.例如: (1)-Must I go now? -No.You don 't have to. (2)-Are you planning to see your grandfather? -No.But I ought to. 省略動詞不定式符號to的情況 1.動詞不定式作感官動詞feel see notice watch find hear listen to observe和使役動詞have make let等的賓語補足語時,動詞不定式符號to省略.如果這些動詞用于被動

50、語態(tài),其后的動詞不定式符號to不能省略(但let除外).例如: (1)We often hear him sing the song at home. (=He is often heard to sing the song at home.) (2)The y knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood. (=They knew her very well. She was seen to grow up from childhood.) 注意: get作"使,讓,叫某人做某事"時,要用get

51、sb. to do s t h.結構.例如: Mother got Tom to buy a pack of sugar. 2.兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式由連詞and or than but連接時,從第二個不定式起,往往省略不定式符號to.但如果強調對比之意時不省略.例如: (1)Shed like to take off her coat and have a break. (2)The students are taught to read, write and do many other things. (3)I ts more difficult to do than to say.

52、(強調語意前后對比) (4)The teacher came not to punish you but to help you. (強調語意前后對比) (5)I wondered whether to study or to work. (強調語意前后對比) 3.不定式作表語,用來解釋主語或主語從句中do的精確含義時,可以省略動詞不定式符號to.例如: (1)The first things he did was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training. (2)What we want t

53、o do now is lie down and rest. (3)What a dictionary does is help the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words. 4.在why或why not引起的表示建議或責問的省略問句中.例如: (1)Why get so excited (2)Why quarrel with your mother (3)Why not join us, Tom 5.在一些類似情態(tài)動詞詞組had better would rather had best rather than

54、 can't but can't help but等之后.例如: (1)In China it is important to invest in education rather than increase personal wages. (2)Jack would rather read than talk. (3)You'd better put on more clothes, or you'll catch a bad cold. (4)She dares to go to the lonely island by herself.I cant but

55、 admire her bravery. 6.在美國口語中,用在祈使語氣中表示目的的動詞come go try run之后的動詞不定式符號to可省略,也可不省略.例如: (1)Come tell me if he arrives. (2)Go tell your mot her. (3)Run swim together. (4)Try open the door again. (5)Try to open the door again. (不省略語氣更強烈) 7.在一些固定短語中, make believe(假裝) make do(湊合,設法對付) let slip(說出) leave go

56、(放手) hear say(聽說) let pass(忽略) let be(別打擾).例如: (1)The teacher didnt let slip a word to us about the coming exam. (2)Ive heard say that Mary was about to come. (3)The boy made believe that he was reading when his father entered. (4)Let him be. (5)Dont leave go (of) the fish. 另外值得注意的幾種情況: 1.need作行為動詞時,后面接帶to的動詞不定式;當dare作情態(tài)動詞時,一般不用于肯定陳述句中;當dare作行為動詞時,其后既可接帶to的動詞不定式,也可接不帶to的動詞不定式.例如: (1)I dare to swim across the river. (2)He dares to say that to his father. (3)She doesnt dare (to) answer her teachers question. (4)We need to finish the job before lunch. 2.關于動詞help后接動詞不定式的問題:一般說來,h