高中英語同位語從句講解及練習47246

1、高中英語同位語從句講解及練習同位語從句講義及練習一、理解同位語從句的含義，把握同位語從句的實質(zhì)在主從復合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語從句和所修飾的

2、名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關系，對其內(nèi)容作進一步說明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們競賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學校。析：they had won the game說明The news的全部內(nèi)容，因此該句為同位語從句。二、正確運用同位語從句的引導詞，精確把握同位語從句1.猶如位語從句意義完整，應用that引導同位語從句。（即that 不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，不行省略）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cro

3、ss the river at once.將軍下達了戰(zhàn)士們馬上過河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部內(nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應用that引導同位語從句。2.猶如位語從句意義不完整，需增加是否的含義，應用whether引導同位語從句。（if不能引導同位語從句）例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將爭辯運動會是否會如期進行的問題。析：the sports meeting will be held

4、 on time意義不完整，應加是否的含義才能表達the problem的全部內(nèi)容，因此應用whether引導同位語從句。3.猶如位語從句意義不完整，需增加什么時候、什么地點、什么方式等含義，應用when, where, how等詞引導同位語從句。例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應加什么時候的含義才能表達idea的全部內(nèi)容，因此應用when引導同位語從句。例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意義不

5、完整，應加如何的含義才能表達impression的全部內(nèi)容，因此應用how引導同位語從句。4.當主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.三、把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)分，明確同位語從句和相像從句的界限同位語從句和定語從句相像，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明，是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語從句的引導詞均不在從句中作成分；定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關系，且名詞和定語從

6、句的引導詞均在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，假如句子通順且符合規(guī)律，則為同位語從句，反之，則為定語從句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false.由于the report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語從句。例1：1）Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitt

7、ed into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as析：答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容，且Information不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。應將該句區(qū)分于：2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put fo

8、rward.A. what B. that C. when D. as析：答案為B。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語，且information在從句中作主語，所以該句為定語從句。例2：She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A. it B. which C. this D. that析：答案為B。分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從句中作主語。應將該句區(qū)分于：I can

9、t stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A. it B. which C. this D. that析：答案為D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容，且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。鞏固性練習：1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A. that B. what C. why D. which2. The fact _ he was successful proves hi

10、s ability.A. hat B. what C. which D. why3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what B. that C. why D. when4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which B. that C./ D. it5. I have no idea _ he will start.A. when B. that C. what D./6. Ive come from the government

11、with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. which B. whether C. that D. what9. The nurses are trying their best t

12、o reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease.A. that B. as C. of which D. which10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where C. that D. whenKeys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA同位語從句和定語從句的三點區(qū)分同位語從句和定語從句很相像,但還是有區(qū)分的,區(qū)分主要在以下三方面:1. 從詞類上區(qū)分同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,h

13、ope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有肯定內(nèi)涵的名詞?而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞?代詞?主句的一部分或是整個主句?如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位語從句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語從句)Word

14、 came that he had been abroad. (同位語從句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊贏了,這讓我們很興奮?(定語從句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面?(定語從句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力掛念他的學習?(定語從句,代詞all作先行詞?)2. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)分定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬

15、于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進一步的說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊贏了那場競賽的消息是真的?(同位語從句,補充說明news到底是一個什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告知我的那個消息是真的?(定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我

16、許諾假如誰讓我自由,我就讓他格外富有?(同位語從句,補充說明promise到底是一個什么諾言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們興奮的許諾?(定語從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語?)3. 從引導詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)分有些引導詞如how, whether, what可以引導同位語從句,但不能引導定語從句?如:That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮?(同位語從句)I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事?(同位語從句)引導詞that引導定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時還可以用which代替),并且作賓語時經(jīng)常省略?that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用,不充當任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來代替?如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups