中考由真題看英語語法考點(diǎn)-定語從句

1、中考由真題看英語語法考點(diǎn)-定語從句【定語從句命題趨勢與預(yù)測】根據(jù)對(duì)定語從句部分全國各省市中考試題的分析可知，今后該部分仍將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)之一。其考查重點(diǎn)為：1 .定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)2 .關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用3 .各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法【考點(diǎn)詮釋】一、考查以that與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句1 .通常只能用that的情況1) 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等時(shí)。2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)以及被a11,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,the

2、only.thevery.thelast等修飾時(shí)。3)如果先行詞既指人又指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that?！究祭縒ithoutfriendship,onecan'tbehappyalthoughheisrichenough.Asforme,Iwillneverforgetthedays_Ispentwithmydearestfriend.哈爾濱市A.thatB.whenC.who答案A。解析在定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞who(指人)which(指物)that(指人或物)。由先行詞thedays作spent的賓語可判定用that引導(dǎo)。2 .通常只用which的情況(1)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，用關(guān)系代

3、詞which指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。(2)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，而且先行詞指物時(shí)只能用which,不用that。(3)如果句中有兩個(gè)定語從句，如果兩個(gè)從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)，那么其中一個(gè)應(yīng)改用which引導(dǎo)?！究祭縈anyyoungpeoplelovethesongshavegreatlyrics.成都市A.whoB.thoseC.which答案C。解析考查定語從句。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有which,who,where,that,故排除B,who指人，又排除了A,先行詞是物，故選Co二、考查以who,whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone,anybody

4、,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行詞，作主語用who,作賓語用whom。who而不用which。(2)在非限制性定語從句中，指人作主語用who,作賓語用whom,who。在定語從句中，作定語的關(guān)系代詞只能用whose,它相當(dāng)于the+名詞+of+which/whom;非限制性定語從句中還有“代詞/數(shù)詞+of+which/whom"結(jié)構(gòu)。【考例Themangaveusatalkonscienceyesterdayisafamousscientist.廣東省A.whoB.whoseC

5、.whichD.whom答案A。解析本題考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。先行詞為theman,指人，排除which;連接代詞在從句中作主語，排除whose和whom。故本題選who。-Doyouknowtheman_isrunningalongthestreet?-Yes.HeisourEnglishteacher.長沙市A.whoB.whichC.whom答案A。解析考查定語從句。限制性定語從句，如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系who,有時(shí)用that(作主語時(shí)用who較多)。三、考查關(guān)系副詞where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語從句它們相當(dāng)于“介詞+which",其中where=in/at+whic

6、h;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+which。(1)關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，只能在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。(2)關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，只能在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。（3）關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，只能在定語從句中作原因狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示原因的名詞?！究祭浚?009名帛陽中考）DisneyisanamusementparkyoucanfindallthenormalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters.A.whichB.w

7、hereC.thatD.when答案：B點(diǎn)撥：此題考查定語從句。先行詞為anamusementpark指地點(diǎn)，故關(guān)系詞用where。五、對(duì)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的考查當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”，指人則用“介詞+whom”,且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則：根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法而定?！究祭緿oyouknowtheyoungladyyourmotheristalking?（湖北黃石）A.whoB.whomC.withwh

8、omD.which答案:C命題立意:本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。試題解析:先行詞為theyounglady,被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talkwith的賓語，介詞with可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選Co【語法回顧】在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞（that,which,who,whom,whose）或關(guān)系副詞（when,where）,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系的作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞、副詞作用先行詞例句that,who,who

9、m（只做賓語）土語、兵語、表語人Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisstandingunderatree?你知道站在樹下白女孩是誰嗎？that,which主語、賓語、表語時(shí)地原協(xié)詠爾因Shegotacomputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一臺(tái)她的父母買給她的電腦。whose定語人物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.他的爸爸是醫(yī)生的男孩學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭?。Theclassroomwhosewindowisopenismine.窗戶開著的那個(gè)教室是我的教室。when狀語時(shí)間Istillreme

10、mberthedaywhenyouleaveforBeijing.我仍然記得你去北京的那一天。where狀語地點(diǎn)Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.這就是我媽媽工作的學(xué)校。why狀語原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎？二、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的用法（關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可省略）：1. that指人或物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。Thisisthepenthatyouarelookingfor.這是你要找的那支鋼筆。（賓語）Thegirlthathaslonghairismysister.留著

11、長發(fā)的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。（主語）2. which指物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。ThebikewhichismadeinTianjinsellswell.天津產(chǎn)的自行車銷售很好。（主語）Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.我們買的魚不新鮮。（賓語）3. who,whom指人，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.打碎窗戶的男孩叫Tom.（主語）Thepersontowhomheistalkingismyfather.正在和他談話的那個(gè)人是我父親。（賓語）4. whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。Th

12、egirlwhosebagisnewiscalledAnn.新書包的那個(gè)女孩叫Ann。（指人）Helivesinahousewhosewidowsopentothesouth.他住在窗戶朝南的那所房子。（指物）三、只用which不用that的情況：1 .在介詞后只用which,不能用that。Thisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。2 .先行詞本身是that時(shí)，只能用which,不能用that。Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.鐘表是用來報(bào)時(shí)的。四、只用that不用which的情況：1 .先行詞被形容

13、詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只能用that。ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.這是我所見過的最美麗的山。2 .先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)只能用that。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirty-nineSteps.我讀的第一本英文小說是39級(jí)臺(tái)階。3 .先行詞前有all,any,no,little,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾詞時(shí)只能用that。Hereare辿thebooksthatIhave.這就是我所有的書。ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.這是我唯一喜歡

14、的一本書。4 .先行詞是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that。Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的東西。5 .先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“物”的名詞時(shí)，只能用that。IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能記得我在房間里看至U的人和些圖畫。6 .先行詞是theone時(shí)，只能用that。Thisistheonethatyouwant.

15、這就是你想要的。7 .在以who引導(dǎo)的疑問句后，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用that。Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?站在那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰？五、在介詞后只能用whom,不能用who。ThegirltowhomItalkedjustnowisfromAmerica.我剛剛與之談話的那個(gè)女孩是來自美國的。六、定語從句中主謂一致的問題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致（我們要知道，關(guān)系代詞所代指的就是先行詞，這里有一個(gè)等量關(guān)系）。Tomisoneoftheboyswho_arefromtheUSA.Tom是眾多來自美國的男孩中

16、的一個(gè)。Tomistheonlyboythatis.fromtheUSA.Tom是惟一從美國來的男孩。七、定語從句中的介詞與副詞的問題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，如果定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要加介詞或副詞。（定語從句中的不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定的及物動(dòng)詞短語后，不能把介詞或副詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前。）Heistheoldmanwho/whomwelookedafterlastyear.他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€(gè)老人。ThatisthebookwhichIamlookingfor一那就是我要找的書。八、關(guān)系副詞when與where的使用：1. when指時(shí)間:Iwillnever

17、forgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場勞動(dòng)的那段時(shí)光。2. where指地點(diǎn)（where=in等介詞+which）:Thisisthehousewhere（=inwhich）helivedlastyear.這是他去年住的房子。九、定語從句與作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語的轉(zhuǎn)換:Shehasmuchworkthatshemustdo.=Shehasmuchworktodo.她有許多要做的工作。ThemaninthecarisMr.Green.=ThemanwhoisinthecaNsMr.Green.在車上的人是

18、格林先生。Thegirlwateringflowersthereismysister尸Thegirlwhoiswateringflowersthereismysister.在澆花的女孩是我妹妹。Theboysavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.=Theboywhowassavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.從河里救起的男孩蘇醒過來了?！菊Z法過關(guān)】1. -Doyoulikethepopsinger?-No,Ipreferthesingercansingfolkmusic.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.how2. Themanis

19、wearingabluejacketisJim'suncle.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./3. Doyouknowtheyoungladyyourmotheristalking?A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.which4. -Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?-Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who5. TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that6. -Wherei

20、sthescientistgaveusthetalkyesterday?-HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.whichD.whoD.whoD.whichD.thatwho引導(dǎo)。故用who引導(dǎo)。7. Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.which8. I'mlookingatthephotographyousentmewithyourletter.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.it9. Ihatepeopledon'thelpherswhent

21、heyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.they10. -Barbara,wheredoyouwork?-Iworkforacompanysellscars.A.whichB.whereC.what11. Doyouknowtheyoungladyyourmotheristalking?A.whoB.whomC.withwhom12. TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.what1. B解析考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的掌握。定語從句中先行詞是人時(shí)用2. A.解析考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語從句。先

22、行詞是人且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,3. C.解析本題考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。先行，司為theyounglady,被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talkwith的賓語，介詞with可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選C。4. D.解析本題考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。5. D.解析本題考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語,所以只有that合適。6. B.解析本題考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。7. D.解析本題

23、考查引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。8. C.解析本題考查定語從句的用法。句中的先行詞是thephotograph,同時(shí)在定語從句中作賓語，故關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which。其答案為：Co9. A.解析本題考查定語從句的用法。句中的先行詞是people,同時(shí)在定語從句中作主語，故關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who。其答案為：A。10. A.解析作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，which可修飾物，who指代人，that指人或物。定語從句修飾company,選用which。11。答案C解析：先行詞為theyounglady,被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talkwi

24、th的賓語，介詞with可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選Co12.答案D解析：因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。一、英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)試卷I .閱讀理解Oldagemaynotsoundexciting.Butrecentfindingsoffergoodnewsforolderpeopleandforpeopleworriedaboutgettingolder.Researchersfoundthatpeoplebecomehappierandexperiencelessworryaftertheyreachtheageof50.Infact,theysayb

25、ytheageof85,peoplearehappierwiththeirlifethantheywerewhentheywere18yearsold.Thefindingscamefromasurveyofmorethan340,000adultsintheUnitedStates.TheGallupOrganizationquestionedthembytelephone.Atthattime,thepeoplewerebetweentheagesof18and85.Theresearchersaskedquestionsaboutemotions,likehappiness,sadnes

26、sandworry.Theyalsoaskedaboutmental（氣質(zhì)）oremotionalstress.ArthurStoneintheDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralScienceatStonyBrookUniversityinNewYorkledthestudy.Histeamfoundthatlevelsofstresswerehighestamongadultsbetweentheagesof24and25.Thefindingsshowedthatstresslevelsdroppedsharplyafterpeoplereachedth

27、eirfifties.Thestudyalsoshowedthatmenandwomenhavesimilarfeelingpatternsastheygrowolder.However,womenatallagesreportedmoresadness,stressandworrythanmen.Researcherssaytheydonotknowwhyhappinessincreasesaspeoplegetolder.Onetheoryisthat,aspeoplegrowolder,theygrowmorethankfulforwhattheyhaveandhavebettercon

28、troloftheirfeelings.Sotheyspendlesstimethinkingaboutbadexperiences.ProfessorStonesaystheemotionalpatternscouldbeconnectedwithchangesinhowpeopleseetheworld,ormaybeevenchangesinbrainchemistry.Theresearchersalsoconsideredpossibleinfluenceslikehavingyoungchildren,beingunemployed（被解雇）orbeingsingle.Butthe

29、yfoundthatinfluenceslikethesedidnotaffect(影響)thelevelsofhappiness.II )Whowouldprobablyshowthegreatestinterestinthepassage?A. Thosewhoareworriedaboutgettingold.B. Thosewhoaresingleandunemployed.C. Thosewhofeelunhappyallthetime.D. Thosewhosufferfrommentalstress.(2) Whenmaypeoplehavethehighestlevelofst

30、ress?A.Attheageof20.B.Attheageof25.C.Attheageof35.D.Attheageof40.(3) AccordingtoArthurStone'sidea,oldpeoplemay.A.controltheirbehaviorsbetterB. knowhowtospendmoneywiselyC. dreamaboutgoodthingseverydayD. haveapositiveattitudetowardstheirlife(4) Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A. TheYounger,t

31、heHappierB. TheYoungAreHappierthantheOldC. GettingOlderMeansGettingHappierD. WomenAreEasiertoBeHappyinLife【答案】(1)AB(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】文章大意：重點(diǎn)介紹的是老年人的幸福感問題，作者通過一個(gè)調(diào)查研究告訴我們隨著年齡的增長，人們的幸福感會(huì)越來越強(qiáng)。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句Butrecentfindingsoffergoodnewsforolderpeopleandforpeopleworriedaboutgettingolder.理解可知，對(duì)于老年人來說，或是

32、擔(dān)心年齡增長的人來說是個(gè)好消息，所以他們會(huì)感興趣，故選Ao(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第三段Histeamfoundthatlevelsofstresswerehighestamongadultsbetweentheagesof24and25.描述可知，24與25的年輕人的壓力最大，故選B。(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中語句aspeoplegrowolder,theygrowmorethankfulforwhattheyhaveandhavebettercontroloftheirfeelings.Sotheyspendlesstimethinkingaboutbadexperiences.可知，隨

33、著年齡的增長，人們的幸福感越來越強(qiáng)，對(duì)生活的態(tài)度越來越積極。故選Do(4)標(biāo)題理解歸納題。通讀全文可知，這篇短文的中心就是越老生活越滿足，幸福指數(shù)越高，變老意味著變得更幸福。故選Co【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文淺顯易懂，層次分明，很容易把握文章中心內(nèi)容。答題中注意帶著問題閱讀短文，一般就能順利找出答題依據(jù)。對(duì)于不能直接找到根據(jù)的問題注意聯(lián)系上下文，根據(jù)短文中心總結(jié)出正確答案。2.閱讀理解KathycouldstillrememberthenightshehadtoleaveherhomeinHungary.ItwasthebeginningofWorldWarIIandherfamilyhadtoleavet

34、heircountryassoonaspossible.Shequicklyfilledabagwithafewpiecesofclothing,herdiary,andhertreasureabeautifulsilkscarf.Kathyandherbestfriend,Monica,hadaskedtheirparentstobuythemmatchingscarves.Theyeachwouldwearthescarvesasasymboloftheirfriendship.KathyhadnoideathatshewasgoingtoAmericathatnightandwouldn

35、otbereturning.Kathykeptthatspecialsilkscarfformanyyears.Onedayshedecidedtogiveittohergranddaughter,Eliza,toweartoherfirstjobinterviewforgoodluck.KathywasafraidthatElizawouldlosethescarf,butthegranddaughterpromised,"Don'tworry,Grandma,nothing'sgoingtohappentoyourscarf.You'llsee.Itisg

36、oingtobringbothofuslucktoday,"Andwiththat,Elizakissedhergrandmotherandleftfortheinterview.ThatafternoonElizalefttheinterview,feelingsurethatshehadgotthejob.Soshedecidedtocelebratebygoingtoarestaurant.Asshewassittingathertable,shefeltsomeonelookingather.Sittingnexttoherwasanoldwoman,whocouldnott

37、akehereyesawayfromher"I'msorry,doIknowyou?"Elizaasked."I'msorry,dear,butyoumakemethinkofsomeoneIonceknew,"theoldwomanreplied."Mybestfriendlookedlikeyouandusedtowearascarfjustliketheoneyou'rewearingaroundyourneck."Elizalistenedcarefully,withhereyesandmouthwid

38、eopen.Shehadheardstoriesofhergrandmother'sbestfriendandknewthemeaningofthescarf.CouldthisbeMonica,hergrandmotherschildhoodfriend?Elizaintroducedherselfandwaitedtohearthenameoftheotherwoman."Myname'sMonica,dear,IlivedinHungaryasachild,butmyfamilyhadtoleavewhenIwasfourteenyearsold.I'v

39、ebeenlivinghereinCaliforniaeversince,"saidtheoldwoman.ELizacouldnotbelieveherears(1) Kathyandherfamilylefttheircountrybecause.A.KathyfoundajobintheUSAB.KathywouldstudyinCaliforniaC.theyhadnofriendsinEuropeD.theywantedtogetawayfromthewar(2) FromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph6,wecaninferthatEli

40、zafelt.A.surprisedB.thankfulC.sorryD.nervous(3) WhatwouldElizamostprobablydoafterthedinner?A.ShegavethesilkscarftoMonica.B.Shewentforanotherjobinterview.C.SheshowedMonicaaroundCalifornia.D.ShetookMonicatomeethergrandmother.B.AScarfofLuck(4) 4)Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe.A.AGiftfromParentsC.ASucc

41、essfulInterviewD.AStoryintheWar【答案】(1)DA(3) D(4) B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要講述了一對(duì)分別多年的老朋友在一個(gè)偶然的情況下憑借一條絲巾重逢的故事。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中ItwasthebeginningofWorldWarIIandherfamilyhadtoleavetheircountryassoonaspossible.可知，那是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的開始，她的家人不得不盡快離開他們的國家。故選D。(2)推理判斷題。由劃線句Elizalistenedcarefully,withhereyesandmouthwideopen.可知，

42、Eliza認(rèn)真地聽著，張大了眼睛與嘴巴。因此Eliza此時(shí)的心情是感到驚訝(surprised)的。故選A。(3)推理判斷題。由全文可知，Eliza遇見的Monica就是祖母Kathy小時(shí)候最好的朋友，而祖母已經(jīng)很多年沒有見到Monica,但至今仍保存著象征她們友誼的圍巾。說明Kathy十分希望能再見到Monica。因此Eliza會(huì)把Monica帶回家見祖母。故選D。(4)主旨大意題。由第三段倒數(shù)第二句Itisgoingtobringbothofuslucktoday可知，今天它(圍巾)會(huì)給我們”倆都帶來好運(yùn)。又由下文可知，Eliza戴上圍巾后，不僅面試十分順利而且還遇見了祖母Kathy多年未

43、見的好友Monica,而Monica也一直注意著這條象征她和Kathy友誼的圍巾。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷句子正誤。DearDr.Manners,Myclosefriendseldomsays"please".Shewillsay"Canyougetmethatbag?"or"Moveitoverthere!"Ihavetoldheralotoftimesthati

44、tispolitetouse"please"and"thankyou",butshehardlyremembers.Ifeelthatsheisorderingmearoundwithout"please",andIalwaysgetangry.Wehavebeenclosefriendsforover10years.ItseemsthatIcan'tstanditanymore.WhatshouldIdo?Canyouhelpme?Sincerely,HawkinsDearMsHawkins,Whenyourfrienddo

45、csnotusepolitewords,itseemsthatsheisorderingyoutodosomething.Soyouhaveright（權(quán)利）tohateherbehavior.Askherwhyshedoesn'tuse"please"or"thankyou".Explaintoherthatitmakesyoufeeluncomfortable.Also,youdon'tneedtodoanythingforherbecauseshedoesn'tseemkindorpleasantwhensheasksyou

46、to.Maybeyourfriendwasnottaughthowtouse"please"or"thankyou"inthenormalconversation.Soyoucantrytoteachherthat.Rememberitisdifficulttofindanotherclosefriendifyouloseone.Bestregards,Dr.Manners(1) MsHawkinsdoesn'tknowhowtouse"please"or"thankyou".(2) MsHawkinsgo

47、ttoknowherfriendmorethantenyearsago.(3) Dr.MannersthinksMsHawkinshasrighttohateherfriend'sbehavior.(4) MaybeMsHawkins'frienddoesn'tknowtherightwayoftalkinginthenormalconversation.(5) Dr.MannersadvisesMsHawkinstobreakup(絕交)withherfriend.【答案】(1)01(3) 1(4) 1(5) 0【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要講述了霍金斯女士對(duì)醫(yī)生講了

48、她對(duì)于朋友的一些不禮貌行為的煩惱，并請(qǐng)求幫助。(1)根據(jù)第一封信的內(nèi)容中的"Myclosefriendseldomsays以及pleOseaVetoIdheralotoftimesthatitispolitetouse'please'and'thankyou',butshe幣ardlyMmemawksns的朋友不知道如何使用“pleas麗”"thankyou而不是Ms.Hawkins,故選錯(cuò)誤。(2)根據(jù)第一封信的內(nèi)容中的"Wehavebeenclosefriendsforover10years可知。十多年前，霍金斯認(rèn)識(shí)了她的朋友。

49、故選正確。(3)根據(jù)第二封信的內(nèi)容中的“itseemsthatsheorderingyoutodosomething.Soyouhaveright(權(quán)禾1)tohateherbehavior.可知禮儀博士認(rèn)為霍金斯女士有權(quán)討厭她朋友的行為。故選正確。(4)根據(jù)第二封信的內(nèi)容中的"Yourfriendwasprobablynevertaughthowtouse'please'or'thanormalconversation.可知也許霍金斯女士的朋友在正常的談話中不知道正確的說話方式。故選正確。(5)根據(jù)第二封信的內(nèi)容中的"Rememberitisdif

50、ficulttofindanotherclosefriendifyouloseone.可知Dr.Manners并沒有建議Ms.Hawkins和她的朋友絕交。故選錯(cuò)誤?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查理解判斷題。審讀題目，找出相關(guān)的依據(jù)。讀懂短文內(nèi)容再讀題目，把握每一個(gè)待判定句子的含義，通過尋讀法在原文中找出每一個(gè)問題相關(guān)的段落與詞句，然后依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容對(duì)試題所給出的句子進(jìn)行是非判斷。4 .閱讀理解Calabashbrothers（葫蘆娃兄弟）liveintheCalabashMountainwiththeirgrandfather.Theyareallverybrave.Theyweardifferentcloth

51、es.Theredcalabashistheothersixbrothers'elderbrother.Heispowerful.Hisbodycanbebiggerorsmaller.Buthedoesn'thavehisownideas.Theorangecalabashhasenhancedhearingandsight.Hecanseeandhearfarplacesclearly.Theyellowcalabash'sbodyisverystrong.Nothingcaninjure（傷害）him,butheisarrogant（傲慢的）.Thegreenca

52、labashisthegodoffire.Hecaneatfireandmakefire.Thecyan（青色的）calabashcandrinkwaterandmakeflood.Thebluecalabashisthecleverestofall.Nobodycanfindhimwhenhemakeshimselfinvisible.Andthepurplecalabashhasamagicgourd（葫蘆）.Thegourdcanabsorb（吸收）everything.Onedayapangolin（穿山甲）brokethecaveandtwomonsterscameout.Theyw

53、ereMonsterScorpion（蝎子精）andMonsterSnake.Thecalabashbrothersmustfightwiththemandsavetheworld.Unluckily,theirgrandfatherwhohelpedthembeatthemonster,waskilledbythemonstersfinally.（1） Howmanycalabashbrothersarethere?A.Five.B.Six.C.Seven.D.Eight.（2） Whatdoestheredcalabashlooklike?A.Heispowerful.B.Hehasenh

54、ancedeyes.C.Hehastwobigeyes.D.Hehasahardhead.（3） Ifthereisafire,youmayfindthe.A.redcalabashB.orangecalabashC.greencalabashD.cyancalabash（4） Whatdoestheunderlinedword"invisible"meaninChinese?A.微不足道的Bf不見的C暴露的D赤裸的【答案】（1）CA（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介紹了七個(gè)葫蘆娃的故事，分別介紹了他們的顏色與特長。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中語句Theredc

55、alabashistheothersixbrothers'elderbrother.提示可知葫蘆兄弟一共七個(gè)，故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中語句Theredcalabashistheothersixbrothers'elderbrother.Heispowerful.HisA。bodycanbebiggerorsmaller.提示可知，紅葫蘆娃他很強(qiáng)悍，故選（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中語句Thegreencalabashisthegodoffire.Hecaneatfireandmakefire.提示可知，青葫蘆娃會(huì)造火，故選Co（4）詞義理解推斷題。根據(jù)文中語句Nobody

56、canfindhimwhenhemakeshimselfinvisible.提示可知，invisible表示看不見，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文考查細(xì)節(jié)題與詞義推斷題。細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中抓住關(guān)鍵詞尋找答案；詞義題需要通讀上下文，了解大意之后找出正確選項(xiàng)。5 .閱讀理解EsperanzalivesinapoorLatino（拉丁美洲的）neighbourhoodinChicago,America.Shedreamsofhavingherownhouseoneday.Herparentstoldherthatwhentheymovedfromtheirlasthouse,theywouldh

57、aveanewandshiny（亮閃閃的）house.Butthehouseissmallandold.ManypeopleliveinMangoStreet,inabigoldhouse,Esperanzalivesbehinditwithherfamily.AlotofthepeoplewhohavecomefromMexicodon'tspeakEnglish.Manymisstheirhomecountry.Esperanzaunderstandstheirsadness,butshealsofeelsathomeinAmerica.SheisanAmerican,butherroots（根）willalwaysbeLatino.Esperanzaisyoung.Likeherfriends,shehastogrowupfast.Sheisstuckbetweenbeingagirlandbeingawoman.Inthepooranddangerousareawhereshelives,thisisdifficultforher.Mexicanpeopleusuallyliveinacloseneighbourhood.T