非謂語動詞小結(jié)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上三把鑰匙揭密非謂語動詞濟源四中英語組 楊艷霞非謂語動詞始終是中學英語教學的重頭戲，亦是歷屆高考單項填空和改錯試題中不可或缺的一部分。2007 年高考全國各地18套試題中，考查非謂語動詞的多達31小題，絕大多數(shù)試題中2個小題，全國卷4小題和上海卷中3個小題，直接考查了非謂語用法?？梢姺侵^語在高考試題中的舉足之位?？v覽近幾年試題，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)各地試題對非謂語考查的點陣布局：對作主語、表語的非謂語用法考查較少，而對作賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語和分詞獨立主格的考查較多，2007年18套試題共4小題考察了分詞獨立主格。2007 年非謂語動詞試題難度適中，沒有太多結(jié)構復雜、句意難懂

2、的長句子，更多采用了富于交際給人以親切感的鮮活語言，一改傳統(tǒng)試題生搬硬套的語法之味道。我們預測，2008年高考對非謂語動詞考查的比重、難度、風格等和2007年相比不會有太大差別。 解題鑰匙鑰匙一表示主動、進行用ing，表示被動、完成用ed，表示將來用不定式。【例1】2007福建 26.Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled【解析】

3、句意：腦子中裝著這么多工作，我?guī)缀趵劭辶?。很多考生會誤選A項，因受類似于The room was filled with smoke句式的影響，卻不知可以這樣說Smoke filled the room；filling由much work發(fā)出屬主動關系，且體現(xiàn)工作一直裝在腦子中這一進行狀態(tài)。C項表示將來，D項表示被動進行，均不符合句意要求。【答案】B【例2】2007上海36. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been

4、 completed C. completed D. being completed【解析】因the Town Hall 已被建成，故不少考生滿有理由地選擇B項，誤以為C項不足以表達完成之意；having been done 和時段連用可作非限制性后置定語，如The problem ,having been discussed for years, has been solved。A項和D項分別表示將來和進行，與句中過去時間矛盾，沒有建成之意。【答案】C規(guī)律小結(jié) 首先掌握非謂語動詞的基本語法功能。在成份上，非謂語動詞大都可在句子中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語和狀語，過去分詞一般不作主語

5、和賓語。分詞的完成式即having done和having been done一般只作狀語，不作定語，如果作定語僅作非限制性后置定語。在時態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示進行，過去分詞表示完成，不定式一般意味著將來；在概念上，動名詞表示抽象、經(jīng)常和習慣，不定時表示具體、偶然和將來。鑰匙二交際是目的，句意是關鍵，非謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化最終由句意來敲定?！纠?】2007浙江20. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D.

6、 Having driven 【解析】句意：由于（市場）需求大量的蔬菜，農(nóng)民已增建了更多的溫室大棚。drive意為“驅(qū)使、迫使” , 原句可轉(zhuǎn)化為As they are driven by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses。盡管drive動作發(fā)生在過去，現(xiàn)在仍起作用，但不強調(diào)進行，只強調(diào)原因，故舍去B項。我們不妨聯(lián)想Given more time, Ill do the work better，分詞短語作狀語時，一般用done不用being done，這是學生學習分詞時的一個難點,總是誤以

7、為不用be的某種形式便不足以表示被動。C、D項表主動，不符合被動要求。【答案】A【例4】（2007陜西）15. _ that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her.A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying 【解析】句意：我說他工作做的不好，并不是說我比他更能干。該題主要考查分詞的時態(tài)，根據(jù)that she didnt do a good job可判斷已經(jīng)說過，A、C、D項不表完成，故不選。【答案】B規(guī)律小結(jié)理解非謂語動詞的變形即時態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定變化等。時態(tài)變

8、化的參照物是句子主要謂語動詞的時態(tài)，非謂語動詞與謂語動詞同步發(fā)生時用一般式，先于謂語動詞時用完成式，強調(diào)在謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時正在進行就用進行式。非謂語動詞的語態(tài)由和句子主語的關系決定，非謂語動詞的動作由主語發(fā)出用主動語態(tài)，由主語承受用被動語態(tài)。非謂語動詞的否定式一律在其前加not,僅警示語用no doing格式。鑰匙三 常規(guī)知識要儲存，書到用時不恨少?！纠?】（2007江蘇）28. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _ here.A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking【解析】al

9、low有兩種用法：allow sb to do 和allow doing，所以此題正確選項為D?！敬鸢浮緿規(guī)律小結(jié)考生要想順利圓滿地完成高考中非謂語類試題，必須通過反復訓練強化記憶非謂語動詞的搭配習慣，關注以下幾方面的內(nèi)容。與不定式連用的主要動詞：afford to do類，request sb to do類，prove sth sthto be adj.類，wait for sbsthto do類,have do類，heardo類，find it adj. to do類。與-ing連用的主要動詞：finish doing類，look forward to doing類，waste time

10、doing類。allow sb to do 和allow doing類。與-ing和不定式連用意義區(qū)別較大的一類動詞：remember, forget, regret, try, stop, cant help, mean, need, want, requirewith sbsthdoingdone分詞獨立主格結(jié)構，這一版塊切不可忽視，因它是學習的難點，也是今年考題的熱點。熟記作狀語的分詞短語generally speaking、judging from, 作狀語的不定式短語to tell the truth、 to begin with, 具有連詞功能的分詞given that考慮到, 鑒

11、于, supposesupposingthat假設,設想另外, 呼應法是做題的又一捷徑,請觀察下列句子中的非謂語的呼應。例一Fishing is his favorite hobby and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure. 例二Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. 例三They see you as something of a worrier, designing problems which dont exist and crossing bridges long b

12、efore you come to them. 考點警示 做好該類試題的技巧：分析句子成份，抓準結(jié)構復雜句子的主語和謂語，確定非謂語動詞的語法功能。根據(jù)非謂語動詞與句子主語、其邏輯主語的關系, 決定非謂語動詞的語態(tài);再根據(jù)非謂語動詞與句子謂語的時間關系，決定非謂語動詞的時態(tài)。將空缺的非謂語轉(zhuǎn)化為相應的從句，或?qū)⑹÷越Y(jié)構補全,進一步確定非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。將所選非謂語動詞形式置入句中，確保句意通達，邏輯關系不矛盾。句法必須服務于句意，上述【例3】、【例4】便是最有力地說明。祝08考生金榜題名！ 同步訓練 1.07全國I25. -The last one _ pays the meal. -A

13、greed!A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 2.07全國I 28. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse.A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt withB. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with3.2007全國I 29. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call yo

14、u back in a minute?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt4.2007全國II 12. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being openedandclosed D. to open and close5.2007天津 6.The glass doors have taken th

15、e place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let6.2007上海34. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him.A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call7.2007山東 26Please remain _ until the plane has come

16、 to a complete stop. Ato seat Bto be seated Cseating Dseated 8.2007山東 33The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched9.2007安徽 29. John received an invitation to dinner, an

17、d with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished10.2007湖南 29. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved 11.2007湖南 34. “Things _ never come again!” I

18、couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 12.2007江西 24.When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained13.2007四川 26Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to

19、 see him soon.Asaid Bsays Csaying Dto say14.2007四川 35. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day.A. watered B. watering B. water D. to water15.2007遼寧 29. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-metre hurdle race.A. breaking

20、 B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break 參考答案1.答案C【解析】本題考查不定式的基本用法，一般說來不定式表將來，如years to come, work to be done，由pays判斷arrive尚未發(fā)生，所以選C項。然而不定式還可與謂語動詞為過去式的句子連用，并不表示將來，如Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night？等于Who was the last one that left the classroom last night？2.答案B【解析】if not

21、carefully dealt withif it is not carefully dealt with，省去了主語和謂語的一部分it is。when, while, before, after, though, although, once, as if等引導的狀語從句其主語與主句主語一致時，均可采用此類簡潔表達法。其他選項not位置有誤。 3.答案A【解析】依句意，因為to be burned還沒有發(fā)生，不合題意，所以舍去。其他三項都有道理，being burned最具迷惑力，誤選得最多，最符合語法意義，burnt表完成就遜色多了，但選A沒選C乃源于I smell something _

22、 in the kitchenI smell something that is burning in the kitchen。這可謂做題的還原法。4.答案C【解析】句意：開始上課的時候，在教室外邊可以聽到課桌開合的聲音。聲音當時既聽得見，課桌應是正在開合，屬進行時，唯有C項可以表達此意。5.答案B【解析】letting 表示換門后白天光線照進屋里的這一經(jīng)常性的結(jié)果，having left 只表示瞬間結(jié)果，剩余兩項更不合題意。_ in the natural light during the daywhich lets in the natural light during the day。6.答案A【解析】voice取代了mother，發(fā)出call此動作，屬主動，故排除B、C，D項帶to更是錯誤。7.答案D【解析】seat意“讓就座”，表“坐下、坐著”須用seated，所以去掉A、C項。B項中to be多余，remain屬系動詞，后可直接跟seated。