論《格列佛游記》的藝術(shù)特色

1、濱江學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文題 目 論格列佛游記中的藝術(shù)特色 學(xué)生姓名 許譯心 學(xué) 號 院 系 外語系專 業(yè) 英語（國際商務(wù)方向）指導(dǎo)教師 夏玉玲二一四 年 五 月 三十 日The Artistic Characteristics in Gulliver's Travels Xu YixinIn partial fulfillment of the requirementFor the B. A. degree Department of Foreign LanguagesBinjiang CollegeNanjing University of Information Science &

2、 TechnologyMay, 2014Contents1. Introduction21.1 Introduction about the author21.2 Summary of this novel22.Analysis of characterization.22.1 Summary of characterization.22.2 Characterization inLilliput32.3 Characterization in Brobdingnag.42.4 Characterization in Flying Island(Laputa).52.5 Characteriz

3、ation in Houyhnhnms.63. Analysis of writing skills.73.1The connotations and features of the novel.73.2 The use of irony.7 3.2.1 Verbal irony.7 3.2.2 Situational irony.83.3 The use of contrast 83.4 The use of symbolism.94. Analysis of practical significance.104.1Attack on social ills.104.2 The pursui

4、t of the ideal realm.104.3 Pointing out problems.115.Conclusion.11References12Acknowledge.13Artistic Characteristics in Gulliver's TravelsXu YixinDepartment of Foreign Languages,Binjiang CollegeNanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 210044 Abstract：Gulliver's Travels is a

5、masterpiece of Jonathan Swift, one of the greatest satirical writers in Britain in the 18th century. By describing the protagonist, Gulliver's four sailing experience of bizarre plot, the author reconstructed the European society of political, religious, scientific, and other aspects at that tim

6、e, and form the perspectives of rational human nature. This work reflects and satirizes the complex of human nature and deformity of the society. With its outstanding thought and artistic value, Swifts Gulliver's Travels is praised as the model for world satirical literature. The present thesis

7、discusses the artistic characteristics in Swifts Gulliver's Travels from different aspects, such as the figure description, the writing technique and the realistic meaning. From this thesis, we know about this novel deeply.Key words: Swift, Gulliver's Travels, satire, artistic characteristic

8、s摘要：格列佛游記是十八世紀(jì)英國偉大的諷刺作家斯威夫特的代表作。通過描寫主人公格列佛的四次航海經(jīng)歷的離奇的情節(jié)，重現(xiàn)了歐洲社會政治宗教科學(xué)等方面的情況，以理性的角度審視人性。作品體現(xiàn)了對人性的復(fù)雜、偽善及畸形社會形態(tài)的諷刺。本文從不同角度討論斯威夫特的著名小說格列佛游記的藝術(shù)特色，如人物描寫、寫作手法以及所揭露的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)等方面。通過本論文，我們可以深入了解這片小說。關(guān)鍵詞：斯威夫特，格列佛游記，諷刺，藝術(shù)特色1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction about the authorThe author of Gulliver's Travels is one o

9、f the greatest satirical writers in Britain in the 18th century. His article is famous for the penetrating insight and sharp satire. One of his articles, which exposed the acts of governments corruption and rose strong social attention. For fear of his fame, the queen and the minister expelled him f

10、rom London. Swift never gave up, and then devoted himself into the fight for independence and freedom of the Irish. Successively he published belligerence strong literary theory. There is no doubt that he is a soldier in the movement of the Irish national freedom, and his masterpiece, Gulliver's

11、 Travels, reflects his thought and spirit. 1.2 Summary of this novelIn the work, Gulliver led readers to have a wonderful trip, with rich imagination and strange ideas, makes people immersed in it. Through the description of the High-Heels and the Low-Heels in Lilliput, Swift alluded to the fight be

12、tween the Wing and Tory, two parties in the British court. The boring and ridiculous scientific research done by Raga academy of sciences satirized the pseudoscience of the UK at the time. The Le Puy is alluding to a flying island of Ireland, the UK's exploitation of the oppressed. In the Houyhn

13、hnms, there is chaos phenomenon of man and beast, the author even noticed the pure money relations among people in the capitalist society and then have some question about human nature. The novel attacked the social phenomenon, but also directly satirized human nature on a deep level.2. Analysis of

14、characterization 2.1 Summary of characterization Gullivers Travels is one of Swifts masterpieces. Thorough Gullivers observation and thinking, it reflects his keen observant to the British society in 18th century and knowledge to the nature of the rising period of capitalism in Britain. So Gulliver

15、is not just a key figure in the aspect of plot structure, he is the spokesman who conveys the thought of author. On the other hand, Gulliver is not Swift. Gulliver is a member of progressive bourgeois in the capitalist society. He is different from other bourgeois, the core of his personality is tha

16、t he satirize and criticize the existing system, he is the dissident and critics of the society. We follow the Gullivers footprint in the fantasy world, interpret the psychological development of the characters and formation of personality. We also experience the strong critical spirit and profound

17、thoughts implication of the works which conveys by Gulliver. 2.2 Characterization in Lilliput On May 4, 1699, Gulliver was hired by the caption of the “antelope”, sailing to the Pacific Ocean, because of a storm; “antelope” sank on the rocks. He came to a shore alone, when he weak up, he founded him

18、self trapped by a group of little people whose height is less than 6 inches. After that he started his 9 months and 13 days life in Lilliput. He founded that the little people have a high level of intelligence; they can offer him the proper amount of food and make clothes in proportion. The author u

19、sed a commanding point of view and a giant eyes looking down the tiny human. Gulliver found the two problems of Lilliput soon: problems of the two parties and outside the country. The difference between two parties is that, the heels of one party is higher and the other is lower. Due to this reason,

20、 these two parties are called High-Heels and the Low-Heels. To this extend, readers could be easy to think of the two parties in British in 18th century, the Whigs and Tories. They fought with each other, they were indifferent to peoples livelihood, their only purpose was for the regime. When it cam

21、e to the outside dangerous, the Blefuscu island was referred to the France, which was the main enemy of Britain at that time. The author used a method which is full of irony to depict the source of struggle: people in both countries think that the original method in eating egg is to break the bigger

22、 head. However when the grandfather of Lilliputs emperor was a child, he cut his finger accidentally when he ate an egg, so he issued a decree to ordered all his residents to break the smaller head first when eating eggs. But people cannot agree with it and caused six rebellions, one of this country

23、s emperor died. Here the author alluded to Charles I died in guillotine in 1649. Thus it can be seen that the reason of the war between these two countries mainly due to the monarchs preference, the irony is obvious. In Lilliput, the problems of human nature have also been deeply revealed. When Lill

24、iput was under the condition of enemy attack, Gulliver repelled the enemy in a very clever method. However, due to the emperors infinite ambitions, he fell from grace. In Lilliput, as long as the emperors desire not satisfied, great achievement is nothing. Thus, the persons ambition is terrible, eve

25、n the drafts. The first journey in Lilliput satirized the corruption of Britain and revealed infighting between the parties. Actually Lilliput was the epitome of British society. Gulliver put himself among them, especially in the court. What he saw, he thought and he felt, vividly depicted the ugly

26、face of the ruling class who endlessly oppress people and the harsh nature of ministers who are jealous of real talent. Through Gullivers observation and thought, Swift said out his criticism and ridicule about sectarian struggle and the expansion policy of British society, indirectly reflect his cr

27、iticism of that religion cheat and fool people. He affirmed the rationality, denied the religious theocracy and shined with the brilliance of the enlightenment. Gulliver abode by the ideas of freedom and democracy; he refused to cooperate with the king of Lilliput to completely destroy the enemy sta

28、te and losses the heart of the king. On the other hand, the method he used to put out the fire makes the queen unhappy and ministers constantly make rumors to frame him. All of them want to blind him and starve him to death. What the ruler of Lilliput had done made Gulliver wake up who was pure and

29、kind and have hope to the rule before. Finally he gradually broke the fantasy, after a long time of struggle, he left the Lilliput and go to the Brobdingnag. At the same time, he realized that he should not confide in the king and ministers if possible. At the end of this part, the character of crit

30、ics has some changes. 2.3 Characterization in Brobdingnag Contrary to Lilliput, in Brobdingnag, the residents are more than 120 feet in height. Similarly, any trees, birds and other creatures are surprisingly large. In Brobdingnag, Gullivers first master is a rich peasant, and eventually Gulliver wa

31、s transferred to the queens hands. In Brobdingnag, Gulliver looked up the vulgar, indifference and greed of human beings in the dwarfs angle. The rich peasant showed his greed, he saved Gulliver and then show him at the market day, forced him to perform swordplay and toast to make money. Until Gulli

32、ver was very thin, he sold Gulliver to the queen. The greed of human nature was showed incisively and vividly in the description of the works. The second master of Gulliver is the queen. In the 3 years palace life, the author satirized society and humanity by depicting the details of life. At first,

33、 the king was interested in such a special tiny person, some scholar argue that what on earth this species was, but they think it was a kind of naturally malformations. Under the expulsion of interests, people would give up sympathy and kindness, even at the expense of others life. It is ironic that

34、 though the European philosophy professors look down on the old methods which one cannot understand to escape. They found a “pill” which can solve all the problems, a pill which made a so-called progress of human, was a method to conceal their ignorance. When Gulliver, in return for the favors, told

35、 the king gunpowder and barrel, the king revealed that the humans purpose to invent gunpowder was to be used for war, which shocked Gulliver deeply. In the kings eyesight, these destructive weapons can cause bleeding and destruction, it should be cared, rather than treating with indifference. When h

36、e came to the Brobdingnag, resorting to Gullivers activities, from the noble to the priest, from the house to the court, from history to present situation, Swift expressed strong criticism and negation. Gullivers critical strength strengthen and deepen continuously, he further revealed the corruptio

37、n of social system and cruel war. The king of Brobdingnag was very erudite, he was the ideal image of enlightened monarch in Swifts mind. In this volume, Gulliver criticized the society from another aspect. He counted great feats about his own country in the tone of an innocent and honest man, but o

38、n the contrary, the result led to a strong and satirical effect. This strengthened the king of Brobdingnag repudiates the British society, it was obvious that it had implicit critical force. Swift contrasted the dialogue between Gulliver and the king, deeply exposed the darkness of British society a

39、nd accuses aristocratic society. On the other hand, Swifts anti-war thought can also be show in the dialogue war between Gulliver and the king. In this part, Gulliver and the king were the same person, and Gullivers words and deeds strengthened the kings criticism. If at the beginning Gulliver has a

40、 little narrow blind guard consciousness of his own country, at the end he started to doubt his own ideas, he stood with the king in the same position. 2.4 Characterization in Flying island(Laputa)Flying island, just as its name implies, it was a country that can move freely in the sky. Its bottom w

41、as made by disk-shaped diamonds; a big magnet sustains the flying island. The island moved around the scope of the kingdom freely under the action of the magnet. The local residents looked strange, their heads were tending to one side, one eye turned inward and another scrolled up. The reason why th

42、e author deliberately depicted them as such was that, the countrys residents liked music and mathematics only, the position of the eyes can be understood as, apart from music and mathematics, they ignored everything else. Although they can dexterity and expertly draw on the paper, in daily life thei

43、r behavior was very awkward, which was clearly the irony of mathematicians and musicians. People in flying island keened on news and politics, they enjoyed learning public affairs, this trait was derived from the weaknesses which generally existed in human nature: people were willing to research and

44、 made a criticism about something which had nothing to do with us or were not suitable for us to study at all. In flying island university, people engaged in all kinds of research, such as extract sunshine from the cucumber, made the waste backing into the original food, burned the ice into ashes an

45、d then made it into gunpowder, covered the roof first and then built the base when made a house, use ivory to extract air from the body and then cure lumbar disease. All these ideas were fanciful and cannot achieve, but the folks were willing to talk about and tried their best to achieve them. The a

46、uthor aimed to irony British scientists who engaged in the unrealistic and meaningful research. When it came to Laputa, the irony was much more extensive. The king and ministers lived in a island which can lift and fly freely. The flying island symbolized the suzerain and the bellow was his colony.

47、If people in the below refused to pay tribute or launch insurgency, the king would order the island fly in the town to block the sun and rain. When the residents suffered from famine or plague, they had to surrender. In this part, Gulliver had more recognition about the darkness of British society,

48、he started to satirize the congress, party noble and officials, much more rationally. The heated rhetoric was enough to prove that the fantasy had been broken completely, he had become a radical critics. The criticism to the ruler came to the height that other contemporary bourgeois never had. 2.5 C

49、haracterization in The HouyhnhnmsThe Houyhnhnms travel was not only the climax of the whole travel notes, but also the authors sharp satirized in human nature. In the chaos of the human-animal relationship in this country, human was referred as yahoo, which was terrible than the beast. They are cunn

50、ing, stubborn, and the most difficult to be taught, then the rational animal was the horse who can talk, they are the master of the land, yahoo should to be ordered by them. The behavior of the Houyhnhnms was orderly and rational, sharp and wise. In this country, the ugliness of humanity was extreme

51、ly enlarge. The author compared the yahoo with the Houyhnhnms who outside the world, revealed the human desire for power and wealth, revealed the consequences which resulted from human lust, indulgence, resentment and envy. In order to satisfy the selfish desire of human society, human turned the mo

52、st of the necessities into the evil things, which caused the lack of supplies. Human coveted the temporary happiness produced by alcohol, yet lost the head and got lost, and then eventually made the life prematurely terminated.In the last part Gulliver completes his character of rebel and critics. A

53、t that time, Gulliver had become a spokesman of critical thought for the author. Houyhnhnms have two kinds of resistant. One kind was the ruler, they were some wise horse, another kind was yahoo, which were selfish, greedy and aggressive. Gulliver praised this beautiful country which was ruled by ho

54、rse. There was no cynicism, improper criticism or bad words, no thief, bandits and robbers, bawd, clown, gambler, politician, wit, and so on. The purpose why he praised Houyhnhnms was to satirize the existing society. The noble rationality of the ruler was based on natural equality concept, harmonio

55、us interpersonal relationship. Gulliver learned from these horse that what was the real rational animals, and then learn from yahoo that why man became beast. From the different attitude between Houyhnhnms, and yahoo, we can see the limitations of Gullivers recognition. He cannot realize that though

56、 human had many bad habits like yahoo, but they were not humans total. At the same time, human had many good habits like Houyhnhnms.3. Analysis of writing skills 3.1 The connotations and features of the novelWhen Gulliver came to a country, he would get different treatment. The author traced every scene and made people in it, he