城市地鐵盾構(gòu)法和礦山法相結(jié)合施工技術(shù)

1、Abstract City subway usually shallow buried tunnel, and the route to the bustling city lots, overlying buildings, dense, heavy traffic, so it is usually constructed by shield method to reduce the effect of ground.However in the process of excavation in hard rock, Boulder or long distance of soft har

2、d lot, still using shield method construction will accelerate the tool wear, reducing driving speed, frequent replacement of tools will enable the artificial cost and engineering cost rises ceaselessly, and the construction safety risk, the project impact.Therefore in such areas may be considered mi

3、ning method with shield method combining construction.Keywords:Shield; mining method; construction technology of combining.摘要 城市地鐵通常為淺埋隧道，且穿越路線為城市繁華地段，上覆建筑物多、人口密集、交通繁忙，所以通常采用盾構(gòu)法施工以減少對地面影響。然而在開挖過程中若遇到硬巖、孤石群或長距離上軟下硬地段時，仍采用盾構(gòu)法施工將會加速刀具磨損、降低掘進速度，頻繁更換刀具將使人工成本及工程成本不斷上升，且施工安全風險極大，對工程整體進度產(chǎn)生影響。故在此類地段可以考慮礦山法與盾

4、構(gòu)法相結(jié)合進行施工。關(guān)鍵詞：盾構(gòu)法； 礦山法； 結(jié)合施工技。1 .Introduction Along with our country city track transportation tunnel engineering construction development, the engineering geological condition becomes more and more complex, simple shield method construction technology and construction technology of simple mining me

5、thod on the adaptation of formation increasing limitations.When the tunnel segments with uneven hardness and the difference is larger, if only using shield method construction, selection can also meet the cutting strength is low and soft soil excavation of high strength rock composite shield machine

6、 shield machine, not only the high cost, in hard rock excavation cost is high.And when the stratum uneven hardness difference in hard rock strength is high, the shield machine is very difficult to satisfy the requirements of both, will cause a series of problems and accidents.On the other hand, the

7、soft rock of mine construction, high cost of construction, long construction period, and the construction risk is difficult to control.Especially in city subway tunnel, the buildings on the ground and pipes, the tunnel construction process of ground subsidence and deformation of high control require

8、ments, when there is an accident, economic loss is estimated hard, social influence to bear.2. Principle and characteristic of subway tunnel construction2.1 Principle of Subway Tunnel Construction City subway usually shallow buried tunnel, and the route to the bustling city lots, overlying buildings

9、, dense, heavy traffic, so it is usually constructed by shield method to reduce the effect of ground, does not affect the city traffic, no pollution, no noise.2.2 Characteristic of Subway Tunnel ConstructionCity subway construction is one of the greatest features, is the project is located in flouri

10、shing region of the city, commerce, traffic is busy, many buildings on the ground.Therefore, in most cases, the city subway construction only by tunneling method. In city subway project, the construction time is the longest, the largest project is the construction cost of subway station construction

11、.Especially in city subway tunnel shield construction after introduction, due to shield construction speed, interval tunnel construction speed and construction of subway station speed asymmetry of the contradiction is highlighted particularly.3.Technological Process of Shield Tunnel Shield construct

12、ion is to shield the construction machinery on the ground below dark tunnel construction method. The shield is a can support the formation pressure and promote activities in the formation of steel tube structure.Steel cylinder is arranged at the front end of the support and excavation equipment, ste

13、el tube jacking installation has the desired jacks,Steel cylinder tail can be assembled prefabricated or cast lining ring.Each ring of a shield advance distance, at shield tail support of assembling a ring lining, and the lining ring to peripheral gap pressure injection of cement mortar, to prevent

14、tunnel and ground subsidence.The shield advance force by a lining ring bear.Shield construction before the construction of a shaft, in shaft mounted within the shield, shield excavation soil by access shaft out of the ground.Because of its resistance to circular formation of earth pressure and water

15、 pressure on lining is better, assembly is simple, can use the general component, easy to replace, so it is widely used.Shield method is mainly characterized in that: except for shaft construction, construction operations are in the ground, which does not affect the ground transportation, but also r

16、educe the residents in the vicinity of the noise and vibration;Shield tunneling, excavation, assembling the lining the main cycle of construction, easy management, construction personnel is relatively small; less quantity of earth;Crossing the river does not affect shipping; construction from the st

17、orms and other weather conditions; in poor geological conditions, high underground water level to the local construction deeply buried tunnel, shield method has higher technical and economic superiority.4.Technological Process of Mining Method Mining method originated in the1986 Beijing subway Fuxin

18、gmen reentrant line engineering, is the Chinese people to create their own suitable for China's national conditions of a tunnel construction method.Its outstanding advantage is not influence city traffic, no pollution, no noise, and is suitable for various sizes and cross section of tunnel.The p

19、rinciple is: use of soil layer in the excavation process in short time since the steady ability, take the appropriate support measures, rock or soil surface to form a close type thin wall supporting structure of slotted construction method, is mainly applied to the clay, sand, the sand and gravel la

20、yer and geological.As a result of shallow tunneling method in eliminating many approval, demolition, excavation and other procedures, this is construction unit commonly adopted.5. Combination of Two Technological ProcessConstruction scheme design for a range using mining excavation,anchor shotcrete

21、lining, composite construction method.Firstly, using the tunnel primary support, and then use a shield segment air is pushed through the tunnel by mining method,Air push by the shield segments form mining method tunnel two lining, two lining and primary support between the pore with grain size of le

22、ss than 10mm gravel ( stone ) filled, and then filling the spaces between the gravel, and ultimately by the grout and segments constitute the mining method tunnel two lining.6. Conclusion Therefore, take the mining method and the shield method of combination construction, which not only solves the s

23、hield method in hard rock section tunneling difficult problem, but also avoid the mining method in soft rock section construction risks.At the same time, because the city subway tunnel construction is often restricted to the construction site, the mining method and the shield method construction of

24、shield in combination, has been applied to the mine tunnel air pushed past approaches, hard rock section ends without setting a shield machine, hanging out and then starting work well, can effectively reduce the construction site requirements, greatly facilitate the construction organization.The min

25、ing method and the construction technology of shield method combination, can shorten the construction period, reduces the engineering cost, and reduce the construction difficulty and the construction risk, can play two kinds of method the advantages and benefits.Bibliography1 鐵建設(shè)2005160號，客運專線鐵路橋涵工程施

26、工質(zhì)量驗收暫行標準S2 TB10415-2003，鐵路橋涵工程施工質(zhì)量驗收標準s3 GB50007-2002，建筑地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計規(guī)范S4 JGJ79-2002，建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范s5 李聞鐵路客運專線預制梁場存梁臺座設(shè)計研究J鐵道標準設(shè)計，2009(S1)6 李 昂建筑地基處理技術(shù)及地基基礎(chǔ)工程標準規(guī)范實施手冊M北京：金版電子出版公司，20031引言 隨著我國城市軌道交通隧道工程建設(shè)的發(fā)展，面臨的工程地質(zhì)條件越來越復雜，單純盾構(gòu)法施工工藝及單純礦山法施工工藝對適應地層的局限性越來越突出：當隧道各區(qū)段軟硬不均且差異較大時，若單純采用盾構(gòu)法施工，需選用能同時滿足掘削強度很低的軟土和掘削高強度巖石的

27、復合式盾構(gòu)機，不但盾構(gòu)機造價高昂，在硬巖中掘進成本也較高；且當?shù)貙榆浻膊痪町愡^大硬巖強度過高時，盾構(gòu)機很難同時滿足兩者要求，將導致一系列工程難題和事故。另一方面，單純采用礦山施工，軟巖段建設(shè)成本高、工期長，且施工風險難以控制。特別是城市地鐵隧道，地面建筑及管線密集，對隧道施工過程中的地面沉降和變形控制要求高，一旦發(fā)生安全事故，經(jīng)濟損失難以估量，社會影響難以承受。2地鐵施工的原則和技術(shù)特點2.1地鐵施工的原則 城市地鐵通常為淺埋隧道，且穿越路線為城市繁華地段，上覆建筑物多、人口密集、交通繁忙，所以通常采用盾構(gòu)法施工以減少對地面影響，不影響城市交通，無污染、無噪聲。2.2地鐵施工的特點城市地鐵施

28、工的一個最大特點，就是工程位于城市繁華地區(qū)，商業(yè)、交通繁忙，地面建筑物眾多。故在大多數(shù)情況下，城市地鐵施工只能采用暗挖法施工。在城市地鐵工程中，施工時間最長，施工費用最大的工程即為地鐵車站工程。特別是城市地鐵區(qū)間隧道引進盾構(gòu)法施工后，因盾構(gòu)法施工速度快，區(qū)間隧道施工速度與地鐵車站施工速度快慢不對稱的矛盾尤為突出。3盾構(gòu)法施工特點盾構(gòu)法施工是以盾構(gòu)這種施工機械在地面以下暗挖隧道的一種施工方法。盾構(gòu)是一個既可以支承地層壓力又可以在地層中推進的活動鋼筒結(jié)構(gòu)。鋼筒的前端設(shè)置有支撐和開挖土體的裝置，鋼筒的中段安裝有頂進所需的千斤頂；鋼筒的尾部可以拼裝預制或現(xiàn)澆隧道襯砌環(huán)。盾構(gòu)每推進一環(huán)距離，就在盾尾支護下拼裝（或