【課件】人教版新教材選擇性必修三Unit 5 Poems Period 3 Discovering useful structures課件

1、Period 3 Discovering useful structuresReview relative pronouns or adverbsUnit 5 Poems 定語從句以及相關(guān)術(shù)語定語從句以及相關(guān)術(shù)語（ 1）定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般跟在它所修飾的名詞之后。（2）先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。（3）關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose，as 等；關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why 等。（4）關(guān)系詞在定語從句中有三大作用：1）連接作用：連接主句與從

2、句。2）成分作用：在定語從句中充當一個成分。3）替代作用：替代某一名詞代詞或某一句話。 主語 賓語 定語 指人 指物 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩們是一班的。 The man（whom/who/that） you met just now is my old friend.你剛才遇見的那個人是我的老朋友。 The number of people that/who come to visit the city each year reaches one million. 每年來游覽這座城市的人數(shù)達到一

3、百萬。 I once lived in the house whose windows were much larger than usual.我曾經(jīng)住在那個窗戶比一般窗戶大很多的房子里。 as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句 as 既可指人也可指物。在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。它常用在such.as.，the same.as. 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，as 不能省略。 Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up this foolish plan.我們給出的這些理由可以說服他放棄這個愚蠢的計劃。who/that whom/who/that whosewhic

4、h/thatwhich/thatwhoseas 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代替整個主句的內(nèi)容。從句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中間。 as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常用的固定表達： as we all know 眾所周知 as is well known 眾所周知 as you see 如你所見 as we expect 正如我們預(yù)料的那樣 as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的as I can remember 正如我所記得的 as has been said before 如前所述as is/was expected 正如預(yù)料的那樣 as can be seen 正

5、如所見 as is often the case 情況常常是這樣 As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩喜歡玩具娃娃而男孩喜歡槍，這是常見的情況。關(guān)系代詞as 與which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，其先行詞都可以是整個主句，as/which 指代整個主句的意思。但as 和which 具有不同的詞義、句法和用法。 as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句表示說話人的看法、態(tài)度、解釋或評論。as仍具有“正如，像，由可知”等意思，翻譯時有時可不必譯出。as 引導(dǎo)的此類從句可置于句首、句中或句尾。As Napoleon once said

6、，attack is the best method of defense.拿破侖曾經(jīng)說過，進攻是最好的防御。which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句對主句所敘述的事情進行補充說明，表明事物的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。which 此時指前面主句所提到的這件事，常譯為“這一點，這件事”等。這時它引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列、因果關(guān)系。它引導(dǎo)的從句的位置不像as 引導(dǎo)的從句那樣靈活，只能位于主句的后面。He changed his mind again，which（= and that） made us all angry. 他又改變了主意，這使我們大家都生氣了。關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞的基本用法地點狀語 時間狀語 原因

7、狀語（1）when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾的先行詞是表示時間的詞，如 time，moment，month，day，year 等，when 在定語從句中作時間狀語。We dont know the exact time when he will return.（He will return at the time. at the time 作時間狀語） 我們不知道他回來的確切時間。（2）where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾的先行詞是表示地點的詞，如school，house，place，village 等，where 在定語從句中作地點狀語。She worked in Japan for a few yea

8、rs where she taught English.（She taught English in Japan. in Japan 作地點狀語） 她在日本工作了幾年，在那里她教英語。when whywhere （1）當先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如 place，room，airport 等，同時關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語時，定語從句需用關(guān)系副詞where 引導(dǎo)。（2）如果先行詞是表示抽象意義的地點名詞，如 case，situation，condition，job，career，point 等，其后的關(guān)系副詞也用where。The boss of the corporation is trying

9、to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，員工喜歡他們的工作。（3）why 修飾表示原因的詞，在定語從句中作原因狀語。Tell me the reason why you were absent yesterday. 告訴我你昨天缺席的原因。 “介詞介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 要掌握“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，我們要注意以下兩點： （1）關(guān)系代詞的選用 在介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞一般只有which，whom 和whose。

10、如先行詞是物，引導(dǎo)詞用which；如先行詞是人，引導(dǎo)詞用whom；whose 適用于兩者，但要注意whose 后面有它所修飾的名詞或代詞，因為whose 在定語從句中起到形容詞的作用。 The boss in whose company I worked for 10 years has retired. 我供職十年的那家公司的老板退休了。 （2）介詞的選用 根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞的搭配習慣。 This is the book on which I spent 10 yuan.（spend與 on 搭配） This is the book for which I paid 10 yuan.（pay

11、 與 for 搭配）這就是我花10 元買的那本書。根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習慣。I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.我仍然記得我第一次來這所學校的那天。（on 與the day 搭配）表“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時用of，有時可用whose轉(zhuǎn)換。The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors.那位老婦人有兩個兒子，都是醫(yī)生。That table has four legs，all of which are very short.那張桌子有四條腿，都很短。

12、根據(jù)定語從句所表達的意義。Air，without which man cant live，is really important.空氣太重要了，沒有它人類就不能生存。從P50-P51也找到更多的含有定語從句的句子，并標出關(guān)系詞。 1.There are various reasons why people compose poetry. 2.One of the simplest kinds of poem is the“l(fā)ist poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a

13、particular theme. 3.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. 4.Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines. 5.The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanes

14、e，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.（1）Maria has written two novels，both of_ have been made into television series.（2）The air quality in the city，_is shown in the report，has declined over the past two months.（3）A lot of language learning，_ has been discovered，is happening in t

15、he first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.（4）In our class there are 46 students，_whom half wear glasses.whichasasof（5）It is the third time that she has won the race，_ has surprised us all.（6）That evening，I ended up working very late，_ I will tell you more

16、 about later. （7）I wish to thank Professor Smith，without _ help I would never have got this far. （8）The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most vivid imagination. whichwhichwhosewhose（9）Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，_is a stupid thing to do in such weathe

17、r. （10）Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others， ，of course，made all the others upset. （11）She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.（12）I was given three books on cooking，the first of I really enjoyed.（13） is report

18、ed in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress.（14）There was a time I became dizzy at the thought of study.（15）Between the two parts of the concert is a break， the audience can purchase ice- cream. whichwhichthat/whichwhichAs whenwhen （1）The house has been pulled down. He l

19、ived in the house 10 years ago. _ （2）The school lies in the east of the town. He once studied at the school. _ （3）Do you remember the days? We played together during the days. _ （4）Students should involve themselves in community activities. They can gain experience for growth in the activities. _ _

20、（5）The time was the happiest for me. At that time I taught at a village school. _The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.The school where he once studied lies in the east of the town.Do you remember the days when we played together?Students should involve themselves in community a

21、ctivities where they can gain experience for growth.The time when I taught at a village school was the happiest for me. （6）When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house. I would be staying in the house. _ （7）The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister. She would stay in the center for an hour. _ _ （8）He used to have a walk in the garden in the mornin