高中英語(yǔ)選修十 Unit 4 Learning efficiently-語(yǔ)法篇（教師版）

1、.Unit 4 Learning efficiently-語(yǔ)法篇_1. 掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣運(yùn)用；2. 掌握?？继摂M語(yǔ)氣的解題方法；虛擬語(yǔ)氣一. 定義虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。二. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1. 真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中if是“假如的意思。2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用1 表示與如今事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句謂動(dòng)用“過(guò)去式be的過(guò)去式用we

2、re，主句謂動(dòng)用“would/ should/ could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：If I had time，I would attend the meeting.If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.2 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句謂動(dòng)用“had+過(guò)去分詞， 主句謂動(dòng)用“would/ should/ could/might+ have+過(guò)去分詞。例如：If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.3 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從

3、句謂動(dòng)可以用三種形式: a. “動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式； b. “were to+動(dòng)詞原形； c. “should+動(dòng)詞原形， 主句謂動(dòng)用“would/ should/ could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意的

4、幾點(diǎn)：1 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now.要是那時(shí)你聽(tīng)我勸告的話，你如今就知道該做什么了。2 if的省略和倒裝在條件句中可省略 if，把were，had，should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。例如:If I were at school again，I would study harder.Were I at school again，I would study h

5、arder.If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus.If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.注意： 當(dāng)省略的條件句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否認(rèn)形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。比方，我們可以說(shuō)：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能說(shuō)：W

6、eren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now.3 含蓄條件句 用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞有with，without，but for。例如:What would you do with a million dollars？if you had a million dollarsWe couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.if we hadn't got your helpWithout your help，we could

7、n't have finished the work ahead of time.But for your help，.If it had not been for your help，.Had it not been for your help，. 用otherwise，however，but或分詞短語(yǔ)等代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:He would have gone to the party，but he was ill yesterday.他昨天想去參加宴會(huì)，但是那時(shí)他病了。The firemen arrived in time. Otherwise the house would

8、have been burnt to the ground.消防隊(duì)員及時(shí)趕到了，不然的話，房子就燒毀了。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.假設(shè)是多加注意，這些樹(shù)就會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。三. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用1. 用于賓語(yǔ)從句中1 wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為：a. 過(guò)去時(shí)賓從動(dòng)作與wish同時(shí)；b. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)賓從動(dòng)作先于wish；c. could/ would/ might+動(dòng)詞原形，即過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)賓從動(dòng)作后于wish。例如:I wish I remembered

9、 his address.我希望我記得他的地址。I wish I had studied hard.我多么希望我那時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。2 表示建議、要求、命令等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞有：demand, order, require, insist堅(jiān)決主張, suggest建議, propose, advise, decide, determine, vote提議, command, arrange安排、協(xié)商, desire, prefer, intend等，從句謂動(dòng)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。例如:The doctor suggested/insisted that shesho

10、uldstay in bed for a few days.醫(yī)生建議/堅(jiān)持她臥床幾天。注意： 當(dāng)suggest作“暗示、說(shuō)明講，insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)講，即堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣時(shí)，that 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.他臉上的表情暗示出他不快樂(lè)。Mike insisted that he was right.邁克堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的。3 would had rather，would just as soon，would sooner，would prefer從句構(gòu)造，這幾個(gè)句型都表示一種“婉轉(zhuǎn)

11、的責(zé)備，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示如今或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。例如:I would rather you didn't go there.我寧愿你不去那兒。4 If only 引導(dǎo)的感慨句中。例如:If only I were a bird! 我要是只鳥(niǎo)兒多好啊！2. 用于主語(yǔ)從句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat 從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略。例如:It is suggested that

12、 the meetingshouldbe put off till next week.It is strange that heshouldhave acted toward his parents like that.act 發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be之前時(shí)，要用should have過(guò)去分詞注意： 以上句式也可以用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。例如:It's strange that he didn't come yesterday.It's a pity that you can't dance.3. 用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在suggestion，proposal，ord

13、er，plan，idea，request，advice 等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其構(gòu)成是“should動(dòng)詞原形。如：My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.四. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用1. 在as if/though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)和even if/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與如今或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反；過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去

14、事實(shí)相反。例如:She loves the boy as if he were her own son.她喜歡這個(gè)男孩子就好似他是她的親生兒子一樣。2. 在in order that，so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，經(jīng)常用“could/might/may/can動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.他早起為的是可以趕上第一班公共汽車(chē)。3. 在in case that，for fear that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，經(jīng)常用“should動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should不可省略。例如:She p

15、uts a coat over the baby for fear that he should catch a cold.她把一個(gè)大衣蓋在小孩身上，以免他著涼。4. if only 后面需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與如今或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反；過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。例如:If only I could operate the computer.要是我會(huì)操作電腦該多好。If only he had known it.要是他知道這件事該多好。五. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用It is high/about time that.句型中一般用過(guò)去時(shí)或“should動(dòng)詞原形但should不可省略表示

16、虛擬語(yǔ)氣，前者更為常用。例如:It's high/about time that children went/should go to school.到了孩子們上學(xué)的時(shí)候了。1. What would have happened，_ as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther解析: 考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊用法。在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，假如把條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的if省略，可以把助動(dòng)詞had，

17、were或者should提到句子的前面，形成部分倒裝形式。根據(jù)前面的謂語(yǔ)形式可知，此題表達(dá)的是與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，在條件句中的應(yīng)用。答案: C2. It's high time that we_ home and_ supper now. A. go；have B. went；had C. go；should have D. went；to have解析: 該句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式或“should動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略。答案: B3. I was really anxious about you. You_ home without a word.A. mustn'

18、;t leave B. shouldn't have leftC. couldn't have left D. needn't leave解析: 你不應(yīng)該一句話不說(shuō)就離家出走的，但是你卻這樣做了，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。答案: B4. He hesitated for a moment before he kicked the ball，otherwise he_ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored解析: 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他沒(méi)有進(jìn)球得分，所以要選的應(yīng)該是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)前面的動(dòng)詞可知，表示

19、的是與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以主句要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done 形式。答案: D5. I wish I_ the book yesterday，but I was too busy.A. had finished to write B. had finished writingC. could have finished to write D. might finish writing解析：wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由yesterday可知是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，所以用had done表示，且finish后跟v.­ing形式，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。答案: B根底演練單項(xiàng)選擇1. I have

20、no time now. If I _time, I _to the cinema with you. A had; may go B have; shall go C had; would go D had had; would have gone2. If she had worked harder, she_. A would succeed B had succeeded C should succeed D would have succeeded3. I would not have gone to the party, _. A were I not invited B hadn

21、t invited C hadnt been invited D had not I been invited4. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A has B had C will have D had had5. How I wish I _ to fix the clock! I only made it worse. A could have tried B didnt try C hadnt tried D couldnt tried6. Its hard for me to imag

22、ine what I would be doing today if I _in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A wouldnt have fallen B had not fallen C should fall D were to fall7. I advised that the sick child_ a hospital as soon as possible. A should send to B should be sent C be sent to D must b

23、e sent to8. What she said at the meeting suggested that she _ our plan. A support B supported C should support D will support9. The man insisted that he_ the law and _into prison. A didnt break; not put B hadnt broken; shouldnt be put C not break; not put D hadnt broken; mustnt be put10. _it rain to

24、morrow, the sports meet would be put off. A If B Would C When D ShouldKeys： 1-5 CDDBC 6-10 BCBBD穩(wěn)固進(jìn)步.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I'd rather you _ come tomorrow.2. If only he _ be alive.3. We should act as if she _ watch us.4. I couldn't help even though I _ bethere at the moment.5. If I _informyesterday，

25、I _ knowwhat to do now.單句改錯(cuò)1. If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't fail in the exam._2. I would have finished the work，but I had been ill._3. It's high time we do our homework._4. I wish she will do better next time._5. The teacher demanded that he answered the question immediately._. 完成句

26、子1. My suggestion is that _我們根據(jù)天氣情況來(lái)安排運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的日期2. _ 要不是他的幫助，I couldn't have finished the work on time.3. Without/But for your help，_ 我是不會(huì)平安到家的4. If I were you，I _ 更加注意英語(yǔ)的習(xí)語(yǔ)和短語(yǔ)5. _ 假如他九點(diǎn)動(dòng)身的話，he ought to have been in Londonby eleven o'clock.Keys：. 1.came 2.were 3.were watching 4.had been 5.had be

27、en informed；should know. 1.failhave failed 2.had beenwas 3.dodid 4.willmight 5.answeredshould answer. 1. we should fix the date for the sports meeting depending on the weather 2. Had it not been for his help3. I couldn't have returned home safely4. would pay more attention to English idioms and

28、phrases5. If he had started at 9：001. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat，the earth at night_，too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. would be frozen coldC. would be freezing coldlyD. can freeze coldly2. You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman_ be so rude to a

29、lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would3. If only he_ quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. layC. had lain D. should lie4. Oh，I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I_ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eatenC. shouldn'

30、;t have eaten D. mustn't eat5. Mr. White_ at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didn't show up.A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving6. How I wish every family_ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. had had7. It is hard

31、for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall8. But for the help of my English teacher，I_ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. w

32、ould not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won9. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_ it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed10. Bill suggested_ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacatio

33、n.A. having held B. to holdC. holding D. hold11. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.A. would be sent B. should sendC. be sent D. must be sent12. These achievements _ without the contribution of Qian Xuesen，a key leader of the New China's nuclear missile a

34、nd so on.A. would have been unthinkableB. would not be unthinkableC. would be unthinkableD. would not have been unthinkable13. They must have been enjoying themselves there，otherwise they _ so long.A. can't have stayed B. wouldn't have stayedC. needn't have stayed D. couldn't stay14.

35、 The current economic situation requires that we _ strengthen our confidence and make every effort to promote growth and balanced development.A. need B. wouldC. could D. should15. The boy insisted that he _ his best and _ praised.A. had tried；must be B. tried；must beC. try；should be D. had tried；beK

36、eys:1-5 ACCCA 6-10 BBBCC 11-15 CABDB _一. 完型2019朝陽(yáng)一模Appeal to Emotion情感My childhood left three months ago on a plane to Austria.It was a 1 day when my baby cousins moved away. My cousins were a fundamental part of my life; 2 they were not with me, they were on my mind. They brought back the untrouble

37、d days of my childhood, 3 games, adventures and silliness, but they also helped 4 me from an at-times selfish teenager into a responsible adult.My aunt and uncle moved here from Boston with their 1-year-old daughter Yasmeen. They lived in an apartment on the side of our house and I was 5 to have our

38、 family, especially a baby girl, so close to us. Yasmeen had close friendships with each of my sisters, but I knew the one that 6 between us was the strongest. As she began to walk on her own and talk in full sentences, I realized my great 7 upon her. I noticed that shed 8 some of my unpleasant acti

39、ons, 9 with her mother after I had done the same. Yasmeen made me realize what being a good 10 really was.When Maya was born, Yasmeen had a hard time 11 . She was jealous嫉妒 of the attention we all paid to her new younger sister, so I did my best to keep her company when she might have not been 12 .

40、Once Yasmeen overcame her jealousy, she was able to 13 Mayas presence, like we all did. I tried to take advantage of our times together, doing my best to 14 my schedule for my two favorite people.My 15 with Yasmeen and Maya has taught me the importance of influential people. I know that I have helpe

41、d Yasmeen and Maya 16 , but “the babies have had an even greater influence on my own life. They have shown me how to be a parent, a sister, a child, and most importantly, a friend. Our 17 has made me a better persona more patient person, with the ability to 18 endless questions and spilled灑 juice；an

42、 19 person, able to have fun and be happy with others; a role model, 20 the babies ideas about right and wrong, and a compassionate person, able to forgive and love.1.A. sadB. busyC. fineD. relaxing2.A. untilB. beforeC. whenD. unless3.A. againstB. throughC. besidesD. for4.A. lead B. challengeC. matu

43、reD. encourage5.A. overjoyedB. embarrassedC. surprisedD. afraid6.A. endedB. startedC. survivedD. developed7.A. pressureB. dependenceC. mercyD. influence8.A. doubtB. regretC. copyD. guide9.A. debatingB. arguingC. negotiatingD. checking10.A. leaderB. partnerC. friendD. example11.A. sharingB. adjusting

44、C. recognizingD. struggling12.A. noticedB. admiredC. comfortedD. protected13.A. ignoreB. mindC. senseD. enjoy14.A. affectB. acceptC. freeD. ruin15.A. instructionB. experimentC. experienceD. interview16.A. growB. succeedC. thinkD. behave17.A. meetingB. relationshipC. responsibilityD. respect18.A. rev

45、iewB. tolerateC. repeatD. avoid19.A. honestB. independentC. aggressiveD. enthusiastic20.A. showingB. writingC. awardingD. permitting二. 書(shū)面表達(dá) 你的美國(guó)朋友Chris目前在北京學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，他對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化非常感興趣。本周五下午你校將要舉辦一個(gè)文化講座，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示給他一封電子郵件。邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)參加。1. 農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)張教授講解中國(guó)茶文化的歷史和傳播；2. 講座后有交流和品茶活動(dòng)；3. 你將陪同Chris并幫其翻譯講解。注意：1. 詞數(shù)不少于50。 2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連接。 3. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Hi Chris,_Yours,Joe第二節(jié) 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二1班的學(xué)生李華， 上周日你班組織到首都圖書(shū)館參加一天的文化志愿活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇日記，記述活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程。注意：1. 詞數(shù)不少于60。 2. 日記的開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。March 29th, Sunday Fine Today some classmates and I served at Capital Library as vo